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Module 3

Uploaded by

Vidal Lovely O.
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Thermodynamics II

Thermo 222

Prepared by:
Engr. Fred Mark R. Dela Torre
Course Facilitator
Module 3
Reheat Cycle
The
Reheat Cycle
Introduction

Moisture is harmful to the blades of the turbine. It causes erosion and


cavitation of turbine blades. As have been observed in the previous cycle, the
moisture content increases during the later stages of the expansion process.
One solution of this problem is by reheating the steam after partial expansion
in the turbine. Reheating minimizes the moisture content and at the same time
increases the efficiency of the cycle. Steam is usually withdrawn and reheated
few degrees before the saturation point.
Diagrammatic Layout for Reheating Plant
Reheat Cycle With One Stage of Reheating
The ideal reheat cycle with one stage of
reheating is composed of the following
processes:

1-2: partial isentropic expansion in the turbine, S = C


2-3: constant pressure resuperheating in the reheater, P = C
3-4: complete isentropic expansion in the turbine, S = C
4-5: constant pressure rejection of heat in the condenser, P = C
5-B: adiabatic pumping process, S = C
B-1: constant pressure addition of heat in the boiler, P = C
Cycle Analysis
A. Heat added, QA
Energy balance Energy balance
Ein = Eout Ein = Eout

QB + hB = h1 QRH + h2 = h3

QB = h1 - hB QRH = h3 – h2

QA = QB + QRH
QA = h1 – hB + h3 – h2

For a given number of stages of reheating,


𝒏

𝑸𝑨 = 𝑸𝑩𝒐𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒓 + 𝑸𝑹𝒆𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
𝟏
where: n = number of reheaters
Cycle Analysis

B. Heat rejected, QR
h4
4 Energy balance
Ein = Eout
h4 = h5 + QR
Condenser
QR QR = h4 – h5

5
h5
Cycle Analysis

C. Engine Work, W

Energy balance
Ein = Eout
h1 + h3 = h2 + h4 + W
W = h1 – h2 + h3 – h4

Another means to determining the engine


work is by getting the sum of the work done
by the steam during the different stages of
expansion.

W = W1-2 + W3-4
W = h1 – h2 + h3 – h4
Cycle Analysis

D. Pump Work, Wp Approximate pump work


𝑾𝑷 = 𝑽𝒇𝟓 𝑷𝑩 − 𝑷𝟓

Exact pump work


𝑬𝒊𝒏 = 𝑬𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝑾 𝑷 + 𝒉𝟓 = 𝒉𝑩
𝑾 𝑷 = 𝒉 𝑩 − 𝒉𝟓
Cycle Analysis

F. Thermal Efficiency, 𝒆𝒄 G. Steam Rate, 𝒎𝒄


𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒆𝒄 = 𝒎𝒄 = ; 𝒌𝒈/𝒌𝑾𝒉
𝑸𝑨 𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒉𝟏 – 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 – 𝒉𝟒 − 𝑾𝑷
𝑸 𝑨 = 𝒉𝟏 – 𝒉𝑩 + 𝒉 𝟑 – 𝒉𝟐
But
𝒉𝑩 = 𝒉𝟓 + 𝑾 𝑷
𝑸𝑨 = 𝒉𝟏 – 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 – 𝒉𝟓 − 𝑾𝑷

𝒉𝟏 – 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 – 𝒉𝟒 − 𝑾𝑷
𝒆𝒄 =
𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 – 𝒉𝟓 − 𝑾 𝑷
The Ideal
Reheat Engine
The Ideal Reheat Engine
 The ideal reheat engine ignores the pressure drop in the reheater. The
engine is an ideal one whether there is or there is no pressure drop in the
reheater for as long as the expansion process is an isentropic one.

Engine Analysis
A. Work, W
𝑾 = 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒
B. Steam Rate, 𝒎𝒄𝒆
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝒄𝒆 =
𝑾
C. Energy Chargeable Against the Engine, 𝐸𝑐
General equation which is applicable to a reheat engine only.

𝑬𝒄 = 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒇𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒆 − 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒇𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 + 𝑸𝑹𝑯


Engine Analysis
For the given engine:
𝑬𝒄 = 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟓 + 𝑸𝑹𝑯
𝑬𝒄 = 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟓 + (𝒉𝟑 −𝒉𝟐 )
𝑬𝒄 = 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟓
D. Thermal Efficiency, 𝒆𝒆𝒆
𝑾 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒
𝒆𝒆𝒆 = =
𝑬𝒄 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟓
E. Heat Rate, HR
𝑯𝑹 = 𝒎𝒄𝒆 𝑬𝒄
Sample problem:
A reheat cycle with two stages of reheating is executed with steam expanding initially from 20
Mpa and 540 C. The two reheater pressures are 3.8 Mpa and 0.97 Mpa, and the steam leaves
each reheater at 540 C. Condensation occurs at 60 C. (a) For the ideal cycle and 1 kg/s of
steam find 𝑄𝐴 and 𝑒𝑐 , (b) For the engine and 1 kg/s of steam find W and 𝑒𝑒 .

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