The memory wit 16 on eccential component cn comyout since it 4s nected dor ree a | ate) We Mainc/Memery z= [he omemer/ 1) eau ae eee ustth the Caos called the matin menor, wilinry Memory cw Meviaer that pwvide hock — Shorage axe cabled aust tremor Pt Sc more economPcal to use deto—cast Celoraye devicee ts kenve ac a hock up Jor 2ferir © nformatisn that Is not cyrrenthy sted by the €PU w= magnesbic disk magnelic Lape eee : a They axe usec, fox storing Syetem programe harpe the teint ts Lr ee Far faster Cathe aly me als, occetlole Le Agh goo 7 a f te _Chaster)So. The total memory eqpatty ia Comp dn con te ulseuo erry 4 eee r “congredite corrpoonente processing 4y makir OG Gg te teVcpd at The @che memory Js em, compensale fo Tne acce ime. “2 processor CPU Aggie IS ugue dune as 0 secu th ||_ mainly by Fhe “ A opera ag 5} Cache Phett | is closehe tt wusesh for stort jsp, ert of ewer executed 17 the cpu & Le the sforape capacity of the memory cwicresses., the cost | poe ait 4% cctoricg Votre Lxormbtion decnessea 2 the fe | eccess terre memorG -becomes Aorngcr es @ |The auxiliary memory has a Sarge s[orage capacity Js setabively 7 Enexpettive, but hs dowd eres spk compan¥d to_maén wersid —* 4/y hk ini mene ee that we mas ec hatds thee pXnts tt ¢ 9s the eentyal alersy Ltt ss relatively Vase app progrene Wo Diate |SRAM 3~ —> easy to use > more expensive => short stad or write eels Cie faster ) DRAM iw —> reduce perverse consumption > hearcgen Se capacity . Rom (stead only mem ie Rom Fs used 709 roms ae ae por. mr that ase pomanecithy Relent” En the tempulin and for tables constants “that do henge. & volue ence. the production & cernppheted -Chip select 2 E Read Hh hentle 2 [ P-bit Dtdclrcss. * eee oe Js 128 words oe diet a eoorel S sregutre _7= bit addres Shita The unit Ss +n peration erly wher cosa Seo =| When the WR In ra ds aeabliols tie memory Sloreg o tyie from the oalt bus inl q location spe ciGed ty the Y ecthies input Lines . When the RD srput ts erobled the content: of the selected Ayte Fs placed 4Ato the olate but gd>| “for the Ait to operat npulg the tare chip Seleet ny otis wade olate dade SA y. clale } Lfantiteane = => || Teve 3s no mec for a read 4 wile _confrols becauce Me petidestentalrce sy". | Wen the Kip $< enabled by the ture sled crpu the tyFe selected by the ex Lines appear on ts —oE | A_ memory wut accegek by content Js catle ar _ | agsocfatve zoemory, Or content adbressable memory Coe 1 ——}—_____ bs z — SS Ths type of memory % accesseh 2% multaneously, and 7 : | pascotkel om the basis olate content I42thG. thon oe Specific acldress or bocatisr . | Qirite z~ When a word & writhn 4o an auodative memo t. A - wer mo _adldress 2s oSuen. The memory Js abso | finding on empliy Iudled batt, eae | = _ ie When a word tc to be yom an meme: the content the word, o re cided . moth She specified Dr epgodativre memo: word ov ena spedbltc. field. F scsi cenagy aeo 771-< «herd ° D ps2. aiwwords uuth nba The axgunent srepictex one For Cah 4 Tie. match 2ep%s!o_M Z [Sock word % men of the of 4 the Ack oaap alpen the mstihing Pecan , those bats tn the mates, re ' || tral theve been Ad oolcofe Ane fact: Bhat thet _ corrapondiny words Aove heen mats —__ Reastis 25 9 ceomplithed by 9 Sepuertial access [to memovy por thie Lworcs Whose tor retpercling bit —tre_maleh r9)sSe% have, been tet aly hose bits iy the ument thot have 14 25 BES cerrsiponaley pal tthe Ay sisglater, Ode : compared. So, he Ks provides Q mesh or Ich ‘ aoe ee whPh spedfies how the ae : memory is mode . j A ; r : -The yelation bet™ the memory aoa and external + [4 07 amociative fw aedell (Gin lei] ns] | [ea] “Wordin | [Can ogy Aspedabive moron) | 7 : =| Tteels tn thomas idbie SO ath tio subscripts. TheT pirst ord number. and Secand 2pectfies tne ts peal So cell Cif fe the ctl Jor aay w=! DT 0: ——si Dra meth _occwrs hem atl the wma, ked bits = a argument and the bits 07 word 1, the et, — bit Mi an the maleh Stegtiten 2s a Lis S aia Beano cae Up enc or more Unmasked bile op the argument avd the word de not math, mij 2s Cleaned st — ##_| Cache Merion te S Tre oeperences f6 mom ec ine Lend fe be. Kersh Sale sedis a as ek Qneg io = ats te | This phenomenon 2s bs knowl ag the ppd ee { Gahe_ memory 4s placed Sel the Z-| The baste operation of the cach 4 a “ Ce” nk oe 2 9 Wher the ceu neeolt to access memors, the cache ts exomtred, hi aay ie : gq y J 6 ro Ase f | TY the word Ss found in the cache, -t/ 75 said Ae produce QA and th 4s vead from the fast erat a 3 S| the word oddnesged by the cou 2 not found 5 the % * ¥ 2 9 Cache , if Counts as a migs, and the main memory 45 accessed fo stead the @ word: ' => |The voffo 64 the number of hits Buided by the fatal Pu Siporences™ ty memory Chile plus misses) $< the Ait xafio- SA block 2 worelt contiiring the one Gust accesed ds ther tronsfersied. from main menany de earhe. pes) The hick 24,0 vasuy hx ene Just acesed) te about Io wool Pecocssed So that gute references pred words Ln the dict cache a Eg < : ! FE || Mapping z~ ee : = f 7 The tyeansformals te i memory Ae Z E 7 Fi yny fe ia f Main menary ree me ea | Zaki | Oiche. memory ld SKID al Example of Cache iene =>|_The math memory can chore 32« wordle =>|| The cache 4s 5 Late time a =>|“Br every word ztoveol th cache these 2addness C15 | Pt Argument see r ers tk 6, bile) Tey msi aT ac 22777 61/0 s 22345 123 eas Assacjalive mapping cache Call, octal) draws O85 sak. 4 The addsicks wehte P15 ity Ss thou oc wit octal numbe. and te corres, p2.-btk 5 a8 a four-cly;t number. 4 SPI chu asldvess of 15 bite 4s placed tn ther Scher ond. the aio dalive memory Bsvataehad z address 3 the akduess Gs found, th ib tats i ead and Lent to ther pu dean aie (dads =a mo malt the memory 3s = rv the word. 7 es Pas rte BA fae th «_ Assoc FONTAN Mote uo IE. \ cache 4 - xr must be sPcaloced, t2 sake 4. 2 not pres ez) the cake:_olefi urure as to that podr as 46 E >| A Simple pirst-tn firstout Céifo) proceduce De uted Se the Cache sm whenever @ new word 4s mou mimes ok ~ As qitacSaghgle memo vie co raya secel fo_scardem -access memorih becouse. the added ag “tapi esto cotedk ~—a cath cell Zo ters Pres ms g wsrindeom= access TH 3=| Tere wee 2* Wordle un cache theres and 2” woydle h mac |_ meme ee he ai. iy eet | Te Kir memory adlolrers 4s bivtded. snlo tur fields 2 | K bite for the “inden field [n-k bits por the tos field a >| Be brect cache organisation UuSe2 the n-b2+ aold>ie . to _accece the ntain memory end kb sndex te occex the Cade. Sod Behe Mowe USO > Seman taesk She Drkesinoh Digerati aoard tn cache consicte ¥ @ wiowd dala wordl and itt ts oe ither Eee aad Js feat 4 b yo pis ante the getinin _Sanof the bite oped atived, side the Lota bite. =>] when “the CPU generakis A memory sreguesi ee nde itl gh Pet. athe €PU acidbresgs 5. eh with the i ev 4 the wore ead e+ eo >| the two malih, theote 25 4 titsond. the desired ale word eee =| Ze Dhesre Ss no mati, teste, as eee aoa om Sane Disedvantye 2 The Ait beech ean a Y__## | Sets Astociative Mapaing Tre disadvantage of i vect ' index in ther akdress but uscth different: |Lexcesle to cache memory at the Lame time + din that each worel of >| Sek casts word Ic gored Lop ethoo sspethan ite Tage tag 8s that tum words with tame teh cannot Soa tried tyre 97 cache organisation, coled Let -aesocrabve mappings Ss%an improvem over the obrrect mapeieg ory" e caches con hee ey es P She sree uncle the fone Znderr oddbte: 3 te es & De nurrbr LG tap cabs tems in ene word: of cathe 4s said Lo form ast Q \ _ eres eats ast — fo Memory date Sale 0000} ° oo toh : oo777| 2340 : | O1ovo|, BuFo.| = wl) | orton Sie o2 70Se tio olats worcls 2 thed, eocialed a res x bits 2 cach dots word har a — Me enpth GS 2(6 +12) = 36 bite. ie * a Bndex address of nine b4th can accomodate 512 words - the & of cache memory 4c S12 X36 —___* || Cache con accwrmoclae lo2y Wworels Sf main meer, ince —' e2ch word Of coche contanc tiwo date words. — 3) word ef cathe camer. => | Wher the cpu _genexalis @ memory 34 the oddriche og ated toate @ She Sse apie Js done. ps in the set, thus the ney 9 cet cekeary _| te replace ene ¥ the ay. data «hms with q new value When 9 miss wccure peel Replacement algorithms : cache & the set 1s fut , it Js “The most common vreplocement’ algorithms used ares Qandem replacement Oyrrs tin first-out CFiFo). ®| desst vreacently used’ CLRuU) . =f Wath the yandem deplocement fay the contra hones ee aterm for xsptacement- at s> 2 ee oN ae soa 2g—escits rfised Memes — => Tn the memory Serer ayshm, athe information 5s stoves tas ayriligng meSporg and whenever if 46 needed by Dhe cP ae SibrmPion ds g e ph cafe the main memo > | The virtieal memerg.ts @ concept which fe used + Ayslem oad gives the itlusien ta phe programmes, oF Wie that a aa ee space 4s quotkchle ushicA fe egal = te the dolality 0f ah memory ¢ tho the comple’ = oeblly al stated atmall 7s se => Fr t's concept, the prjaee addres got th. Q mechanism, called eddreaa) Fhe empulos wath va nut Agving wiptial ynenon/. concet ascent "p ri ef _| heave Same sates space if: et ae Dole | Fre achrers 2 memerg aprce_ wraidttel eo utnts 9 routs vm | fixed Size 7 | “The roup ay addres Space ane Called pages « | Th “Sine yroups af 104 called blocks . “same pe. mem i Spece axe led.4 txeeuled in the oF dale as moved. | bes meetin oak out 5 Din Seuittened. Jocution sn in,HE flees Meppire Usiee Fepes tn L foping ] ite ; The. table implementation 44 the addnets PE 7a by Buicting the snformalion tt | the menor z memory . apt nents ——— The, Phipetead mtihry, Sx volcan claw. Lnipigae cyst tie called locke, ushich mo <. 8 te yogg ware ech becker | Rage The Same se grupe 1” addy ce Ss ‘ed aset aj] 2 page number acldsess __(b)|| a'-tre within the page. 2 | for the mepp ae m addres space to aia: wirtual addr aepsres scent Lio numbes 2 | Genesalirations~ O compuler writh Rena po page , then pbils ore wised ts apetfy Bt fap. iatiles, aq bine aoliess and Lhe sem. high order. King & the Virtual addres speify a Mw ik Page. Auber “8 Fnthe prreutous exarynte 2 virlsal adders raz 13 bits. i SPace each page consist of p24 wores = 3'°, j Ea ee nee 2 pl wtthin The momar a Table here Sne For Gas th Jp = ose ti table ol = number & the e Wwor the there, that page Gp iapte te Mime eee ep eet: cm eas ==[eo foto! oop Main Memory acldbress epishe fe 0 =| > 13 Bee => || The cpu s« bits’. Sigh ~orcler: bite hk entesQ Word, i m, Bea ca ee Preccale e yeti Lword Sn o. address’ F< read out ta yy the psresence bit 3s aow Dp the. pric snes bitin the word s1ead davm the ape ble FS lo Ub means the eontent Sf the word Siporenced by the ertual address does not sneside tn _moin memo g Tren ee Aystem peter the Jee page real pie memo: het : place ay int the max mere before rELuming # [Aeocdative [Memory Page Table ~ || ee qrandem-access ramones AL | n pages ard _m blocked, a 1 page. table Stn Yocationt } wht amaeamaal be macked with block nos 2 al > wth ern am che erih/? | Example s~ address spoce =losyk ay Memory 3)9%Ce 32K each block or=| This methsd is imalemented +9 mont Sf an otocetve a © fomemorg swith each word in foemory antairing a page ne é 2 it Corres, 5g block no oe Tre page field each word 1s cenpourect with les dn the Virtusl addres ne ees math occurs the word 4s real from memory 2 a ee block no. 4s extracted. 2 Mirtuas addnegs