Scribd
Upload
78 views2 pages

One Sample T Test, Rejected

The document summarizes how to conduct a one-sample t-test in SPSS when the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. It provides an example where the researcher recorded the speeds of 9 passing cars to test the claim that cars travel on average 55 mph. The one-sample t-test found the average speed of 61.11 mph was significantly faster than the claimed 55 mph, t(8) = 2.475, p < .05, with a large effect size. Therefore, the null hypothesis that the average speed is 55 mph is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis that the average speed is faster.

Uploaded by

ashutosh1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views2 pages

One Sample T Test, Rejected

The document summarizes how to conduct a one-sample t-test in SPSS when the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. It provides an example where the researcher recorded the speeds of 9 passing cars to test the claim that cars travel on average 55 mph. The one-sample t-test found the average speed of 61.11 mph was significantly faster than the claimed 55 mph, t(8) = 2.475, p < .05, with a large effect size. Therefore, the null hypothesis that the average speed is 55 mph is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis that the average speed is faster.

Uploaded by

ashutosh1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

One-Sample T-Test, REJECT Ho

SPSS Guide: One-Sample T-test (Outcome: H0 Rejected)


The Government claims cars traveling past your house average 55 mph, but you think they are actually traveling much faster. You steal a police radar gun and record the speed of the next nine cars that pass your house: 45,60,65,55,65,60,50,70,60 50,60,65,55,65,60,55,75,65. (**Different Data!!) Why a one-sample t-test? You have only one sample, a claimed population average (55 mph), and no information about the standard deviation in the population ( x).

DATAVIEW

VARIABLEVIEW

You have data on only 1 variable, all from the same group, so youll use just one column. Switch to VARIABLE VIEW to name your variable speed and to set the number of decimals to 0. Hint: Use the tabs at the bottom of the screen to switch back and forth between the DATA VIEW and VARIABLE VIEW when working with your data.

Same example, but with a different (ie, faster) set of scores.


1. Go to the Analyze Menu, select Compare Means, then choose One sample t-test. 2. Select the variable speed. 3. Set Test Value equal to (in this case 55). Youre testing to see if the data you have could really come from a population with a mean of 55.

Statistical Hypotheses H 0: HA: = 55 55 This guess says any difference is just due to sample error This guess says any difference is due to a treatment effect (e.g., if you kept measuring, youd eventually see a clear partner in which the cars are going faster than 55 on average)

Jeff Sinn, Winthrop University, SPSS Guide One-sample t-test, Ho rejected (rev 9/06)

One-Sample T-Test, REJECT Ho Formula


Difference observed.

Definitions

t obtained =

x 61.11 55 = = 2.475 sx 2.469


Difference expected.

x = sample mean = population mean s x = standard error of the mean (as an est.) N = number of subjects in sample Mean = x (or M) (sample mean) Std. Deviation = s x (standard deviation as an estimate.) Std. Error Mean = s x (standard error of the mean as an est.) ---------------------------------------Test Value = (the value you selected) t = t obtained df = degrees of freedom = n - 1 sig = p obt = chance diff due to sampling error
Comparing to this hypothesized

t critical = 2.306 (from t-test table; df=n-1, two-tailed, =.05)

SPSS Output
One-Sample Statistics N 9 Mean 61.11 Std. Deviation 7.407 Std. Error Mean 2.469

speed

One-Sample Test Test Value = 55

Mean Diff = x d = effect size, a measure of practical signif.

speed

t 2.475

df 8

Sig. (2-tailed) .038

Mean Difference 6.111

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper .42 11.80

Chance that wed see a difference between the means just by luck. Because its less than 5% , we reject Ho and trust the difference as reliable.

Practical Significance

d=

x 61.11 55 = = .8249 sx 7.407

Do only if t obtained exceeds t critical . This time we did reject the Ho (we said there was a treatment effect), so we should calculate practical significance (a measure of how big any treatment effect is).The d value of .8249 indicates a large effect. This says that the t-test with 8 degrees of freedom was significant we conclude the sample mean comes from a different population. The p .05 means well be wrong no more than 5% of the time. Guide to write-ups: 1. State whether the research hypothesis was supported. 2. Summarize the statistical test 3. Summarize the practical significance (if appropriate).

Summary of Statistic: Reject Ho t(8) = 2.475, p .05

Explanation of Study Outcome: The (research) hypothesis was supported. The average speed of the cars (M = 61.11) was significantly faster than the stated speed ( = 55), t(8) = 2.475, p .05. The effect size was large, d=.8249.

Jeff Sinn, Winthrop University, SPSS Guide One-sample t-test, Ho rejected (rev 9/06)

You might also like