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Lec 8

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18 views49 pages

Lec 8

Uploaded by

crisvincentriveraudang15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL

SURVEYING
Lecture 8
Traverse Computations

Course Title:
GE 211 General Surveying

Instructor:
Annevin Tomas Martinez, GE
Traverse
 A traverse consists a series of straight lines of known
length related to one another by known angles between
the lines. The points defining the ends of the traverse
lines are called traverse stations
 Traverse survey is a method of establishing control
points, their positions being determined by measuring
the distances between the traverse stations which serve
as control points and the angles subtended at the various
stations by their adjacent stations.
2 Types of Traverse
1. Open Traverse – originates at a point of known position
and terminates at a point of unknown position.
2. Closed Traverse – originates and terminates at points of
known positions.
 Closed – loop traverse – originates and terminates at
the same point
Latitude and Departure
Let:
and = Traverse Stations
= measured azimuth of reckoned from the south
= bearing angle of the line
= measured distance between and
= MPV of ground coordinates of station
= MPV of ground coordinates of station
Traverse Adjustments
 The procedure of computing the linear error of closure
and applying corrections to the individual latitudes and
departures to provide a mathematically closed figure

 Approximate methods of traverse adjustment


1. Compass Rule
2. Transit Rule
Traverse Adjustments
Compass Rule
• based on the assumption that all lengths are measured
with equal care and all angles are taken with
approximately the same precision
• the errors in the measurement are accidental and that the
total error in any side of the traverse is directly
proportional to the total length of the traverse
Traverse Adjustments
Compass Rule

Important Remark:
To determine the adjusted latitude of any line of the traverse,
the latitude correction is either added to or subtracted form
the computed latitude of the course.
The rule is:
If the summation of the departure and latitude is positive
subtract the correction to its respective departure and
latitude if negative add the correction.
Traverse Adjustments
Transit Rule
• based on the assumption that the angular measurements
are more precise than the linear measurements and that
the errors in traversing are accidental.
• The correction to be applied to the latitude (or departure)
of any course is equal to the latitude (or departure) of the
course multiplied by the ratio of the total closure in
latitude ( or departure ) to the arithmetical sum of all the
latitudes ( or departure ) of the traverse
Traverse Adjustments
Transit Rule
Important Remark:
To determine the adjusted latitude of any line of the traverse,
the latitude correction is either added to or subtracted from
the computed latitude of the course.
The rule is: if the sum of the north latitudes exceeds the sum
of the south latitudes, latitudes corrections are subtracted
from north latitudes and added to corresponding south
latitudes. However, if the sum of the south latitudes, exceeds
the sum of the north latitudes, the corrections are applied
oppositely. A similar procedure is used when adjusting the
departure
Traverse Adjustments
Adjusted Leghts and Direction
After the latitudes and departures of the course of a closed
traverse have so adjusted, the bearings ( or azimuth ) of the
course and their lengths should also be adjusted to
correspond to the adjusted latitudes and departures.
Example: Compute the latitudes and departures of the traverse

Line Bearing Distance


1-2 N 36°40' W 44.65
2-3 N 35°00' E 16.41
3-4 S 46°04' E 39.90
4-1 S 28°01' W 24.46
SUMS 125.42

Calculator Technique 1:

Polar Coordinates to Rectangular Coordinates


Shift > Rec > (Distance , Bearing)

Rectangular Coordinates to Polar Coordinates


Shift > Pol > (Lat , Dep)
Example: Compute the latitudes and departures of the traverse

Calculator Technique 2:
Example: Compute the latitudes and departures of the traverse

Latitude (m) Deoarture


Line Bearing Distance
+ North - South + East - West
1-2 N 36°40' W 44.65 35.81 26.66
2-3 N 35°00' E 16.41 13.44 9.41
3-4 S 46°04' E 39.90 27.68 28.73
4-1 S 28°01' W 24.46 21.59 11.49
SUMS 125.42 -0.02 -0.01
Linear Error of Closure

Refers to the length and bearing of line segment joining the


initial and terminal point of a closed traverse.
Linear Error of Closure
Example: Compute the Linear Error of Closure
Relative Error of Closure

s the linear error of closure divided by the perimeter also


called accuracy.
Example: Compute the Relative Error of Closure
Example: Compute the Relative Error of Closure
Example: Compute the Relative Error of Closure
COMPASS RULE
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Compass Rule
Transit RULE
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Transit Rule
Traverse Adjustments
Balancing The Traverse
In a closed traverse the following conditions must be
satisfied:
Traverse Adjustments
Traverse Adjustments
Traverse Adjustments
Traverse Adjustments
Traverse Adjustments
Traverse Adjustments
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR TIME TODAY.
ANY QUESTIONS?

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