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Lecture Slide On Equilibrium of A Particle

Statics

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Tayani T Kumwenda
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43 views30 pages

Lecture Slide On Equilibrium of A Particle

Statics

Uploaded by

Tayani T Kumwenda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equilibrium of a Particle

Learning objectives

• distinguish reactive and active forces

• state the necessary and sufficient


conditions for equilibrium of a particle

• develop the equations of equilibrium for


a particle
3.1 Equilibrium & Free-body Diagrams
1.1 Basic Concepts

• A body exhibit signs of deformation when it is


subjected to external forces and couple
moments.
3.1 Cont…

• If the resultant force FR and resultant of couple


moments M are both equal to zero, the body or
particle will resist deformation.

• Equilibrium is a condition in which a body or


particle, subjected to a force system remains at
rest if originally at rest, or continue moving at a
constant velocity if originally in motion.
3.1 Cont…
1.2 Necessary and sufficient Conditions for Equilibrium

1. The object must be at rest or continue


moving at constant speed
velocity v = 0 acceleration a = 0
velocity v > 0 = Constant acceleration a = 0

2. The resultant force from all external forces


must give us zero
 F  0; F x
 0; F y
 0; F z
0

3. The resultant (net) moment must be zero

 M  r  F   0
o
3.1 Cont…
1.3 Application of Equilibrium
• Concept of equilibrium can be applied in
mechanics to determine internal forces and
reactive forces for any given system.

In an example of a 2-D or
coplanar force system shown

We can determine the internal


force in cables AB and AD by
applying the concept of
equilibrium once we isolate the
system at the common point A.

Fig.1 Coplanar Force System


3.1 Cont…
1.4 Free Body Diagrams FBD
• A free-body diagram (FBD) is a sketch or skeleton
of the object without supports that shows various
forces and couple moments acting on the object

FBD

y FB
30̊
FD x
A

Point of isolation
FC
3.1 Cont…
1.5 Reactions at Supports & Connections
• Forces acting on a body can be divided into
two categories.
1. Reactive forces (Reactions)
These are forces that are exerted on a body by a support to
which it is attached.

2. Active forces (Applied forces)


These are forces acting on a body that are not provided by
the supports.
3.1 Cont…
1.5-1 Common supports and their reactions
• A body subjected to coplanar force system yields
various types of reactions at point of supports
and within connections.
1. Spring
 If a spring is subjected to a force F, there will be a
reaction in the spring equal in magnitude but opposite
in direction
 This reaction is called the spring force Fs

Fs  ks
 Fy  0
k  stiffness
Fs  mg  0
s  change in length
 s  mg  0 s  l  l0
FBD
3.1 Cont…

2. Cables, cords and short member


• Cables and cords can support only a tension or “pulling” force,
while short members support both tension and compressive force
• The force along the cable, cord and short member always act in
the direction of the cable, cord or short members

FBD FBD
3.1 Cont…

3. Smooth or Rough Surface


• If an object rests on a smooth surface, then the
surface will exert a force on the object that is normal
to the surface at the point of contact.

FBD
3.1 Cont…

Other types of supports and connections


3.1 Cont…
3.1 Cont…
1.5 Equilibrium in Two Dimensions “2-D”

• If a particle is subjected to a coplanar force system,


say x–y plane, each force can be resolved into its
components

F  0
F i  F j  0
x y

To satisfy the above condition, we require;

F x  0 and F
y 0 scalar form
3.1 Cont…
Example 1

Determine the internal force in cables AB and AD for


the given coplanar force system
3.1 Cont…
Solution

1. Create FBD

2. Establish the x, y axes

3. Apply equations of equilibrium

F x 0 F
y 0 M  0

F x 0 F y 0
FB sin 30  FC  0  FB sin 30  392.4  0
FB cos30  FD sin 30  0
392.4
FB cos 30 784.8  cos 30 FB   784.8 N
FD   sin 30
sin 30 sin 30

FD  1359.3N
3.1 Cont…
1.5 Equilibrium in Three Dimensions “3-D”

• If a particle is subjected to a space force system, each


force can be resolved into x, y and z components

F  0

F i  F j  F k  0
x y z

To satisfy the above condition, we require;

F x 0 F y 0 and F z 0
3.1 Cont…
Example 2
• A 200 kg cylinder is hung by means of two cables AB
and AC , which are attached to the top of a vertical
wall. A horizontal force P perpendicular to the wall
holds the cylinder in the position shown. Determine
the magnitude of P and the tension in each cable.

x
3.1 Cont…
Solution

1. Create FBD

2. Establish the x, y, z axes

3. Resolve each force into components

Force P  P  Piˆ
weight W  w  mgjˆ  200  9.81   1962 N  ˆj

Force TAB

A 1.2, 2,0  B  0,12,8


rAB  1.2iˆ  10 ˆj  8kˆ
rAB 1.2iˆ  10 ˆj  8kˆ
uAB    0.09iˆ  0.78 ˆj  0.62kˆ
rAB 12.862

TAB  TABuAB  0.09TABiˆ  0.78TAB ˆj  0.62TAB kˆ


3.1 Cont…
Solution

3. Resolve each force into components

Force TAC

A 1.2, 2,0  B  0,12, 10 

rAC  1.2iˆ  10 ˆj  10kˆ

rAC 1.2iˆ  10 ˆj  10kˆ


uAC    0.08iˆ  0.70 ˆj  0.70kˆ
rAC 14.193

TAC  TAC uAC  0.08TAC iˆ  0.70TAC ˆj  0.70TAC kˆ


3.1 Cont…
Solution

4. Apply equations of equilibrium

F x 0 F y 0 F z 0

0.09TABiˆ  0.08TAC iˆ  Piˆ  0


 Fx  0 
 0.09TAB  0.08TAC  P  0

 Fy  0  0.78TAB ˆj  0.70TAC ˆj  1962 ˆj  0


 0.78TAB  0.70TAC  1962  0

0.62TAB kˆ  0.70TAC kˆ  0
 Fz  0 
 0.62TAB  0.70TAC  0
Hence P  235N TAB  1402 N TAC  1238N
Problems
Q1
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown.
Determine the tension in cable AC and cable BC.
Problems
Q2
Determine the required length of cord AC in the figure below so
that the 8 kg lamp can be suspended in the position shown. The
undeformed length of the spring AB is L = 0.4 m, and the spring
AB

has a spring constant “stiffness” of kAB = 300 N/m.


Problems
Q3
Determine the stretch in each spring for equilibrium of the 2kg
block as shown below. The springs are shown in the equilibrium
position.
Problems
Q4
Cable ABC has a length of 5 m. Determine the position x and the
tension developed in ABC required for equilibrium of the 100-kg
sack. Neglect the size of the pulley at B.
Problems
Q5
Three cables are used to tether a balloon as shown. Determine the
vertical force P exerted by the balloon at A knowing that the
tension in cable AB is 259 N..
Problems
Q6
Determine the magnitude of forces F1, F2, F3, so that the
particle is held in equilibrium
Problems
Q7
The three cables are used to support the 40kg flowerpot.
Determine the force developed in each cable for the system to
remain in equilibrium.
Acknowledgements

1. Meriam J. L & Kraige L. G (2002) Engineering


Mechanics: Statics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York

2. Malhotra M.M &Subramanian R (1994) Textbook of


Applied Mechanics, New Age International: New Delhi

3. Beer F.P, Johnson E.R, Elsenberg E.R & Mazuke D.F


(2010) Vector Mechanics for Engineers, 9th edition,
McGraw hill education: New York
THE
END

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