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Relations and Functions Class 11 Notes Maths Chapter 2 - Learn CBSE

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Relations and Functions Class 11 Notes Maths Chapter 2 - Learn CBSE

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shaahidirfaan
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Relations and Functions

Class 11 Notes Maths Chapter


2
January 19, 2024 by Sastry CBSE

CBSE Class 11 Maths Notes Chapter


2 Relations and Functions

Ordered Pair
An ordered pair consists of two objects or
elements in a given fixed order.

Equality of Two Ordered Pairs


Two ordered pairs (a, b) and (c, d) are equal if a
= c and b = d.

Cartesian Product of Two Sets


For any two non-empty sets A and B, the set of
all ordered pairs (a, b) where a ∈ A and b ∈ B is
called the cartesian product of sets A and B and
is denoted by A × B.
Thus, A × B = {(a, b) : a ∈ A and b ∈ B}
If A = Φ or B = Φ, then we define A × B = Φ

Note:

A×B≠B×A
If n(A) = m and n(B) = n, then n(A × B) = mn
and n(B × A) = mn
If atieast one of A and B is infinite, then (A ×
B) is infinite and (B × A) is infinite.

Relations
A relation R from a non-empty set A to a non-
empty set B is a subset of the cartesian product
set A × B. The subset is derived by describing a
relationship between the first element and the
second element of the ordered pairs in A × B.
The set of all first elements in a relation R is
called the domain of the relation B, and the set
of all second elements called images is called
the range of R.

Note:

A relation may be represented either by the


Roster form or by the set of builder form, or
by an arrow diagram which is a visual
representation of relation.
If n(A) = m, n(B) = n, then n(A × B) = mn
and the total number of possible relations
from set A to set B = 2mn

Inverse of Relation
For any two non-empty sets A and B. Let R be a
relation from a set A to a set B. Then, the inverse
of relation R, denoted by R-1 is a relation from B
to A and it is defined by
R-1 ={(b, a) : (a, b) ∈ R}
Domain of R = Range of R-1 and
Range of R = Domain of R-1.

Functions
A relation f from a set A to set B is said to be
function, if every element of set A has one and
only image in set B.
In other words, a function f is a relation such that
no two pairs in the relation have the first
element.

Real-Valued Function
A function f : A → B is called a real-valued
function if B is a subset of R (set of all real
numbers). If A and B both are subsets of R, then
f is called a real function.

Some Specific Types of Functions


Identity function: The function f : R → R defined
by f(x) = x for each x ∈ R is called identity
function.
Domain of f = R; Range of f = R

Constant function: The function f : R → R


defined by f(x) = C, x ∈ R, where C is a constant
∈ R, is called a constant function.
Domain of f = R; Range of f = C

Polynomial function: A real valued function f :


R → R defined by f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2+…+ anxn,
where n ∈ N and a0, a1, a2,…….. an ∈ R for each x
∈ R, is called polynomial function.

Rational function: These are the real function


of type f(x)g(x), where f(x)and g(x)are
polynomial functions of x defined in a domain,
where g(x) ≠ 0.

The modulus function: The real function f : R →


R defined by f(x) = |x|
or

for all values of x ∈ R is called the modulus


function.
Domaim of f = R
Range of f = R+ U {0} i.e. [0, ∞)

Signum function: The real function f : R → R


defined
by f(x) = |x|x, x ≠ 0 and 0, if x = 0
or

is called the signum function.


Domain of f = R; Range of f = {-1, 0, 1}

Greatest integer function: The real function f :


R → R defined by f (x) = {x}, x ∈ R assumes that
the values of the greatest integer less than or
equal to x, is called the greatest integer
function.
Domain of f = R; Range of f = Integer

Fractional part function: The real function f : R


→ R defined by f(x) = {x}, x ∈ R is called the
fractional part function.
f(x) = {x} = x – [x] for all x ∈R
Domain of f = R; Range of f = [0, 1)

Algebra of Real Functions


Addition of two real functions: Let f : X → R and
g : X → R be any two real functions, where X ∈ R.
Then, we define (f + g) : X → R by
{f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x), for all x ∈ X.

Subtraction of a real function from another:


Let f : X → R and g : X → R be any two real
functions, where X ⊆ R. Then, we define (f – g) :
X → R by (f – g) (x) = f (x) – g(x), for all x ∈ X.

Multiplication by a scalar: Let f : X → R be a


real function and K be any scalar belonging to R.
Then, the product of Kf is function from X to R
defined by (Kf)(x) = Kf(x) for all x ∈ X.

Multiplication of two real functions: Let f : X →


R and g : X → R be any two real functions, where
X ⊆ R. Then, product of these two functions i.e.
f.g : X → R is defined by (fg) x = f(x) . g(x) ∀ x ∈
X.

Quotient of two real functions: Let f and g be


two real functions defined from X → R. The
quotient of f by g denoted by fg is a function
defined from X → R as

Maths Class 11 Notes

Chapter 1 Sets Class 11 Notes


Chapter 2 Relations and Functions Class 11
Notes
Chapter 3 Trigonometric Functions Class 11
Notes
Chapter 4 Principle of Mathematical
Induction Class 11 Notes
Chapter 5 Complex Numbers and
Quadratic Equations Class 11 Notes
Chapter 6 Linear Inequalities Class 11
Notes
Chapter 7 Permutations and Combinations
Class 11 Notes
Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Class 11
Notes
Chapter 9 Sequences and Series Class 11
Notes
Chapter 10 Straight Lines Class 11 Notes
Chapter 11 Conic Sections Class 11 Notes
Chapter 12 Introduction to Three
Dimensional Geometry Class 11 Notes
Chapter 13 Limits and Derivatives Class 11
Notes
Chapter 14 Mathematical Reasoning Class
11 Notes
Chapter 15 Statistics Class 11 Notes
Chapter 16 Probability Class 11 Notes

Class 11 Maths Notes

NCERT Solutions

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