By – Rahul Agrahari

BASIC CONCEPT
STATEMENT :- Key words
SOME SOME NOT
ALL NO
QUANTIFIER :-
(i) UNIVERSEL :- All, No,……………….etc.
(ii) PARTICULAR :- Some, Few, At least, ……….etc.
 BASIC CONCEPT
CONCLUSION :- Key words.
At least some :- Definite
Can be :- Possibility
Can never be :- Definite
 TYPE OF STATEMENTS
Four Type :-
(i)All A's are B's
(ii) No A's are B's
(iii) Some A's are B's
(iv) Some A's are not B's
 All A's are B's
All information about A Some information about B
Basic Diagram :- Possible Diagram :-
(i) A :- All possibility (i) All B can be A.
Zero.

A A,B
 No A's are B's
All information about A All information about B
Basic Diagram (i) Some A are B being
(i) No A's are B's a possibility. [ X ]
(ii) No B's are A's (ii) Some B are A being
a possibility. [ X ]

A B
 Some A's are B's
Meaning of Some :- Min = 1
Possible Diagram :-
Max = ( → ∞ )

Basic Diagram :- (i) All A are B being

A,B
Some A's are not B's
Basic Diagram Possible Diagram
(i) Some A are not (i) Some A are not B
B. being a possibility.
 QUESTION
STATEMENTS :- Venn Diagram :-
All road are Truck.
All Truck are Bus.
All Bus are Ship.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some Truck are Ship.
(ii) All bus are Road.
(iii) Some Road are Ship.
(iv) No Ship are Bus.
 QUESTION
STATEMENTS :-
All students are Engineer.
All Engineer are jobless.
All jobless are advisor.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some jobless are students.
(ii) All advisor are students.
(iii) No advisor are students.
(iv) Some engineer are not students.
 EXPLANATION
STATEMENTS :- Venn Diagram :-
All students are Engineer.
All Engineer are jobless.
All jobless are advisor.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some jobless are students.[ T ]
(ii) All advisor are students. [ F ]
(iii) No advisor are students. [ F ]
 QUESTION
STATEMENTS :-
(i) Some Pakistanis are honest.
(ii) All honest are terrorist.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some Pakistanis are not terrorist.
(ii) Some terrorist are not Pakistanis.
 EXPLANATION
STATEMENTS :- Venn Diagram :-
(i) Some Pakistanis are
honest.
(ii) All honest are
terrorist.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some Pakistanis are
P
not terrorist. [ F ]
(ii) Some terrorist are not
Pakistanis. [ F ]
 QUESTION
STATEMENTS :-
No boys is hardworking.
No intelligent is boys.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some hardworking are intelligent.
(ii) Some intelligent are hard working.
 EXPLANATION
STATEMENTS :- Statement are Negative.
No boys is hardworking. Conclusion are Positive.
No intelligent is boys.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) Some hardworking
are intelligent. [ F ]
(ii) Some intelligent are
hard working. [ F ]
 QUESTION
STATEMENTS :-
All Radio are Tape.
All Tape are Road.
All Road are Bus.
All Car are Bus.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) All Road are Car.
(ii) All Tape are Bus.
(iii) No Bus are Road.
(iv) Some Bus are Radio is a possibility.
 EXPLANATION
STATEMENTS :- Venn Diagram :-
All Radio are Tape.
All Tape are Road.
All Road are Bus.
All Car are Bus.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) All Road are Car. [ F ]
(ii) All Tape are Bus. [ T ]
(iii) No Bus are Road. [ F ]
(iv) Some Bus are Radio is a
possibility. [ F ]
 QUESTION
STATEMENTS :-
All Forces are Energy.
All Energy are Power.
No Power is Heat.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) No Heat is Force.
(ii) No Energy is Heat.
 EXPLANATION
STATEMENTS :- Venn Diagram :-
All Forces are Energy.
All Energy are Power.
No Power is Heat.
CONCLUSION :-
(i) No Heat is Force. [ T ]
(ii) No Energy is Heat. [ T ]
 GATE-2014
Read the statement:
All women are entrepreneurs.
Some women are doctors.
Which of the following conclusions can be logically
inferred from the above statements?
(a) All women are doctors
(b) All doctors are entrepreneurs
(c) All entrepreneurs are women
(d) Some entrepreneurs are doctors
 EXPLANATION
Read the statement:
All women are entrepreneurs. Venn Diagram :-
Some women are doctors.
Which of the following
conclusions can be logically
inferred from the above
statements?
(a) All women are doctors
(b) All doctors are
entrepreneurs
(c) All entrepreneurs are women
(d) Some entrepreneurs are
doctors [ T ]
 GATE-2014
Q:- Given below are two statements followed by two
conclusions. Assuming these statements to be true,
decide which one logically follows.
Statement:
i. All film stars are playback singers.
ii. All film directors are film stars.
Conclusions
i. All film directors are layback singers.
ii. Some film stars are film directors
(a) Only conclusion I follow
(b) Only conclusion II follows
(c) Neither conclusion I nor Ii follows
(d) Both conclusions I and II follow
 EXPLANATION
Statement:
Venn Diagram :-
i. All film stars are playback singers.
ii. All film directors are film stars.
Conclusions
i. All film directors are playback
singers.
ii. Some film stars are film directors
(a) Only conclusion I follow
(b) Only conclusion II follows
(c) Neither conclusion I nor Ii follows
(d) Both conclusions I and II follow [T]
 GATE-2015
Q:- Given below are two statements followed by two
conclusions. Assuming these statements to be true,
decide which one logically follows.
Statements:
I. No manager is a leader
II. All leaders are executive.
Conclusions:
I. No manager is a executive.
II. All executive is a manager.
(a) Only conclusion I follow
(b) Only conclusion II follows.
(c) Neither conclusion I nor II follows
(d) Both conclusion I and II follow.
 EXPLANATION
Statements:
Venn Diagram :-
I. No manager is a leader
II. All leaders are executive.
Conclusions:
I. No manager is a executive.
II. All executive is a manager.
(a) Only conclusion I follow
(b) Only conclusion II
follows.
(c) Neither conclusion I nor II
follows [ T ]
(d) Both conclusion I and II
follow.
 GATE-2015
Statements:
I. Only Circle are Rectangle.
II. No Circle is Square.
III. All Square are Chart.
Conclusions:
I. All Chart can be Square.
II. Some Square can be Chart.
 EXPLANATION
Statements:
Venn Diagram :-
I. Only Circle are Rectangle.
(All Rectangle are Circle)
II. No Circle is Square.
III. All Square are Chart.
Conclusions:
I. All Chart can be Square. [ T ]
II. Some Square can be Chart.
[F]
 SBI-PO
Statements:
I. Some Watch are Tie.
II. Some Tie are Shirt.
III. No Watch is Belt.
Conclusions:
I. Some Watch are Shirt is a possibility.
II. Some Watch are not Shirt is a possibility.
 EXPLANATION
Statements:
Venn Diagram :-
I. Some Watch are Tie.
II. Some Tie are Shirt.
III. No Watch is Belt.
Conclusions:
I. Some Watch are Shirt is a
possibility. [ T ]
II. Some Watch are not Shirt is
a possibility. [ T ]
 SBI-PO
Statements:
I. All A are B.
II. All B are C.
Conclusions:
I. Some B are C is a possibility.
II. Some A are not B is a possibility.
 EXPLANATION
Statements:
Venn Diagram :-
I. All A are B.
II. All B are C.
Conclusions:
I. Some B are C is a possibility. [ F ]
II. Some A are not B is a possibility.
[F]
 INFOSYS
Statements:
(i) Some CNG are LPG.
(ii) All LPG are Petrol.
(iii) Some Petrol are Diesel.
(iv) No Diesel is Fuel.
Conclusions:
(i) Some Petrol are CNG is a possibility.
II. Some Fuel are not Petrol is a possibility.
 EXPLANATION
Statements:
(i) Some CNG are LPG. Venn Diagram :-
(ii) All LPG are Petrol.
(iii) Some Petrol are Diesel.
(iv) No Diesel is Fuel.
Conclusions:
(i) Some Petrol are CNG is
a possibility. [ F ]
(ii) Some Fuel are not
Petrol is a possibility. [
T]
Note :- Fuel to Petrol no
information given then all
possibility correct.
 INFOSYS
Statements:
(i) No Water is Pani.
(ii) Some Pani are Soil.
(iii) All Soil are Air.
(iv) Some Air are Sand.
Conclusions:
(i) Some Soil are not Water is a possibility.
(ii) Some Soil are not Air is a possibility.
 EXPLANATION
Statements:
Venn Diagram :-
(i) No Water is Pani.
(ii) Some Pani are Soil.
(iii) All Soil are Air.
(iv) Some Air are Sand.
Conclusions:
(i) Some Soil are not
Water is a possibility.
[T]
(ii) Some Soil are not Air
is a possibility. [ F ]
 INFOSYS
Statements:
(i) No D is E.
(ii) Some E are F.
(iii) Some F are U.
Conclusions:
(i) Some F can be D.
(ii) All F can be D is a possibility.
 EXPLANATION
Statements: Venn Diagram :-
(i) No D is E.
(ii) Some E are F.
(iii) Some F are U.
Conclusions:
(i) Some F can be D. [ T ]
(ii) All F can be D. [ F ]