History of PH Literature

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The Short History of
Philippine Literature
Objectives Identify the different
literary periods in
Philippine history
Describe the
characteristics common
in these literary periods
Analyze literary texts
from different periods
The Pre-
Colonial Period
Pre-Colonial Period
Oral traditions
Used writing form

(Baybayin)
Pre-Colonial Period
Used native
materials for writing
Communal
Authorship
Pre-Colonial Period
Burned by Spaniards
Geography and
resistance
Literature Types
Myth Epic Folktales Riddles
Stories of gods Story of a hero Story of the A guessing game
and goddeses with elements of common folk
the supernatural
Legends Folklore Folk Songs Salawikain
Origin of things, Oral traditions that Repetitve and Proverbial sayings
animals,fruits, etc. are passed down Playful melodies used to teach
through morals
generations
Myth
Stories that make use of gods, goddesses, and other fantastical
creatures as characters
means for our ancestors to explain the occurrence of supernatural
events, the beginning of cultural traditions, and the existence of
mysteries
A myth may also attempt to explain the origin of the world and of
the people
Legends
Believed to be historical but cannot be verified as
true
Often about famous persons or events
may tell of an encounter with marvelous
creatures, which the folks still believe in: fairies,
ghosts, water spirits, the devil, and the like
Folktales
Prose narratives usually told to amuse or
entertain
Instructional in nature
Deal with events set in an indefinite time and
space
Epic
A long narrative poem that describes the
adventures of a hero, warrior, god, or
king
Influenced by the traditions, culture,
beliefs, moral code, and attitudes of the
people who created it
Folk songs
Repetitive, sonorous, and have a playful
melody
May be about love and courtship, a long day’s
work, or may be songs sung at a funeral
Salawikain
Short sayings enveloped in rhymed verse
Meant to give advice to the young, offering
words of wisdom or stating how one should
live
Bugtong
Perplexing questions meant to be guessed or
solved
Used for entertainment
Require one to observe, analyze, and imagine to
provide the right answer
The Spanish
Colonial Period
Characteristics of PH Lit during Spanish Regime
The first Filipino alphabet called Alibata was

replaced by the Roman alphabet.
Religious practices became based on the
teachings of Christian doctrine.
The Spanish language, which became the
literary language during this time, lent many of
its words to our language.
European legends and traditions brought here
became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and
moro-moros.
Ancient literature was collected and translated to
Tagalog and other dialects.
Our periodicals during the Spanish colonization
gained a religious tone
Literary Types and Examples
ladino
a bilingual poem with religious
themes
characterized by alternating lines or
verses in Tagalog and Spanish
The term ladino also refers to Filipinos
who were fluent in both Spanish and
Filipino
Tula ni Fernando
Bagongbanta
Salamat nang ualang hanga

gracias se den sempiternas
sa nagpasilang ng tala
al que hizo salir la estrella:
macapagpanao nang dilim
que destierre las tiniblas
sa lahat na bayan natin
de toda esta nuestra tierra.
Korrido
another narrative poem that consists
of eight syllables per line and four
lines per stanza
has a faster rhythm compared to an
awit
An example of a korido is Ibong

Adarna, which contains 1,722 stanzas
and has five parts.
Awit
a narrative poem that consists of 12
syllables per line and four lines per
stanza
has a slow rhythm and is usually
accompanied by the use of a guitar
or bandurya
expresses adoration of the Blessed
Virgin Mary as well as platonic and
courtly love
A famous example of an awit is

Francisco Balagtas’s Florante at Laura.
Pasyon
a narrative poem about the passion,
death, and resurrection of Jesus
Christ
replaced the precolonial oral
tradition that the Filipino had since
pasyon is recited in churches
consists of five-line stanzas with
eight syllables per line
The earliest known pasyon is the Ang

Mahal na Pasión ni Jesu Christong
Panginoon natin na Tola in 1704.
Platicas
lectures presented by Spanish
priests that dealt with religious,
biblical, and moral topics
In 1864, Padre Modesto de Castro

compiled 25 of his sermons in Pláticas
Doctrinales (Sermons on Doctrines).
Novenas
a series of prayers repeated for nine
consecutive days and are usually
prayers for petition and
thanksgiving.
Anecdotes
short and amusing stories that
contain lessons in life
often used by priests as part of their
sermons
Karagatan
a form of poetic contest usually
played as part of the rites held in
connection with the death of a
person
based on a legend about a lady’s
ring that fell in the middle of the sea;
the lady’s hand is offered in
marriage as a reward to any young
man who could retrieve the ring
Plays during the Spanish Regime
Tibag
Cenaculo
Moriones
Moro-moro
Sarsuwela
Panunuluyan
Salubong
Carillo
Characteristics of PH Lit during Spanish Regime
The Galleon Trade opened up

the doors to the creation of the
Middle Class
After the rise of the Ilustrado
class, the Filipinos started to
develop the spirit of
Nationalism.
The revolution was started by
the Propagandistas and was
followed by the Katipuneros
The American
Colonial Period
The American Colonial Period
Historical insights
On April 11, 1899, John Hay, the US
Secretary of State, signed an
agreement wherein Spain surrendered
the remaining colonies of the Spanish
empire, including the Philippines, to the
United States for 20 million dollars.
Education was first headed by
American soldiers, and then teachers
called the Thomasites.
Historical insights
Public education was made free, and
the medium of instruction used was
English. This created a new educated
middle class in the country.
Alongside the use of English in
education, Filipinos learned American
models of thought, culture, and ways
of life.
Literary Impact
An initial boom in literature in Spanish
before English became more
widespread through promotion and
schooling.
Comics and satirical editorial cartoons
began appearing in publications.
Tagalog drama went from merely a
form of entertainment to an expression
of revolt.
Literary Impact
English sarsuwela (stage musicals)
began to emerge.
Filipino writers became apprentices to
American writers, first learning to
emulate their styles before creating
their own.
Essays and short stories became
popular literary mediums.

History of PH Literature

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History of PH Literature

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Quiz Time!

Used writing form

The first Filipino alphabet called Alibata was

Salamat nang ualang hanga

An example of a korido is Ibong

A famous example of an awit is

The earliest known pasyon is the Ang

In 1864, Padre Modesto de Castro

The Galleon Trade opened up

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