Project Report

on

“INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM”

GENBA SOPANRAO MOZE

COLLEGE Of ENGINEERING

Submitted By:-
Mr. Gajanan Patale Mr. Sameer Shaikh
Mr. Pandurang Shinde Mr. Vishal Targude

Guided By:-
Prof. Shilpa Mahajan
GENBA SOPANRAO MOZE
COLLEGE Of ENGINEERING
Balewadi, Pune .

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 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
……………………………………………………....01

2. Literature Review
………………………………............................06

3. Methodology…………………………...............................09

4. Refrences
………………………………………………………….. 35

Introduction :-

An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an advanced

application which aims to provide innovative services relating to
different modes of transport and traffic management and enable users
to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter'
use of transport networks. Some of these technologies include calling
for emergency services when an accident occurs, using cameras to
enforce traffic laws or signs that mark speed limit changes depending
on conditions.

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An important metric for economic growth of any country is its
rapidincreasing in vehicle ownership. However, the indirect effect of
vehicle ownership is acute to traffic congestion. Over the last few
decades it has been seen that the initiation, development, deployment
and huge growth in transport system has significant effect of these
developments in our society and life.
The principal reason for traffic congestion in India is that the road
space and infrastructure have not improved on par with the traffic.
The direct solution for this problem is by improvements in
infrastructure is constrained by space availability and other logistics
problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore and develop
better traffic management options to ease traffic congestion. Hence,
we can redefine transport system as ITS.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an recognized route to

resolve, or in any case minimize traffic problems. Intelligent
Transportation System cover all modes of transportation air, sea, road

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and rail and it intersects a variety of components of each mode-
vehicles, infrastructure, communication and operational systems.

Various countries have developed strategies and techniques, based on

their geographic, cultural, socio-economic and environmental
surroundings, to integrate the various components into a consistent
system. In general, any of the ITS application uses a Traffic
Management Centre (TMC) where data is composed, analysed and
united with other operational and control concepts to deal with the
complex transportation problems.

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5
 LITERATURE REVIEW
ITS is an advance concept which is gradually adopted by western countries but in
Asian countries it is still facing some core issues related to infrastructure,
Government Politics and psychology of people. While going through the several
researches and methodologies related to ITS, following are some reviews of the
literatures use in this work.

2.1 ITS IN INDIA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES :-

In India, ITS is not that much compatible as that of in European and Western
countries due to the false/non practical government policies said Lelitha
Vanajakshi, Gitakrishnan Ramaduri and Asha Anand in their synthesis report
named “Intelligent Transportation System in India” published on Dec 2010. The
authors also emphasise on the reasons behind success of ITS in Western and
European countries. At the end of synthesis author highlighted the implementation
of ITS in India‟s several regions.

2.4 VISION 2032 OF INDIA TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM :-

A report
submitted by the committee of NTDPC to the office of honourable Prime minister
named as “India Transport Report- moving India to 2032” on 31 January 2014
include the graph of works projected upto 2032 to achieve vision 2032 which is
taken from the report of research wing of ministry of road transport and highways,
government of India which gives us various aspects regarding growing India in
which our future aspects can discussed & make planning to accomplish future
2031 Vision.

2.5 STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLAN FOR VISION 2032:-

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 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

A report
submitted by the research wing of Ministry of road transportation and highways,
government of India to the NTDPC for further information and necessary actions.
It includes the required steps to be taken to achieve the vision 2032 in the form of
strategies and action plan to be followed for the same.

2.6 RECENT TRENDS IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEMS :-
A report submitted by Internation Transportation Planning Socity
as “The Journey Of Transport” discussing Last two decades have seen a lot of
development in the field of transportation infrastructure even then various traffic
problems are increasing day by day.

2.7 VEHICLE SPEED ASSISTANCE IN INTELLIGENT

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM :-
A Report is submitted By The Institute
Of Engineering & Technology, Hydrabad in this report the emergence of new
technologies over the past decade, vehicle speed assistance systems in intelligent
transportation systems have frequently been discussed.

2.10 ITS FOR SMART CITIES USING VANET :-

A Report is
Submitted on International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing
on that we Can Discuss about what should be need like Smart Grid, Smart Meter,
Smart Home for making smart cities & this fulfilled BY using ITS

2.12 AN ITS FOR AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION

MANAGEMENT IN CITIES :-
ITS for monitoring and managing air and noise pollution caused by
road vehicle in cities. The system proposed dynamically routes a vehicles using ,

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Administrator

on the one hand ,it‟s particle emissions and noise indicators and on the other
hand ,a city pollution levels and defined thresholds.The system proposed in used
for pollution based road tolls or taxes.

2.13 ITS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN SMART

CITIES :-
This study is conducted on how intelligent transportation
systems contribute to environmental sustainability in smart cities. With
technologies such as electricity-driven cars and autonomous vheicals, the systems
minimize the emission of toxic substances to the environment while enhancing the
intraction of the car with its surrounding to avoid accidents.

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 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

METHODOLOGY
3.1 VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORK (VANET)

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is the technology that integrates the

capabilities of new generation wireless networks to vehicles. VANET builds a
robust Ad-Hoc network between mobile vehicles and roadside units. It is a form of
Mobile ad-hoc Network (MANET) that establishes communication among nearby
vehicles and adjacent fixed apparatus, usually described as roadside apparatus. A
MANET is generally defined as a network that has many free or autonomous
nodes often composed of mobile devices or other mobile pieces that can arrange
themselves in various ways and operate without strict network administration.
VANET can achieve affective communication between moving node by using
different ad-hoc networking tools such as Wife IEEE 802.11 b/g, WiMAX 802.10,
Bluetooth, IRA.
VANET is mainly aimed at providing safety related information and traffic
management. Safety and traffic management entails real time information and
directly affect lives of people travelling on the road. Simplicity and security of
VANET mechanism ensures greater efficiency. Safety is realized as prime attribute
of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system. The majority of all nodes in
VANET are vehicles that are able to form self-organizing networks without prior
knowledge of each other. There are wide range of applications like commercial
establishments and entertainment where VANET are deployed and it is very
necessary to add security to these networks so that damage to life and property

could not occur.

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3.2 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION (ETC) :-

As highways become
more and more important in modern transportation networks, the inefficiencies of
traditional toll collection systems tend to be unbearable for users because they
often result in long vehicle queues and traffic congestion. ETC systems seek to
address this problem by reducing the waiting time on the toll highways. Significant
reduction in the delay period will minimize unproductive fuel consumption, air
pollution, unnecessary road congestion, and increase road safety. The ETC system
was basically designed to ease traffic flow during toll collection, and it has become
an important part of ITS.
In this era of rapid technology development, conventional systems are being
replaced with automated systems. Automation minimizes human interference,
ensures reduction in time and energy, and increases efficiency. The ITS era
emerged with the revolution in computer, communication, and embedded system
technologies. ETC, as a part of ITS, has been extensively deployed to ameliorate
the traffic delay, and it has drastically improved the efficiency of road operations.

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Electronic Toll Collection

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The use of roads is rapidly increasing as the number of vehicles plying them keeps
growing, leading to high maintenance costs. Toll collection was introduced as
means of raising funds for road maintenance, but it is traditionally a slow process
prone to cause vehicular traffic congestion. Several efforts have been focused
towards making the toll collection process faster and more transparent. The
numerous advantages of the toll collection system make the whole effort
worthwhile, a few of which include revenue generation for the maintenance,
rehabilitation and reconstruction of roads, as well as road use demand management
and control. Therefore, automating this process is an indispensable task able to
bring great benefits, and will help to increase the standard of living, while
indirectly contributing to the goal of making cities smarter.
Operationally, ETC consists of three functional elements, a transponder (known as
a tag), which is an in-vehicle unit that stores a unique identification code; an
interrogator/reader with its associated antennas, which reads a transponder and
decodes its identification, also called the roadside communication unit (RCU); and
a computer system, which transmits, processes, analyses, and stores data. There are
additional components that a toll agency may use, such as a means to detect and
classify vehicles, and a data processor equipped with an extensive database for
calculating graduated tolls, receiving payment, debiting accounts, storing
transaction data for audit, transferring funds, and maintaining invalid tag flags.
Other elements include methods for providing feedback to patrons regarding
account and transaction status, as well as its use as an enforcement strategy. The
system relies on four major following components:
• • Vehicle Identification
• • Vehicle Classification
• • Transaction Processing
• • Violation Handling

• • Vehicle Identification

When a vehicle approaches the ETC lane, the system installed at the plaza
communicates with FASTag and checks for card validity and account balance.
Vehicles with valid tag (Tag registered with ETC program) and positive account
balance are allowed to cross the intersection. Other vehicles entering ETC lanes

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are guided out via ejection lane mechanism to adjacent manual cash lanes, where
they would be allowed to pass after paying toll fee and a penalty.

Vehicle Identification

Vehicle Classification
Toll charges levied on a vehicle depend on its class
whether it is Car/Jeep/Van, Truck, Bus, LCV, Multi Axle vehicles. AVC
(automatic vehicle classification) is a key element for assessment of the correct toll
tax at toll plazas and ensures accurate vehicle detection and classification. The
classification is based on axles, distance between axles, single and double wheels
and multiple vehicle heights. This is done using infra-red sensors installed at the
toll plaza. If the AVC class matches the vehicle class associated with that FASTag
the vehicle is successfully classified, else there is a class mismatch. Class
mismatch is verified by looking at video recording captured by lane camera.

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 Various Sensors used in ETC

Transaction Processing
This requires setting up of a Central Clearing House (CCH) for clearing and
settlement of toll transactions. ETC transaction file is generated for all vehicles
that cross the plaza with valid tag and positive account balance. These ETC
transaction files are relayed to CCH (Central Clearing House) for debiting
appropriate toll fee from the pre-paid account of registered vehicle and crediting
the same to respective toll collection agency. Text message is sent to the vehicle
owner for each transaction.

Violation Handling

Stolen vehicles, vehicles with class mismatch, vehicles with insufficient balance
and those that run through (cross without payment in cash lane) are blacklisted.
List of blacklisted vehicles is shared with all toll plazas. These vehicles are stopped
when they cross the next toll collection point and appropriate steps are taken.

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3.3 ADVANCE TRAVELLER INFORMATION SYSTEM (ATIS)

Advance Traveler Information System is the subfield of ITS which acquires,

analyses and present information to assist travelers moving from the origin toward
their desired destination.
ATIS is an economical method to improve all type of traffic operation. This
method gives information about real time traffic congestion and it provide the data
about speed, volume capacity and distance which can be accessed from mobile
internet also which is very good for Indian condition. It is classified as

ATS

CHANGEABLE AUTOMOTIVE GLOBAL

NAVIGATION POSITIONING
MASSAGE SIGN
SYSTEM SYSTEM

CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGN (CMS)

Changeable Message
Signs (CMS) are traffic control devices used to provide motorists
traveler information. They are commonly installed on full-span overhead
sign bridges, post-mounted on roadway shoulders, and overhead
cantilever structures. The information is most often displayed in realtime
and can be controlled either from a remote centralized location or locally
at the site. CMS are designed to affect motorist behavior to improve

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traffic flow and operations. Traveler information displayed on CMS may
be generated as a result of a planned or unplanned event, which is
programmed or scheduled by operations personnel. Examples of traveler
information include
• Travel times between known destinations
• Construction notices
• Special event notice and motorist instructions
• Maintenance operations schedule
• Pending sever weather announcement
The objective of providing the information is to allow the motorist time to avoid an
incident, prepare for unavoidable conditions, or to give travel directions. For all
information displayed the goal is to have a positive impact on the motorist‟s travel
time.

Various Messages Shown on CMS

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AUTOMOTIVE NAVIGATION SYSTEM (ANS)

Combining the use of signals from the satellites with interactive on-board maps,
GPS car navigation systems can plot routes of travel to a given destination based
on a number of variables. Some GPS car navigation systems are interconnected
with sources of traffic information, enabling them to automatically account for
construction and congestion when determining the best route. If a driver misses a
turn, GPS car navigation systems can quickly correct for the error with an updated
routing. Providing voice or visual instructions, these units also can help drivers
find the nearest gas station and important places. Mathematically, automotive
navigation is based on the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which
examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest,
fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network. Modern onboard navigation is
a complex system integrated with other vehicle systems acquiring more features of
a smartphone. Connected to the cloud, an invehicle navigation system has both
online and offline location search, 3D HD maps, voice assistance, OTA map
updates, real-time traffic information, and POI search which allows optimizing
guidance and the driving experience.

Automotive Navigation System

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a network of about 24 satellites orbiting
the Earth at an altitude of 20,000 km. The system was originally developed by the
US government for military navigation but now anyone with a GPS device, such as
mobile phone or handheld GPS unit, can receive the radio signals that the satellites
broadcast.

24 Satellite Revolving around the Earth

Wherever on the planet, at least four GPS satellites are „visible‟ at any time. Each
one transmits information about its position and the current time at regular
intervals. GPS satellites have atomic clocks on board to keep accurate time.
General and Special Relativity however predict that differences will appear
between these clocks and an identical clock on Earth. These signals, travelling at
the speed of light, are intercepted by your GPS receiver, which calculates how far
away each satellite is based on how long it took for the messages to arrive. Once it
has information on how far away at least three satellites are, your GPS receiver can
pinpoint location using a process called trilateration.

3.4 ADVANCE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ATMS)

ATMS is the subfield of Intelligent Transportation System which deals with the
management of vehicular traffic and improve its safety.

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The Advance Traffic Management System integrates solution of multiple

technologies to improve the flow of vehicle traffic improve safety and minimize
the road accident on roads using some highly advance equipment. It is classified
as:

ATMS

PARKING TRAFFIC
JUNCTION
ELECTRONIC GUIDANCE INCIDENT
EYE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM SYSTEM

JUNCTION ELECTRONIC EYE (CCTV CAMERAS)

The Junction Electronic Eyes (J-Eyes) is a sophisticated system which uses
innovative image-processing techniques and artificial intelligence for real-time
detection of congestion and incidents at traffic junctions such as heavy traffic,
vehicle breakdown and road block.

Junction Eye

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J-Eyes automatically alerts the operator of any disruption to the traffic flow so that
remedial actions can be taken quickly. This improves the traffic conditions and
safety at the road junctions. J-Eyes provides the Operations Control Centre
(OCC)with the capability to monitor traffic conditions and verify incidents in
realtime. This will enable them to make informed decisions to execute appropriate
and effective action plans to manage incidents, thus enhancing the travelling
experience for motorists. The various components of Junction Eye are described as
below:

• • Detection System (DS)

• • Surveillance System (SS)
• • Central Control and Monitoring System (CCMS)

• • Detection System (DS)

The detection camera serves as the sensor component of the DS. The DS collects
essential traffic data through video image processing of traffic scenes covered by
the strategically placed detection cameras at traffic junctions. These include
average speed, occupancy, volume and queue length of each lane. The processed
traffic data is then sent via leased lines to the junction control center computer at
LTA‟s Traffic Centre for optimum monitoring and control of the traffic junctions.
Hence, the DS acts as a virtual sensor that effectively replaces the conventional
inductive loops. When incidents occur (within the view of detection cameras), the
DS automatically alerts the LTA operator. It can also provide playback of
preincident video images for reviews on cause and effect.
• • Surveillance System (SS)

This is used to monitor the traffic area that is out of the viewing range view of the
detection camera. When an incident is detected, the nearest camera; Tilt, Zoom.
The surveillance camera can be selected to zoom into the incident detected area for
real-time incident verification and identification.
• • Central Control and Monitoring System (CCMS)

At the CCMS, all traffic data and images can be generated and reproduced for a
myriad of purposes. The electronic map also enables fast location of junctions, and
addresses. The vision-based technology is also adopted in the Intelligent

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Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS) to extract real-time traffic

information to optimize traffic flow efficiently and safety.

PARKING GUIDANCE SYSTEM

Car parking is becoming a challenge to the drivers in modern days. Continuous and
unprecedented growth of vehicles have resulted frustration of drivers in searching
for parking spaces. It is a tedious and time-consuming process to search for vacant
spaces which causes in waste of fuel. This in turn is contributing to greenhouse
emission.
With the evolution of present entity, the quantity of automobiles is enlarging
quickly and the dissimilarity between automobiles and parking areas becomes a
trouble in the congested metropolitan region. Generally parking facilities cannot
satisfy expanding parking challenges, as they are unable to supervise the
unoccupied parking spaces.
The only method to minimize the usage of parking space and reduce the waste of
fuel and time is to install a proper parking guidance system. It recommends drivers
with convenient command over parking system with fabulous characteristics and
attributes. Modern parking utilizes different advance technologies to assist
motorists find available and unoccupied spaces. It helps drivers diminish traffic
jam linked to parking and amplify the infrastructure efficiency.

Parking Guidance System

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The modern-day parking systems gives a unique method of vehicle detection using
an ultrasonic sensor. The ability to reliably detect vehicles offers certain
advantages for asset management, resource allocation, site safety and traffic
control. A wireless ultrasonic sensor is often an ideal solution for indoor or outdoor
parking. Sound waves, radar sensors, optical sensors etc. can be used to detect
objects and presence of vehicles.
In appropriate guidance system, if the driver sees a green light, it would indicate
the availability of parking space. Well timed and accurate information, will allow
motorists to make informed decisions related to parking. They are easily directed
to a low occupancy zone with the help of indicators.

TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Traffic Incident Management is a planned and coordinated program process to
detect, respond to, and remove traffic incidents and restore traffic capacity as
safely and quickly as possible to reduce the impacts of incidents on safety and
congestion, while protecting the safety of on-scene responders and the traveling
public.
When an accident occurs congestion quickly builds up and chances of a secondary
incident increases. The sooner incidents are detected, the sooner safety personnel
can respond to the incident and clear it from the roads thereby allowing traffic
lanes to re-open and traffic to return to normal conditions. TIM assists with
creating a safe work zone with proper signage and equipment for emergency crews
responding to an incident.

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Traffic Incident Management

The process can be characterized by incident management activities from detection

and verification to site management and traffic clearance which are as follows:

• Incident Detection and Verification System

• Response to Traffic accident

Incident Detection and Verification System

Getting notified about a traffic incident is the very first action in incident
management. Some commonly used incident detection and verification
technologies are CCTV, Automatic Incident Detection e.g., Add in sight, SCATS,
STREAMS) and Sentry. Most of the jurisdictions rely heavily on field units to
verify an incident. There are a range of other technologies available for traffic
management which are also used to detect incidents such as pneumatic tubes,
microwave radar, video image detection, vehicle probes, Bluetooth and mobile
phone location.

Response to Traffic accident

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To clear a traffic incident in a safe and timely manner, a proper response
necessitates understanding of the incident location, nature and scope. An efficient
response also requires the essential resources and high-level working procedures to
clear an incident. In most of the jurisdictions, response to traffic incidents is
categorized according to the nature and severity of the incident. Once the severity
of incident has been identified the next step is the activation of a suitable incident
management plan and deployment of appropriate resources to the incident site.

Working of Traffic Incident Management System

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IMPLEMENTATION OF ITS IN INDIA

India is the second largest country in the category of population. With

the increasing population the consumption of the vehicles also increases,
leading to critical burden on traffic management in the metropolitan
cities and towns of the country.A few ITS projects have been
implemented in India mainly in Metros and other big cities like Delhi,
Ahmedabad, Bangalore,Chennai, Pune, etc. These various projects are
of individual nature, and focus limited functions of the ITS, like traffic
signal management, organised parking management, public
transportation management and highway toll collection centres to name
a few. Most of these projects are pilot projects and are in primary
operating stages for future large-scale implementation.
Following are the some examples of existing intelligent transportation
system in India :

7.1 Mysore :-
Public transport should always be the hallmark of a good transportation
system for a city, especially for a city like Mysore, which is earmarked
as the “Heritage City”, as it provides good impetus to the tourist
population. The role of public transport is vital, particularly to reduce
the use of personalized transport. The Karnataka State Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC) is the major inter-city and intra-city service
provider in Mysore. KSRTC provides services to about 179,000
commuters per day by city services and about 128,000 by mofussil
services.

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Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), the
implementing agency, was established in August 1961 under the
provisions of the Road Transport Corporation Act 1950 with the
objective of providing adequate, efficient, economic and properly
coordinated road transport services.

KSRTC proposes to improve its capability in managing the entire

public transport system in Mysore more efficiently, safely and be more
Commuter and environmental friendly. This can be achieved by
introducing real time communication interlinked with buses, passengers
in vehicle, bus stations and bus-stands and KSRTC Management by
implementing intelligent transport system. KSRTC Issuing of Passes
Daily, Weekly, Monthly for commuters and examine e-purse facilities
through Smart Cards for introduction later. Instant access to
information related to bus schedules, ETA, ETD, annunciating bust
stop names, fare details, etc at bus stops, bus terminals and within the
buses and through SMS, Internet and IVRS. All of these possible with
perfect use of ITS.

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7.2 Mumbai :-
Mumbai it‟s also called Bombay is densely populated city on India‟s
west coast.A financial centre, it‟s india largest city.Mumbai has
implemented Area Traffic Control Project that deals with management
of traffic flows at major junctions. Technological help is also taken from
latest gadgets like, accelerometer guns, smart cameras for vehicle
number detection, radar sensor, etc.

7.3 New Delhi :-

In the year 2009 a pilot project known as 'The Traffic People' was
launched to provide real time traffic conditions and updates of in-
andaround New Delhi (including NCR region). Basically, with a web-
based platform, this project was initiated for providing morning and
evening peak hour traffic condition of selected locations. The idea was
also to initiate SMS service with monthly subscription charges but this
service failed to function due to weak response from the people and
unavailability of the data.

7.4 CHENNAI :-
Chennai on the Bay of Bengal in eastern India
is the capital of the State of Tamil Nadu. The City is home for Fort
St.vGeorge , built in 1644 and now a museum showcasing the city‟s
roots as a British military garrison and East India Company trading
outpost , when it was called madras. In Chennai, the Automatic Traffic
Control system, along with TRMS helps to supervise and adjust the
traffic flows without physical interference in deciding and changing the
duration of signal waiting time, by the computerized analysis of next

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three signalised intersection and its synchronization. Apart from these
systems, FM radio is also one of the significant sources of transmitting
crucial information about traffic jams, road blockages due to extreme
weather, etc.
Chennai has initiated Advance Traffic Management
System. This system comprises of putting up a complete monitoring
system using surveillance cameras for traffic rules violators, especially
at junctions, named as Traffic Regulatory Management System. Special
purpose cameras having latest technology and high resolution image
capturing capacities like Automatic Number Plate Reader cameras, Pan
Tilt Zoom cameras, and CCTV cameras have been installed at various
locations in the city, for additional help at various junctions.

7.5 BANGALORE AND HYDERABAD :-

A pilot project has been introduced where real-time traffic scenario of
major intersection and its secondary connector roads can be obtained
through internet in Bengaluru and Hyderabad. The real-time images are
available 24 by 7 on this internet based portal for these major
intersections and these images are updated at every 15 second interval.
In addition to internet advisory information system, SMS based system
is also available to the road users and motorists to get the updates for
traffic jams and restricted accesses due to ongoing construction and
maintenance activities. This facility has been made available to the
public for free, but prior registration has to be done to avail of these
updates. The subscribers get these updates twice a day, i.e., in morning
and evening peak hours.

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OTHERS :-
In India there are several Several Electronic Toll Collection pilot
projects have been made for major national highways, such as
Chandigarh-Parwanoon NH-5 and Ahmedabad-Mumbai highway. Best
Example Example of ITS use in electronic toll Collection is Fast-Tag.

ITS is widely used in Bus Rapid Transit Systems projects and Metro
projects. Major ITS techniques applied projects are signal priority,
vehicle tracking, surveillance and automatic fare collection. BRTS
projects in the cities like Pune, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Indore, Mumbai,
Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Jaipur, Madurai, Nagpur,
Vijayawada, and Visakhapatnam and metro projects Delhi, Mumbai,
Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Kochi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad,
Nagpur, Pune, Luckhow, etc. have wide range of ITS applications.
Advanced Parking Management System (APMS) is also one of the
initiatives that involves application of ITS. Electronic Parking Guidance
and VMS Smart Cards are a few technological solutions to parking
management adopted in India. In Delhi, APMS has been applied and is
under implementation at few parking lots and multi-level car parking for

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example, parking lot at Palika Bazar and automated multi-level parking
in Sarojini Nagar Market, which are under execution.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF ITS IN INDIA

The rapidly advancing economy of India, in par with the rest of the
world has resulted in a phenomenal increase in use of personal
automobiles on Indian urban roads. The cumulative growth of the
Passenger Vehicles segment in India during April 2007 March 2008 was
12.17 per cent. In 2007-08 alone. 9.6 million Motorized vehicles were
sold in India. It is expected that India will surpass China as the fastest
growing car market within the next few years.

11.1 Economy:
Induced automobile usage is complicated further by the constant in
flux of rural population in to urban areas, thus making enormous
demands on the transportation infrastructure in an Overloaded region.
In 2001, India had 35 cities with a population of more than one
million people. The heterogeneity of economy and the physical limit
on how much additional infrastructure a city can hold complicate
transport management further.
Some of the main issues facing the deployment of ITS in developing
countries like India, reported by a World Bank study are: an under
developed road network, severe budget restrictions, explosive
urbanization and growth, lack of resources for maintenance and

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operation, less demand for automation, lack of interest among

government decision makers, and lack of user awareness.
While a number of small scale ITS projects have been introduced in
various cities in India including New Delhi. Pune, Bangalore, Indore
and Chennai-these systems have focused on isolated deployments
such as of parking information, area-wide signal control, advanced
toll collection, web based traveller information etc. Most of these are
small-scale single-city based pilot studies. At present, there are not
many comprehensive, fully developed ITS applications with traffic
management centres in India. Thus, it can be seen that the penetration
of ITS in Indian road scenario is relatively less and much more is
needed to be done. To make this a reality. There is a need for more
systematic approach to the ITS implementation.

Some of specific actions required to meet the challenges to

ITS in India include:

• Evolving a national ITS standard for different ITS applications

and their components
• Setting up a national ITS clearing house that documents all ITS
projects with details on the design, implementation, lessons
learned or best practices, and cost-benefit details
• Setting up fully functional Traffic Management Centres for
coordinating the urban and regional ITS activities
• Developing and implementing automated traffic data collection
methodologies,
• Developing a national ITS data archive.
• Developing models and algorithms suitable for ITS
implementations
• Fostering more interaction between academia, industries and
governmental agencies to generate more interest and in turn

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Administrator

 projects in the ITS area.

11.2 Infra Structures:

A part from data collection and management, there is a need to

improve road and highway infrastructure to channel the burgeoning
traffic into less congested routes. Major metropolitan cities are
continually addressing this issue by building fly over sand subways,
widening roads and designating one-way roads during peak hours.
The infrastructures grow this, however, restricted by space constraints
and cannot by itself solve the problems that plague the Indian roads
today.

Another important approach to ITS is to advance public transportation

as a competitive alternative to private transport. India is the second
largest producer of buses, accounting for 16 per cent of world's total
bus production. Improving the quality of public transportation will
encourage more usage and there for help in transportation
management

11.3 Social Scheme:

Carpooling is being increasingly considered in the developed countries to
solve issues of pollution and traffic snarls during peak hours. There have
been some trials on the enforcement of carpooling in a few Indian metros.

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For example, the Mumbai Environmental Social Network has promoted a

web and SMS-based pooling system. Bangalore Transport Information
System has a group-SMS version. Since it is illegal for a private motorist
to charge for lifts.

Chennai in recent years, has seen the increase due of the "share auto an
automobile pooling convenience, not in the scale of buses, but less
expensive than the common "auto rickshaw Such schemes have caught on
well and further developments along such ideas can provide a much
needed breather for the traffic jams that characterize the cities.

Some other cities around the world such as Singapore and London have
introduced congestion charging scheme reduce traffic. Such schemes
ensure optimal usage of those specific roads, provide financial backup for
road infrastructure maintenance and encourage the use of public
transportation.

11.4 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE :-

Today much of the emphasis regarding ITS within the Federal

Government and state agencies has been focused on developing and
deploying systems. In most cases, very little emphasis has been given
to proper operation and maintenance (O&M) of those systems once
they are deployed.
ITS technologies present some significant Operation and Maintenance
challenges to traditional transportation agencies. Some specific
challenges are listed here:

• Operating advanced systems requires a high level of integration

among existing systems and agencies.
• Deployment of new systems places an additional burden on
existing operations and maintenance personnel, who already
have responsibilities and may already be overloaded. These
personnel must then deal with conflicting priorities.

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Administrator

 • When new systems are deployed, it is not always clear who is to
have responsibility for operating and maintaining them.
• Operating advanced systems requires new skills and
capabilities, which may not exist in a traditional transportation
agency. This creates a need to train existing personnel and or
add new personnel.
• Maintaining ITS technologies requires a high degree of
technical proficiency, with specialized skills and expertise.
Again, this necessitates training of existing personnel and or
hiring new personnel
• Deployment of non-standard devices and systems can create an
operations and maintenance headache, with non-standard
interfaces, additional training requirements, and excessive spare
parts requirements.

11.5 Solutions :-
The rapidly increasing vehicle population in India, spurred by the
population boom and economic up tum lay sacrificial burden on
traffic management in the metropolitan cities and towns of the
country. While India has already made a for intelligent transport
systems in organizing traffic, more extensive and urgent integration
of advanced technology and concepts into main stream traffic
management is imperative.

The adoption of location and information based technologies into

vehicles, infrastructure, traffic management and traveller information
services have shown dramatic improvements in the sale, and efficient
mobility of people and freight in USA, European nations. UK, Japan,
Middle East and Canada. ITS is still in its infancy in India, with

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decision-makers, key planners and agencies still in the process of

understanding its potential.

India's ITS cannot be entirely modelled on the existing successful ITS

of other nations due to basic cultural, geographic and practical
differences amongst the countries. The existing concept shaves to be
thoroughly understood in order to modify them to fit the Indian traffic
scenario. The design of an intensive ITS program hinges on the
following developments

Technology:

The development and implementation of advanced technologies is

important to the successful management and operation of ITS in
India. These technologies include electronic equipment such as
sensors, detectors and communication devices and application of
global navigation satellite system GNSS). This in turning on
cooperative work between the Government, academic research
institutions and industry.

Modeling of Indian traffic:

A proper understanding of the traffic system is important in the

successful implementation of any reliable ITS systems. The existing
models, developed for the western traffic conditions may not be
suitable for the Indian traffic and hence there is a need to modify or
develop models that can characterize the Indian traffic in a better
way.

Supply Chain:

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Administrator

Seamless inter connectivity of the various branches of the
transportation sector is essential to provide effective, efficient and
secure movement of goods and services while improving the
conservation of natural resources and reducing environmental impacts
such as the effects of carbon emissions

REFERENCES

• Recent trends in intelligent transportation system By Bhupendra Singh

and Anita Gupta

• VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS, Volume 3, No. 3, March 2012

Journal of Global Research in Computer Science TECHNICAL NOTE
Available Online at www.jgrcs.info © JGRCS 2010, All Rights Reserved
61

• Intelligent transportation system as a tool solving transportation problems

By Ahmed hosney radwan
• Intelligent transportation systems for India cities By Rijurekha sen &
Bhaskaran raman (IIT Bombey)
• Intelligent transportation systems synthesis report and issues and
challenges under Indian condition By Dr. Lalitha venajakshi, Dr. Gita
Krishnan ramadurai & Asha anand
• A review paper on intelligence transportation system By Priyadarshani
panda and Sangeeta santara
• Issues, challenges and research in intelligent transport system for
security and privacy By Quazi ejaz ali, Naveed ahmed & Gauhar ali
• Intelligent Transportation System for developing countries By Gurdit
singh, Divya Bansal and sanjeev sofat.
• Intelligent Transportation System and their applications-By Pervis
Erosay and Gulmus Boruhan

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• Need of Intelligent Transportation System- Vasanabhi Naveen,

Dr.M.Murali and M.V.Raju
• Intelligent Transportation System In India By Nishant Raj
Kapoor,
Avinash Baghel, Himanshu Sharma and Vikrant
Dube

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