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    Development of Surface

    Uploaded by

    Mina Magdy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Development of Surface

    Uploaded by

    Mina Magdy
    6 views10 pages

    Original Title

    development of surface

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views10 pages

    Development of Surface

    Uploaded by

    Mina Magdy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Development of surfaces

    1
    Definition:

    Development is a graphical method of


    obtaining the area of the surfaces of a solid.
    When a solid is opened out and its complete
    surface is laid on a plane, the surface of the
    solid is said to be developed. The figure thus
    obtained is called a development of the
    surfaces of the solid or simply development.
    Development of the solid, when folded or
    rolled, gives the solid.
    Examples

    Prism – Made up of same number of rectangles as sides of the base


    One side: Height of the prism
    Other side: Side of the base

    Cylinder – Rectangle
    One side: Circumference of the base
    h
    Other side: Height of the cylinder

    fd pd
    Pyramid – Number of triangles in contact T. L.
    The base may be included
    if present 3
    Methods used to develop surfaces

    1. Parallel-line development: Used for prisms, cylinders etc. in which


    parallel lines are drawn along the surface and transferred to the
    development.

    2. Radial-line development: Used for pyramids, cones etc. in which the


    true length of the slant edge or generator is used as radius.

    3. Triangulation development: Complex shapes are divided into a


    number of triangles and transferred into the development (usually
    used for transition pieces).

    4. Approximate method: Surface is divided into parts and developed.


    Used for surfaces such as spheres, paraboloids, ellipsoids etc.

    Note:- The surface is preferably cut at the location where the edge will be
    smallest such that welding or other joining procedures will be
    minimal. 4
    Parallel line development: This method is employed to develop the surfaces of
    prisms and cylinders. Two parallel lines (called stretch-out lines) are drawn
    from the two ends of the solids and the lateral faces are located between these
    lines.

    5
    Development of lateral surfaces of different solids.
    (Lateral surface is the surface excluding top & base)
    Cylinder: A Rectangle
    Pyramids: (No.of triangles)
    Cone: (Sector of circle)

    pD
    D
    H= Height D= base diameter 
    Prisms: No.of Rectangles R=Base circle radius. L= Slant edge.
    L=Slant height. S = Edge of base
    R 3600
     = L
    Radial-line
    H development
    Parallel-line
    development
    S S H= Height S = Edge of base
    Cube: Six Squares.

    Tetrahedron: Four Equilateral Triangles

    All sides
    equal in length

    6
    FRUSTUMS
    DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF
    FRUSTUM OF CONE FRUSTUM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
    Base side

    Top side

    R 3600
     = L

    R= Base circle radius of cone


    L= Slant height of cone L= Slant edge of pyramid
    L1 = Slant height of cut part. L1 = Slant edge of cut part.

    7
    Develop the surface of the symmetrical half of an oblique pyramid with a horizontal regular
    hexagonal base (side 20 mm and vertex 30 mm above one corner of the base)

    Obtain true lengths of the edges ob and oc by rotation or auxiliary view


    method
    Edge oa is seen in true length in the Front View
    ab = bc = cd = side of hexagonal base = 20 mm
    od and dc can be constructed as they are
    perpendicular to each other
    o, d b
    a c The lengths of bc, and ob are known and therefore
    these distances can be marked with the compass

    T After drawing triangles odc and ocb, triangle oba


    b c can be completed
    F o
    o
    a

    a b c d c b a c d

    True lengths
    8
    d
    Oblique square prism

    e, j, h f, l, g h j l f

    a, i, d b, k, c d i k b
    i’, j’ b’, f’
    a’, e’ b’, f’
    i’ b’
    i’, j’
    f’

    k’, l’ d’, h’ k’, l’


    j’
    d’ k’
    d’, h’ c’, g’ i’
    l’

    h’
    d’
    e d Oblique prism
    g f c
    Parallel to each other
    h a i b

    f a b
    a b
    f

    g h i
    g h i

    10

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