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Statics-Lecture Slide On Moments of A Force

Statics

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Tayani T Kumwenda
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36 views23 pages

Statics-Lecture Slide On Moments of A Force

Statics

Uploaded by

Tayani T Kumwenda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOMENT OF A FORCE

Learning objectives

• Define moment of a force

• Determine moment of a force acting in a


plane and space

• Determine the resultant effects of a non-


concurrent force sytem
2.4 Moment of a Force
1. Introduction

• The moment M of a force F about a fixed


point A is defined as the product of the
magnitude of force F and the perpendicular
distance d from point A to the line of action of
force F.
MA = F x d
Where force F is in newton's, N
d F
And distance d is in meters, m

Thus moment MA is in newton-meter, Nm. A

4
2.4 Moment of a Force

• Direction of Moment follows the right hand


rule

Anti-clockwise : + VE
(Counter-clockwise)

Clockwise : - VE

5
2.4 Moment of a Force
• Moment (MA) of a force F about a point A in the
figures shown can be determined by:

MA   F  d
M A   F  r cos 
2.4 Moment of a Force
2. Resultant Moment
• Resultant Moment (MR)o about a point O can be
determined by finding the algebraic sum of the
moments caused by all the forces in the system:

(M R )o   Fd

(MR )o  Fd
1 1  F2 d2  F3d3
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Example 1 (Method 1)
Calculate the moment about the base point O of a 600-
N force in the figure shown in (a).

Solution
1) The moment arm to the 600-N force is;
d  4cos 40  2sin 40  4.35m
alternatively d  r cos13.43  4.349m
Fig. 1 (a)
In which;
r  42  22  4.472
Hence;

Mo  F  d  600  4.35  2610 N  m


Mo  2610 N  m Fig. 1 (b)
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
2. Principle of Moments

• A concept often used in mechanics to determine


moments is the principle of moments, also known as
Varignon’s theorem

• Varignon’s Theorem states that “ the moment of a


force about any point is equal to the sum of the
moments of its components about the same point”.

9
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Example 1 (Varignon’s theorem)
Calculate the the moment about the base point O of a
600-N force in the figure shown in (a).
Solution

  
Mo   Fx  dy  Fy  dx 
Mo    600cos 40 4    600sin 40  2 
Fig. 1 (c)

Mo  1838.5  771.3  2610N  m

Mo  2610 N  m

Fig. 1 (d)
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Problems

1. Determine the moment of


the force about point O.

Fig. 2

2. Determine the resultant


moment produced by the
two forces about point O.

Fig. 3
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
3. Moment of A Force – Vector Formulation
• If the point at which the body tends to rotate at due to the
effects of the force F doesn’t lie perpendicular to the line
of action of F, the moment of the force F about that point
can be determined by vector formulation.

MO  r  F  N  m
r
Where is the position vector from point of
rotation O to any point on the line of action of F.

• The magnitude is determined


from the cross product
Fig. 4
M O  M O  r  F  rF sin 
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
4. Moment of A Force in Space
• Moment of a force in space is determined by first resolving
the force and the position vector into rectangular x , y , and
z components, then express these as Cartesian vector form
and finally apply the cross product.

rOA  d xiˆ  d y ˆj  d z kˆ F  Fxiˆ  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ


i j k
dx d y dz
MO  r  F 
Fx Fy Fz A

M O   yFz  zFy  iˆ   xFz  zFx  ˆj   xFy  yFx  kˆ

M ox M oy M oz
Fig.5

 N  m
MO
Magnitude M O  M ox 2  M oy 2  M oz 2 Perpendicular distance d  m
F
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
• To compute the moment MB about an arbitrary point B of a
force F applied at A;
• The position vector rOA is replaced by a
vector drawn from B to A.
• This vector is the position vector of A relative to
B and will be denoted by rA/B.
• rA/B can be obtained by subtracting rB from rA

M B  rA/ B  F
where rA/ B  d xiˆ  d y ˆj  d z kˆ
Fig. 6
d x  xA  xB d y  y A  yB d z  z A  zB

F  Fxiˆ  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Example 2
A Tension T of magnitude 10-kN is applied to the cable attached to the
top A of the rigid mast and secured to the ground at B. Determine the
moment Mz of T about the z-axis passing through the base O.

Solution
Coordinates for A and B,
A(0,15,0) while B(12,0,9). rA/ B  12iˆ  15 ˆj  9kˆ

rA/ B
Unit vector u u A/ B   0.566iˆ  0.707 ˆj  0.424kˆ
along AB rA/ B

Tension T vector T  TuA/ B  10kN (0.566iˆ  0.707 ˆj  0.424kˆ)


expression T  TuA/ B  (5.66iˆ  7.07 ˆj  4.24kˆ)kN

Moment Mz of T rO / A  0iˆ  15 ˆj  0kˆ


about z-axis
(perpendicular
to x-z plane)
M z  d xTy  d yTx  84.9kN
Fig.7
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Problem 1
The 6-m boom AB has a fixed end A. A
steel cable is stretched from the free end B
of the boom to a point C located on the
vertical wall. If the tension in the cable is
2.5 kN, determine the moment about A of
the force exerted by the cable at B. (fig.8)

Fig.8
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Problem 2
The pipe assembly is subjected to a fore of
F = (600i + 800j - 500k) N. Determine the
moment of this force about point A.

Fig.9
Problem 3
Two forces act on the rod shown in Fig.
9. Determine the resultant moment
they create about the flange at O.
Express the result as a Cartesian vector.

Fig.10
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Problem 4

Fig.a
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Additional Problems

1. The cable BC carries a tension of


750 N as shown in the figure. If
the elbow at A forms a right
angle
a) Express the tension force T at B
as a Cartesian force vector and
find its direction cosine angles
b) Calculate the magnitude of the
moment of the force T at B about
points A and O. In each case
find the perpendicular distance
“d”.
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Additional Problems
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Quiz : 20 Minutes

1. The cable AB exerts a tension of


2 kN on the fixed bracket at A.
a) Express the tension force T
at A as a Cartesian force
vector and find its direction
cosine angles.
b) Calculate the magnitude of
the moment of the tension D
force T at A about points D
and O. In each case find the
perpendicular distance “d”.
2.4 Moment of A Force (Cont.…)
Quiz : 20 Minutes

1. The diagram shows a force F =


120 N acting on a pipe assembly.
a) Express this force as a
Cartesian force vector and
find its direction cosine
angles.
b) Calculate the magnitude of
the moment of the force F
about point A.
Acknowledgements

1. Meriam J. L & Kraige L. G (2002) Engineering


Mechanics: Statics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc: New York

2. Malhotra M.M &Subramanian R (1994) Textbook of


Applied Mechanics, New Age International: New Delhi

3. Beer F.P, Johnson E.R, Elsenberg E.R & Mazuke D.F


(2010) Vector Mechanics for Engineers, 9th edition,
McGraw hill education: New York
THE
END

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