1.

Answer any eight questions: 2x8=16

a. Calculate AM from the following data: 10, 20, 15, 18, 30.
b. Define mutually exclusive events.
c. What are the probabilities of an impossible event and a certain event?
d. Mention the two properties of correlation coefficient.
e. If the correlation coefficient between two variables and is and , then find the
value of .
f. Define price index number and quantity index number.
g. What do you mean by cost of living index number?
h. Write the main objectives of time series analysis.
i. What do you mean by seasonal variations in time series analysis?
j. Define parameter.
k. In what situations stratified sampling is used to draw a sample from a population?

2. (a) (1) Prove that for any two non-zero numbers . 3

(2) Find standard deviation and coefficient for variation from the following series: 6
Class Interval: 5– 15 – 25 25 – 35 35 – 45 – 55
15 45
Frequency: 8 12 15 9 6
Or
(b) (1) Why is standard deviation considered to be the best measures of dispersion? 3
(2) Calculate median from the following distribution: 6
Marks: 0 -10 10 – 20
20 – 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
30
No. of Students: 4 6 10 15 12 6
3. (a) (1) Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting same face on both the
coins. 3
(2) A problem is given to three students A, B and C. The probability of solving the problem by A, B
and C are 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 respectively. Find the probability that the problem will be solved.
5
(3) A random variable X has the following probability distribution:
: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

:
Find the value of and . 3+2=5
Or
(b) (1) Find the probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays. 3
(2) A random variable X has the following probability distribution:
: 1 4 7
1/ 1/2 1/4
:
4
Find . 3
(3) A binomial variable X has mean 6 and variance 4. Find the probability distribution of X.
3
(4) A normal variate X has a mean 50 and standard deviation 5. Find the probability that X lies
between 40 and 60. 4
4. (a) (1) Prove that coefficient of correlation is the geometric mean of the two regression coefficients.
3

(2) If the two regression equations are and , what should be the means of
and ? 4
(3) Find the correlation coefficient from the data given below: 6
: 105 120 95 150 130
: 100 115 110 135 115
Or
(b) (1) What is meant by correlation? Distinguish between positive, negative and zero correlations.
3
(2) Calculate the coefficient of rank correlation from the data given below: 5
: 92 8 86 87 8 71 77 6 53 50
9 3 3
: 86 8 77 91 6 52 85 8 57 57
3 8 2
(3) Derive the regression line of X and Y from the following data: 5

5. (a) (1) What are NSE SENSEX and NSE NIFTY? 3

(2) From the data given below, prove that Fisher index number satisfies time reversal test:
5
Item
s
A 4 20 6 10
B 3 15 5 23
C 2 25 3 15
D 5 10 4 40
(3) The following table gives the index number of different groups of items with their respective
weights for 2020 (base year 2010):
Group Group Index No. Weight
Food 525 40
Closin 325 16
g
Fuel 240 15
Rent 180 20
Others 200 9
Calculate the overall cost of living index number and interpret the results. 4+1=5
Or
(b) (1) Write the three uses of cost of living index number. 3
(2) Prove that Fisher index number satisfies time reversal test and factor reversal test. 5
(3) Find the price index number from the following data using Paasche and Laspeyres index: 5
Base Year Current Year
Item Price Quantity Price Quantity
 A 6 50 6 72
B 7 84 10 80
C 10 80 12 96
D 4 20 5 30
6. (a) (1) Write the two models used for studying time series analysis. 3
(2) From the data given below, find the straight line trend by using the method of least squares:
Year: 1968 196 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
9
Value: 80 90 92 83 94 99 92 110 100
Also estimate the value for the year 1980. 8
Or
(b) (1) What are the components of time series? Discuss any one of them. 2+3=5
(2) Calculate the seasonal index for the following data by using the method of simple average
(assuming that the trend is absent): 6
Year
1991 72 68 80 70
1992 76 70 82 74
1993 74 66 84 80
1994 76 74 84 78
1995 78 74 86 82
7. (a) What is simple random sampling? Explain lottery method used to draw a simple random sample
from a population. 5
Or
(b) What do you mean by the standard error of a statistic? A random sample of size 100 has mean 15,
the population variance is 25. Find the interval estimate of the population mean with confidence level
of (1) 99% and (2) 95%. 2+3=5
Paper 2

1. Answer any eight questions of the following: 2x8=16

a. Define cross-sectional data. Give an example.
b. If the geometric mean of x, 4, 8 is 6; then find the value of x.
c. What are the limitations of the classical approach to probability?
d. Define equally likely events with an example.
e. What do you mean by regression analysis?
f. Why are index numbers known as economic barometer?
g. Define price index number and quantity index number.
h. What are the components of a time series?
i. Calculate the range and its coefficient from the following data: 12, 8, 9, 10, 4, 14, 15.
j. Give the definitions of parameters and statistics.
k. Mention the methods of non-random sampling.
2. (a) (1) What are the requisites of a good average? 3
(2) In a factory employing 3,000 persons, 5 percent earn less than Rs. 150 per day, 580 earn from Rs.
151 to Rs. 200 per day, 30 percent earn from Rs. 201 to Rs. 250 per day, 500 earn from Rs. 251 to Rs.
300 per day, 20 percent earn from Rs. 301 to Rs. 350 per day and the rest earn Rs. 351 or more per
day. Find the median wage of the employees in that factory. 4
(3) Define skewness. 2
Or
(b) (1) Find the geometric mean of two numbers if their arithmetic mean is 15 and the harmonic mean
is 9.6. 1
(2) Find the standard deviation from the following frequency distribution: 5
Weight: 44 – 46 46 – 48 48 – 50 50 – 52 52 – 54
Frequency: 3 24 27 21 5
(3) Which is the best measure of dispersion? Explain why. 1+2=3
3. (a) (1) Define event. 1
(2) Can two events be mutually exclusive and independent simultaneously? Support your answer with
an example. 1+2
(3) Find the probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays. 3
(4) Discuss the importance of probability theory in business decision making. 4
(5) What are the assumptions or conditions for binomial distribution? 2
Or
(b) (1) A bag contains 6 red and 8 green balls. If two balls are drawn at random, then what is the
probability that one is red and the other is green? 3
(2) State the Bayes’ theorem. 2
(3) Ten coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least seven heads. 6
(4) Under what conditions normal distribution is regarded as the limiting form of binomial
distribution? 2
4. (a) (1) State the properties of Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Give the interpretations
when the correlation coefficient takes the values 0, 1 and – 1. 3+2=5
(2) Given the two regression equations: and , Find the
coefficient of correlation between X and Y. 5
(3) If X and Y are two variables, then how many regression lines can we have? Explain briefly.
1+2=3
Or
(b) (1) Define correlation analysis. Discuss different types of correlation. 3
(2) What do you mean by regression analysis? Write the four properties of regression coefficients.
1+4=5
(3) Compute the coefficient of correlation from the following results: 5

5. (a) (1) Define index numbers. What are different types of index numbers? Name each of them.
2+3=5
(2) From the following data, calculate the quantity index number by using Laspeyre’s formula:
5
Base Year Current Year
Item Price (in Rs.) Quantity Price (in Quantity
s Rs.)
A 5 50 10 56
B 3 100 4 120
C 4 60 6 60
D 11 30 14 24
E 7 40 10 36
(3) What is the importance of consumer price index? 3
Or
(b) (1) Which index number is considered as the ideal one and why? 1+2=3
(2) Calculate the cost of living index from the given data: 5
Group Index Number Weights
Clothing 360 60
Food 298 5
Fuel and lighting 287 7
House rent 110 8
Miscellaneous 315 20
(3) What are the tests to check the adequacy of index numbers? Explain. 1+4=5
6. (a) (1) What is time series? Explain briefly its main components. 1+4=5
(2) Calculate the trend values by using 3 yearly moving averages for the following data: 3
Year: 2008 200 2010 2011 201 2013
9 2
Production 77 88 94 85 91 98
:
(3) Define seasonal index. What are the methods to construct seasonal indices? 1+2=3
Or
(b) (1) What do you mean by a seasonal variation? Give a reason why we should remove the seasonal
effects from a given time series. 1+2=3
(2) Following table gives the figures of production (in thousand quintals) of a sugar factory:
 Year: 2014 2015 2016 201 2018 2019 2020
7
Production 80 90 92 83 94 99 92
:
Fit a straight line trend to the given data. Plot the data points on graph and show the trend line. Also
find the production for the year 2021. 4+2+2=8
7. (a) (1) What are the principles of sampling? 2
(2) Write a short note on one of the non-random sampling methods. 3
Or
(b) (1) Mention any two drawbacks of simple random sampling. 2
(2) Distinguish between stratified random sampling and cluster sampling. 3