JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

JEE ADVANCED: Conic Section

 JEE ADVANCED: Matrices & Determinants
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JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE ADVANCED SYLLABUS

Conics
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

PARABOLA
PARABOLA

● BASICS OF CONICS
● GENERAL EQUATION of Any SECOND DEGREE CURVE
● POSITION OF POINT w.r.t PARABOLA
● CONDITION OF TANGENCY
● EQUATION OF TANGENTS IN DIFFERENT FORMS
● POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO TANGENTS
● DIRECTOR CIRCLE OF PARABOLA
● EQUATION OF A CHORD
● LENGTH OF FOCAL CHORD
● CHORD OF CONTACT
● EQUATIONS OF NORMAL IN DIFFERENT FORMS
● POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO NORMALS
● POLE AND POLAR
● DIAMETER OF CONIC
● PROPERTIES OF CO-NORMAL POINTS
● PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

PARABOLA

The locus of a point in a plane having distance from the fixed point and the
fixed straight line (Directrix) should always be the same, is a Parabola.

M P ( x , y)
PS Fixed line
= e(eccentricity)
PM (directrix)

If e = 1, the conic is called as parabola.

S Fixed point
(focus)
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Standard Form of Parabola

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Standard Form of Parabola

Standard form y2 = 4ax y2 = -4ax x2 = 4ay x2 = -4ay

Coordinates of vertex (0, 0) (0, 0) (0, 0) (0, 0)

Focal distance of a point x+a a-x y+a a-y

P(x, y)

Parametric coordinates (at2, 2at) (-at2, 2at) (2at, at2) (2at, -at2)

Parametric equations x = at2, x = -at2, x = 2at, x = 2at,

y = 2at y = 2at y = at2 y = -at2
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

General Equation of a Conic

The equation of conics is represented by the general equation of second degree

ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Conditions of Conics

The equation of conics is represented by the general equation of second

degree
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0 -----(i)
and discriminant of above equation is represented by Δ, where
Δ = abc+2fgh - af2 - bg2 - ch2
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Conditions of Conics
Case I: When Δ=0
In this case equation (i) represents the degenerate conic

Condition Nature of conic

Δ = 0 and ab-h2=0 A pair of coincident straight lines

Δ = 0 and ab-h2<0 A pair of intersecting straight lines

Δ = 0 and ab-h2>0 A point

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Conditions of Conics
Case II: When Δ≠0

Condition Nature of conic

Δ ≠ 0 , h=0, a=b A circle

Δ ≠ 0 and ab-h2=0 A parabola

Δ ≠ 0 and ab-h2>0 An ellipse

Δ ≠ 0 and ab-h2<0 A hyperbola

2 A rectangular hyperbola
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
SHORTCUT to Identify Any Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
SHORTCUT to Identify Any Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola

ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
POSITION OF POINT w.r.t PARABOLA

Let, S1 = y12- 4ax1

● If S1 > 0, P lies outside the parabola
● If S1 = 0, P lies outside on the parabola
● If S1 < 0, P lies inside the parabola
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Problems on POSITION OF POINT w.r.t PARABOLA

Q. Range of values of k for which the point (k, -1)

is exterior to both the parabolas y2=|x| is
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Solution:
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
CONDITION OF TANGENCY

Condition of
Parabola Line Points of contact
tangency

y2 = 4ax y = mx + c
y2 = - 4ax y = mx + c
x2 = 4ay x = my + c
x2 = - 4ay x = my + c
JEE ADVANCED: Matrices & Determinants
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Equation of Tangent in different forms:

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Equation of Tangent in Parametric forms:

JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Equation of Tangent in Slope forms:
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. If 2p2 - 3q2 + 4pq - p = 0 and a variable line px + qy = 1

always touches a parabola whose axis is parallel to A (y - 4)2 = 24(x - 2)
X-axis, then equation of the parabola is
B (y - 3)2 = 12(x − 1)

C (y - 4)2 = 12(x − 2)

D (y - 2)2 = 24(x - 4)
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. If 2p2 - 3q2 + 4pq - p = 0 and a variable line px + qy = 1

always touches a parabola whose axis is parallel to X-axis,
then equation of the parabola is

A (y - 4)2 = 24(x - 2)

B (y - 3)2 = 12(x − 1)

C (y - 4)2 = 12(x − 2)

D (y - 2)2 = 24(x - 4)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO TANGENTS
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO TANGENTS
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO TANGENTS
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
DIRECTOR CIRCLE OF PARABOLA

● The locus of the point of intersection of perpendicular

tangents to a conic is known as its director circle.

● The director circle of a parabola is its directrix.

(CIRCLE of INFINITE radius)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
DIRECTOR CIRCLE OF PARABOLA

NOTE:
As for a parabola, the directrix is the director circle, so
equation is the same.

Case 1: When the vertex is at origin, i.e., at (0,0), then the

equation is x + a = 0

Case 2: When the vertex is not at the origin but at (h, k),
the equation becomes x = h - a.
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
AUXILIARY CIRCLE OF CONICS

Auxiliary circle for any conic: An auxiliary circle is a circle whose

center is the same as the center of a conic section, and whose
radius is the length of the conic section’s semi-major axis.
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
AUXILIARY CIRCLE OF PARABOLA

● Auxiliary circle for parabola is tangent at vertex to the parabola.

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

EQUATION OF A CHORD

1. The equation of chord joining the points

P (x1,y1) and Q (x2,y2) on the parabola y2 = 4ax is
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
CONDITION FOR a CHORD TO BE A FOCAL CHORD

The chord joining (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) passes through focus if t1t2 = - 1.
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

LENGTH OF FOCAL CHORD

The length of focal length chord joining
P (at12, 2at1) and Q (at22, 2at2) is PQ= a(t2-t1)2

= a(t + 1/t)2

Or

Length of focal length = 4acosec2θ

JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let PQ, be a focal chord of the parabola

y2 = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q
meet at a point lying on the line y= 2x + a, a > 0.
(i) The length of chord PQ is

A 7a

B 5a

C 2a

D 3a
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let PQ, be a focal chord of the parabola

y2 = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q
meet at a point lying on the line y= 2x + a, a > 0.
(i) The length of chord PQ is

A 7a

B 5a

C 2a

D 3a
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let PQ, be a focal chord of the parabola

y2 = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q
meet at a point lying on the line y= 2x + a, a > 0.
(ii) If chord PQ subtends an angle θ at the vertex
of y2 = 4ax, then tanθ =

A 2√7/3

B -2√7/3

C 2√5/3

D -2√5/3
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let PQ, be a focal chord of the parabola

y2 = 4ax. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q
meet at a point lying on the line y= 2x + a, a > 0.
(ii) If chord PQ subtends an angle θ at the vertex
of y2 = 4ax, then tanθ =

A 2√7/3

B -2√7/3

C 2√5/3

D -2√5/3
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
CHORD OF CONTACT
● Area of triangle formed by tangents from P(x1, y1) and the

Chord of contact is:

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
DHYAN se SUNO !!

● Chord of Contact: T = 0
● Chord if midpoint is given: T = S1
● Pair of Tangents: T2 = S×S1
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE Advanced 2017 : Paper 1

D
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Solution:
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Solution:
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

JEE Advanced 2017 : Paper 1

D
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Equation of Normal in different forms
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Equation of Normal in Parametric & Slope forms:
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. How many normals can be drawn to

parabola y2 = 4x from point (15, 12)? Find
their equations. Also, find corresponding
feet of normals on the parabola.
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE Advanced 2015 : Paper 1

Q. If the normal of the parabola y2=4x drawn at the end points of

its latus rectum are tangents to the circle (x-3)2+(y+2)2=r2,
then the value of r2 is________.
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Solution:
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE Advanced 2014 : Paper 2
Q. If st=1, then the tangent at P and the normal at
S to the parabola meet at a point whose ordinate
is

D
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Solution:
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
JEE Advanced 2014 : Paper 2

Q. If st=1, then the tangent at P and the normal at S

to the parabola meet at a point whose ordinate is

B
C

D
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. The tangent PT and the normal PN to the

parabola y2=4ax at a point P on it meet its
axis at points T and N, respectively. The
locus of the centroid of the ΔPTN is a
parabola whose

A Vertex = (2a/3,0)

B Directrix is x=0

C Latus rectum =(2a/3)

D Focus =(a,0)
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. The tangent PT and the normal PN to the

parabola y2=4ax at a point P on it meet its
axis at points T and N, respectively. The
locus of the centroid of the ΔPTN is a
parabola whose
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Solution:
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. The tangent PT and the normal PN to the parabola

y2=4ax at a point P on it meet its axis at points T and
N, respectively. The locus of the centroid of the
ΔPTN is a parabola whose

A Vertex = (2a/3,0)

B Directrix is x=0

C Latus rectum =(2a/3)

D Focus =(a,0)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF TWO NORMALS

Point of intersection of the normals to the parabola y2=4ax at t1 and t2 are

(2a+a(t12+t22+t1t2), - at1t2(t1+t2).
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
IMPORTANT RESULTS

If the normal at one point P(at12, 2at1) intersects the parabola again at Q(at22, 2at2)

then
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Proof:
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
FEW RESULTS to NOTE

If the normal at point P(at12, 2at1) and Q(at22, 2at2) intersect the parabola again at
R(at32, 2at3) then
● t1t2 = 2
● t3 = -(t1 + t2)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
SUB TANGENT & SUB NORMAL of a PARABOLA
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
SUB TANGENT & SUB NORMAL of a PARABOLA

● Length of subtangent at any point P(x, y) on the parabola y2 = 4ax equals twice
the abscissa of point P. Also note that subtangent is bisected at vertex.

● Length of subnormal is constant for all points on parabola and is equal to semi
latus rectum.
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
3 CONCURRENT NORMALS - Co Normal Points
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
3 CONCURRENT NORMALS
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF CO-NORMAL POINTS

● The algebraic sum of the slopes of three concurrent normals is zero.

● The algebraic sum of ordinates of the feets of three normals drawn to

a parabola from a given point is zero.
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF CO-NORMAL POINTS

● Three real normals can be drawn to any parabola y2 = 4ax

from a given point (h, k) if h > 2a.
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF CO-NORMAL POINTS

● The centroid of the triangle formed by

the feet of the three normals lies on the axis of the
parabola.
● Centroid of triangle ABC is G((2h - 4a)/3, 0).
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
DIAMETER OF any CONIC

● The diameter of a conic is a straight line that

connects the midpoints of parallel chords of the
conic.
● The midpoints of these chords are collinear points.
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
IMPORTANT PROPERTY OF PARABOLA

● Tangent at extremities of focal chord are perpendicular and intersect on directrix.

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA

● Circle described on focal length as diameter touches tangent at vertex

x=0

(o,at)B
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA
● Circle describe on focal chord as diameter touches directrix
x=-a
(at2, 2at)
P

Q
(a/t2, -2a/t)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA

● Reflection Property : ST = SN = SP
P

T S(a, o) N
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA
● Tangent at the extremities of focal chord intersect at right angle on directrix
x=-a

90o S (a,o)

B
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA
● The portion of tangent to the parabola intercepted between directrix and the curve
subtends a right angle at focus.
x=-a

Q 90o

S
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA

● The area of triangle formed by three points on a parabola is twice the

area of triangle formed by tangents at these points
● Area(Δ POR) = 2.Area(Δ formed by tangents at P, Q, R)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA

If tangent at P and Q intersect at T then

● TP and TQ subtend equal angle at focus
● ST2 = SP x SQ
● Triangle SPT and STQ are similar
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA

● Tangent and normal at extremities of LR constitute a square,

their point of intersection being (-a, 0) and (3a, 0)
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA

Semi latus rectum is harmonic mean between segments of any focal chord of parabola .

A
l1

S
l2

B
JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let A,B and C be three distinct points on y2=8x

such that normals at three points are concurrent at
P. The slope of AB is 2 and abscissa of centroid of
ΔABC is 4/3 . Which of the following is/are correct?

A Area of ΔABC is 8 sq.units

B Coordinates of P≡(6,0)

C Angles between normals are 45°, 45°, 90°

D Angles between normals are 30°, 30°, 60°

JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let A,B and C be three distinct points on y2=8x

such that normals at three points are concurrent at
P. The slope of AB is 2 and abscissa of centroid of
ΔABC is 4/3 . Which of the following is/are correct?
 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
Solution:

Area of ΔABC = 8 sq.units

Angles between normals are 45°, 45°, 90°

JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA

Q. Let A,B and C be three distinct points on y2=8x

such that normals at three points are concurrent at
P. The slope of AB is 2 and abscissa of centroid of
ΔABC is 4/3 . Which of the following is/are correct?

A Area of ΔABC is 8 sq.units

B Coordinates of P≡(6,0)

C Angles between normals are 45°, 45°, 90°

D Angles between normals are 30°, 30°, 60°

 JEE ADVANCED: Conics-PARABOLA
POLE AND POLAR

● Let P be any point inside or outside a parabola. Suppose a straight line

drawn through P intersect the parabola at Q and R. Then the locus of
point of intersection of the tangents to the parabola at Q and R is called
the polar of given P with respect to the parabola and point P is called
the pole of the polar.
● Equation of the Polar of the point P(x1,y1) w.r.t. the parabola y2=4ax is
yy1=2 a(x+x1)

Note: The polar of the focus of the parabola is the directrix.