-------- End of Section - I ---------

Section - II: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 2 x 5 = 10

(i) Answer all Two questions

(ii) Each question carries Five marks

L-1 In a heat exchanger, the hot stream enters at 80°C and leaves at 50°C. On the
other hand, the cold streams enters at 20°C and leaves the heat exchanger at
50°C. Determine whether the heat exchanger is counter-current type or co-
current type.

For co-current heat exchanger, terminal temperature differences are

60°C and 0°C, respectively. Since one of the terminal temperature
differences is 0°C, it is not possible.

On the other hand, for counter-current heat exchanger, terminal

temperature differences are 30°C and 30°C, respectively. Since both the
terminal temperature differences are positive, it is a possible
configuration.

L-2 A retail store has 100 numbers of 40 W fluorescent tube lights (FTL). The
length and width of a retail store is 15 m and 10 m respectively. The ballast of
the FTLs were measured to be 13 W per ballast on an average. The mounting
height is 2.4 m from the working plane and the average maintained illuminance
is 900 lux. Determine the room index, Target lux/W/m2 and annual energy
wastage in kWh if the FTLs operate for 5000 hours in a year.

Room Index RI

10x 15 /2.4(10 +15)

RI 2.5

Area 150
Circuit watts 5300 W
W/m2 35.3
Lux 900
Lux/W/m2 25.47

Target Lux/W/m2 48

_________________________ 1
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 ILER 0.531
Saving potential (1-0.531) x 5300 x 5000
(1 – ILER) x watts x no of hours of
operation
12,429 kWh

-------- End of Section - II ---------

_________________________ 2
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Section - III: Numerical Questions Marks: 4 x 20 = 80

(i) Answer all Four questions

(ii) Each question carries Twenty marks

N -1 Flow rates of the hot and the cold water streams flowing through a heat
exchanger are 10 and 25 kg/min, respectively. Hot and cold side inlet
temperatures are 70°C and 25°C, respectively. The other data is given below

(i) effect of fouling can be neglected, (ii) the exit temperature of the hot side
stream is required to be 50°C, and (iii) the overall heat transfer coefficient is
800 W/m2 K (iv) specific heat of water is 4.179 kJ/kg K

a) Calculate the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger if the heat
exchanger is parallel-flow

b) Calculate the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger if the heat
exchanger is counter-flow

.
Rate of heat transfer (10/60) × 4179 × (70 – 50) = 13930 W
Cold water exit temperature 25 + [13930 / (4179 × (25/60))]
25 + 8 = 33 °C

Terminal temperature differences (70 – 25) and (50 – 33) i.e., 45 °C

for parallel flow heat exchangers and 17 °C.
LMTD (45 – 17)/ln(45/17) = 28.76
Overall heat transfer coefficient U 800 W/m2 K
Heat transfer area required [13930 / (800 × 28.76)]
0.6 m2

Terminal temperature differences (70 – 33) and (50 – 25) i.e., 37 °C

for counter flow heat exchangers and 25 °C.
LMTD (37 – 25)/ln(37/25) = 30.6
Overall heat transfer coefficient U 800 W/m2 K
Heat transfer area required [13930 / (800 × 30.6)]
0.57 m2

N-2 Two energy conservation projects have been proposed. For the first project, a
capital investment of Rs.10,000/- is required and the net annual saving is Rs.
5000/- for 5 years. For the second project, a capital investment of Rs. 12000/-
produces a savings of Rs. 5000/- for first 2 years and Rs. 6000/- for next 3

_________________________ 3
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 years. Salvage value at the end of 5 years for the second project is Rs. 1000/-.
Determine:
(i) Net present value for both the projects with a discount factor of 9%.
(ii) Profitability index for both the projects with a discount factor of 9%.
(ii) Internal rate of return for both the projects.

NPV for project 1 = – 10000 + 5000/1.09 + 5000/(1.09) 2 + 5000/(1.09)3 +

5000/(1.09)4 + 5000/(1.09)5 = + 9448.3

NPV for project 2 = – 12000 + 5000/1.09 + 5000/(1.09) 2 + 6000/(1.09)3 +

6000/(1.09)4 + 6000/(1.09)5 + 1000/(1.09)5 = + 10228.7

(ii) Profitability index for project 1 = 9448.3 / 10000 = 0.945

Profitability index for project 2 = 10228.7 / 12000 = 0.852

(iii) NPV for project 1 with 40% discount rate = 175.8

NPV for project 1 with 42% discount rate = –157.2
IRR for project 1 = 41.05%

NPV for project 2 with 35% discount rate = 253.3

NPV for project 2 with 37% discount rate = –199.4
IRR for project 2 = 36.11%

N -3 During energy audit following data were obtained on a 3 phase induction

motor:

Rated capacity: 37 kW
Rated voltage: 415 V
Rated current: 65 A
Rated power factor: 0.89
Operating voltage: 420 V
Operating current: 46 A
Operating power factor: 0.75

Note: Motor efficiency does not change between 50 –100 % loading.

The plant operates for 7000 hours per year with the electricity cost of Rs. 4 per
unit.

It is proposed to replace the original motor by a 30 kW energy efficient motor

with 92% efficiency.

a) Determine the rated efficiency and the loading of the original motor.
b) Calculate the loading of the replaced motors.
c) If replacing the existing motor with energy efficient motor costs Rs.75,000,
determine the pay back period for the investment required for the energy
efficient motor over the ordinary motor.

Rated input power 1.732 × 0.415 × 65× 0.89

41.6 kW
Rated efficiency of the 37/ 41.6

_________________________ 4
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
 motor
89%

Actual input power drawn 1.732 × 0.420 × 46 × 0.75

25 kW

Loading of the motor 25/41.6 = 0.601 or 60.1%

Shaft power or motor 22.25 kW

output
Energy efficient motor 30 kW
rating
Actual output required 22.25 kW
% loading of the motor 22.25/30
74 %

Annual energy savings 22.25(1/0.89 – 1/0.92) x 7000 x Rs.4

22.25 x 0.037 x 7000 x 4
Rs.22,826

Payback period 75,000/23,082

3.28 years or 39 months

N-4 A cogeneration system in a paper plant is operated by a coal fired boiler. The
steam from the boiler drives a back pressure turbine. The cogeneration plant
parameters are given below.

Rated output 3000kW

Live steam pressure 3.4 Mpa
Live steam temperature 435OC
Steam pressure at turbine outlet 1.45 Mpa
Steam temperature at turbine outlet 335OC
Steam flow rate 80.9 TPH
Inlet Enthalpy at 3.4 MPa 3305.24 kJ/kg
Outlet Enthalpy at 1.45 MPa 3116.44 kJ/kg
Boiler feed water temperature 80OC
Operation 8000 hrs/annum
Cost of coal Rs.2000/tonne

a. Find out the efficiency of the turbine

b. Find out the efficiency of the boiler if coal at 18 TPH is fired at a calorific value
of 4000 kCal/kg

c. The turbine efficiency can be increased to 73% at cost of Rs. 2 crores and the
boiler efficiency can be increased to 83 % at a cost of Rs.1 crore which of
these investments will have a shorter payback?

Solution:

_________________________ 5
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Enthalpy drop across the turbine 188.8 kJ/kg
Total enthalpy drop 188.8 x 80,900
1, 52,73,920 kJ/hr
4243 kJ/s or kW
Turbine output 3000kW
Turbine efficiency 3000/4243
0.707

Boiler output 80,900 x {[(3305.24/4.12)]-80}

58429436 kCals/hr
Boiler input 18,000 x 4000
720,00,000 kCals/hr
Boiler efficiency 81 %

4110kJ/s

Steam flow required 80.9 x(0.707 /0.73) = 78.35TPH

Steam savings 80.9-78.35=2.55 TPH
Coal savings 2550 x {[(3305.24/4.12)]-80}
0.81 x 4000
0.568TPH
Annual savings in coal 0.568 x 8000 x Rs2000
Rs.0.91 Crores
Investment Rs.2 Crores
Payback period 2. / 0.91=2.2 years

If boiler efficiency is increased to 83 58429436 kCals/hr

% then the fuel consumption will be (0.83 x 4000)
17.6 TPH
Annual savings in coal (18-17.6) x 8000 x 2000
Rs.64 lacs
Investment Rs.100Lacs
Payback period 1.56 years
Improving boiler efficiency will have a
shorter payback

-------- End of Section - III ---------

_________________________ 6
Bureau of Energy Efficiency