Machine Translated by Google

#‫ج‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺣﻮل اﻟ‬

‫ﺘ ﻲﻳﻘﻮد ﻫﺎ ‪Anders Hejlsberg.‬‬

‫ﺒﺎدرة ‪ TEN.‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻛ ﺔ ‪ Microsoft‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣ‬
‫ﺜ ﺔ ﻟﻸﻏﺮاض اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ وﻣﻮﺟﻬ ﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت‪ ،‬ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﺑ ﺴﻴﻄ ﺔ وﺣﺪﻳ‬‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ‬‫‪ C#‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻐ ﺔ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻘ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#‬اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺎ ﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻤ‬‫ﻳﻐﻄ ﻲ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮر‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#.‬‬‫ﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﺪﺋﻴﻦ ﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻢ إﻋﺪاد ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻄﻠ‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﻌً ﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C‬أو ‪C++،‬ﻓ ﺴﻴﻜﻮنﺗﻌﻠﻢ ‪C#‬أﻣ ًﺮا ﻣﻤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C‬و‪+، +C‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻓﻬﻢ أﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﲆ ﻟﻐﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#‬إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛ‬‫ﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌ‬

‫ﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫إﺧﻼء اﻟﻤ ﺴﺆوﻟﻴ ﺔ وﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ‪Tutorials Point (I) Pvt.‬اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻟﻌﺎم ‪2014‬‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺘﺎ ب‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜ‬
‫ُﺤﻈﺮ ﻋﲆ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﺮوﻧ ﻲ ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻟﺸﺮﻛ ﺔ ‪Tutorials Point (I) Pvt.‬اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﺎ ب اﻹﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرة ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺤ‬
‫ﺑﺄي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل دون‬‫ﺘﺮوﻧ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺎ ب اﻹﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت أو ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎظ أو ﻧ ﺴﺦ أوﺗﻮزﻳﻊ أو إﻋﺎدة ﻧﺸﺮ أي ﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام أو اﻻﺣ‬
‫ﺘﺮوﻧ ﻲ إﻋﺎدة اﺳ‬
‫اﻹﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻗ ﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻛ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ و‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺠﻨﺎ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮوﻧ ﻲ و‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ اﻹﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺪﻳ ﺚ ﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧ ﺴﻌﻰ ﺟﺎ ﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘ ﺔ ﻛ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺑﺪﻗ ﺔ أوﺗﻮﻗﻴ ﺖ أو اﻛ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ت ﻏﻴﺮ دﻗﻴﻘ ﺔ أو أﺧﻄﺎء‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟﺪروس )‪(I‬اﻟﺠﻨﺪي‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة ﻻﺗﻘﺪم أي ﺿﻤﺎن ﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﺤ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ‪،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ إﻋﻼﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻔ ﺖ أي أﺧﻄﺎء ﻋﲆ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ أو ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ‪ .‬إذا اﻛ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬‫ﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ أو ﻣﺤ‬
‫‪[email protected].‬‬

‫أﻧﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ ‪..................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬أﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺣﻮل اﻟ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮر‪ .................................................. .................................................. .................................................‬أﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ‪............................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬أﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻄﻠ‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ ‪.............................. .................................................. ...........................................‬أﻧﺎ‬

‫إﺧﻼء اﻟﻤ ﺴﺆوﻟﻴ ﺔ وﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎ ت‪................................................. .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‪1 ........................... .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ...........1‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰا ت اﻟ‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌ ﺔ‪3 ................... .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﺼﺎﻓ ﻲ ‪3 .................................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠ ﺔ )‪(IDE‬ﻟـ ‪C# ........................................ ........................................... 4‬‬

‫ﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪C#‬ﻋﲆ ‪Linux‬أو ‪Mac OS ........................................... .................................................. .......4‬‬‫ﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪5 .......... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫‪ 3.‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Hello World ........................................... .................................................. ...................5‬‬‫إﻧﺸﺎء‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪6........ .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و‬

‫ﺘﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ‪#C ................................ ................................ . .................................................. ........................................... 10‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻔ‬

‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ‪12 .................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ‪13 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔ‬
‫اﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪14 .................................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ................................................ 14‬‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ‪14 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ‪14 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪14 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت‪15 ............................................. .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ‪#C ................................ ................................ . .................................................. .......................................... 15‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻔ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت‪17 ................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫‪5.‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ ‪17 ................................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪18 ................................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ‪19 ................................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ ‪19 ........................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ‪19 ................................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪20 ........................................... .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪21 .............. .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫‪6.‬ﻧﻮع اﻟ‬

‫ﻃﺮقﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﻮع ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. .................. 22‬‬

‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت‪24 ............................ .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ‪24 .................................. .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ‪25 ............................... .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم ‪26 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺒﻮل اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﻗ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮا ت ‪Rvalue‬و ‪Lvalue‬ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C#: ........................................... .................................................. .......... 26‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ واﻟﺤﺮف ‪28 ... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺜﻮا‬
‫‪8.‬اﻟ‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮوف ‪28 ........................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺮوف ذا ت اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ ‪29 .............................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴ ﺔ ‪29 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺛﻮا‬

‫ﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ‪30 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ ‪31 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺜﻮا‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟ‬

‫‪9.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ‪33 ................................ .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ ‪33 ................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎ ت اﻟﺤ ﺴﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﻴ ﺔ ‪35 .............................. .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴ ﺔ ‪38 ................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﻐﻠ ﻲ ‪Bitwise ........................................... .................................................. .................................. 40‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪43 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﻐﻠ ﻲ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ‪46 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﻐﻠﻴﻦ ﻣ‬

‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻓ ﻲ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ................................ 48‬‬

‫ﺒﻘﻴ ﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟ‬
‫أﺳ‬

‫ﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮار ‪51 ............... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪10.‬ا‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎن ‪52 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎن آﺧﺮ ‪54 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬‫إذا‪...‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎن إذا‪...‬إﻻ إذا‪56 ................................ .................................................. ....................................‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت ‪58 .............................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺒﺪﻳﻞ ‪60 .................................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟ‬

‫ال ؟ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪65 ........................................... .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫‪11.‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎ ت ‪66 ................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ اﻟﻠﻮ ب ‪67 ............................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﻟﺤﻠﻘ ﺔ ‪69 ................................................. .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻜﺮار ‪72 ................................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺛﻨﺎء اﻟ‬
‫اﻓﻌﻞ‪...‬أ‬

‫ﺘﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ‪75 ................................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎ ت ﻣ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺤﻠﻘ ﺔ ‪87........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ ﻻ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ‪83 ........................................... .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‪84 .............. .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪد اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻌﺎم ‪84 ........................................... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪد اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﺨﺎص ‪86 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪد اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻤ ﻲ ‪88 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪد اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﻲ ‪88 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪13.‬‬ ‫ُﻃ ﺮق‪91 ................................ .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻄﺮق ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ................................ 91‬‬

‫ﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. .............................. 92‬‬

‫ﻃﺮق اﻻﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻮدﻳ ﺔ ‪95 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﺳ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت إﱃ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ‪96 .............. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ ‪97 ................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺎ‬
‫را‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪99 ............ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻹﺧﺮاج ‪100 ............... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪14.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪104 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﺞ اﻟﻔﺎرغ ‪)................................................ .................................................. .............. 105‬؟؟(‬

‫‪15.‬اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت ‪107 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫إﻋﻼن اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت ‪107 .................................. .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ‪107 ............................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻘﻴﻢ إﱃ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ‪108 ................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ‪108 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﻠﻘ ﺔ ‪foreach ........................................... .................................................. ........................... 110‬‬

‫اﺳ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ................................................ 111‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺎد ‪112 ........................... .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪدة اﻷ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت ﻣ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺎد ‪112 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ اﻷ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت‬

‫ﺘﻌﺮﺟ ﺔ ‪115 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻄﺎ ت داﻟ ﺔ ‪711.... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت ‪118 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ‪119 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﻴﻒ ‪119 ................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻃﺮق ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ‪120 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪16.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺳﻞ‪124 ........................... .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫إﻧﺸﺎء ﻛﺎﺋﻦﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ‪124 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ‪126 .................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻃﺮق ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ‪126 .................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪17.‬اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ ‪135 .................... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ‪135 .............................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰا ت ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ........................... 137‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣ ﺲ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺑﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ‪138 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻄ‬

‫‪18.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺪادا ت‪141 ........................... .................................................. ................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪاد ‪141 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟ‬
‫اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻣ‬

‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎ ت‪143 ........................... .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪143 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ ‪145 ... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء واﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻨﺎء ‪148 ................................ .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪C #‬اﻟ‬

‫‪C #‬اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮا ت ‪151 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻮن ﻓ ﻲ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ................... 152‬‬

‫ﺑ‬‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟ‬

‫‪20.‬اﻟﻤﻴﺮا ث ‪156 .................... .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻘ ﺔ ‪156 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺌﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ‪158 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪدة ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ................................ 160‬‬

‫ﺛ ﺔ اﻟﻤ‬
‫اﻟﻮرا‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﻷﺷﻜﺎل ‪163 ............... .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫‪21.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟ ﺴﺎﻛﻦ ‪163 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ ‪165 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ ‪170 .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫‪22.‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟ ﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻐﻞ ‪170 ................................................ ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪173 ........................................... .................................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻴﻦ ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻮن ﻟﻠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻠﻮن اﻟﻘﺎ‬

‫‪23.‬اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎ ت‪181 ................................ .................................................. ................................................................‬‬

‫اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ واﺟﻬﺎ ت ‪181 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪24.‬ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺎ ت اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ‪184 ................... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪184 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ ‪185 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻔ‬
‫اﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ ‪187 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺎ ت اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤ‬

‫اﻟ ﺴﺎدس‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺒﻖ ‪190 ................................................ ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫‪25.‬‬

‫ﺒﻖ ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C#.............................................. .................................................. ................. 190‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ‪191 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎ ت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻃ ﺔ ‪192 ........................... .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮا ت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔ ‪194 ..... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻌ‬‫‪26.‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮا ت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔ ‪194 ................................................ ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻌ‬‫ﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎ ت ﻟ‬

‫ﻫﺮو ب اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎ ت ‪194 ................................ .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌﺎ ت اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎ ت ‪196 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ت ‪198 ........................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻤ ﻲ ‪199 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎ ت اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪200 .................... .................................................. ................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻨﺎو ب ‪201 ................................ .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎ ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺪال ‪202 ........................................ .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺘ‬‫اﻻﺳ‬

‫ﺘﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪202 .................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫إﻧﺸﺎءا ت ﻣ‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪Regex ........................................... .................................................. ........................................... 203‬‬

‫ﺜﻨﺎءا ت ‪802...... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳ‬
‫‪27.‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺜﻨﺎء ﻓ ﻲ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ........................... 209‬‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﻓﺌﺎ ت اﻻﺳ‬

‫ﺜﻨﺎءا ت ‪210 ........................................... .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠ ﺔ اﻻﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم ‪212 ........... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺜﻨﺎءا ت ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫إﻧﺸﺎء اﺳ‬

‫رﻣ ﻲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ‪213 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪28.‬إدﺧﺎل‪/‬إﺧﺮاج اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‪214 ................................ .................................................. ................................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌﺎ ت ‪C#‬اﻹدﺧﺎل‪/‬اﻹﺧﺮاج ‪214 ........................................ .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪FileStream ........................................... .................................................. ................................ 215‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ‪C# ........................................... .................................................. ..............217‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎ ت اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺑ ﺔ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪812..... .................................................. ...........................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎ ت اﻟﻨﺼﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻜ‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪StreamReader ........................................... .................................................. ........................... 218‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪StreamWriter ........................................... .................................................. ...........................220‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪222 ................................................ ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ واﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎ ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺜﻨﺎﺋ ﻲ ‪224 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗ ﺐ اﻟ‬
‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻜﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻠﻔﺎ ت وﻳﻨﺪوز ‪228 ............................ .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ت اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ‪228 ................................ .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ‪230 .................................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫‪29.‬اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎ ت‪234 ................................ .................................................. ................................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟ ﺴﻤ ﺔ ‪234 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺒ ًﻘﺎ ‪234 ........................... .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻣ ﺴ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ ﺴﻤ ﺔ ‪234 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﺳ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪235 ........................................ .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪237 ................................................ .................................................. .................................................‬‬

‫إﻧﺸﺎءﺳﻤﺎ ت ﻣﺨﺼﺼ ﺔ ‪238 .................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟ ﺴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼ ﺔ ‪32......... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﻖ اﻟ ﺴﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼ ﺔ ‪142.............. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻄ‬

‫ﺘﺄﻣﻞ ‪243 ................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫‪30.‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس ‪243 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻄ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴ ﺔ‪243 ............................... .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟ‬

‫‪31.‬اﻟﻌﻘﺎرا ت‪251 ................................ .................................................. ................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎ ت ‪251 ............................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﺠﺮدة ‪255 .............................. .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫‪32.‬اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس ‪259 ................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس ‪259 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﺳ‬

‫ﺜﻘﻠ ﺔ ‪262 ............................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺑﻮن ‪266 ........................... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫‪33.‬اﻟﻤﻨﺪو‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪266 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫إﻋﻼن اﻟﻤﻨﺪو‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪266 ............................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺪو‬

‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪد ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺪ ‪268 ........................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺚ اﻟﻤ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪270 .................................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻨﺪو‬
‫اﺳ‬

‫‪34.‬اﻷﺣﺪا ث ‪272 ................................ .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺣﺪا ث ‪272 .................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻨﺪو‬
‫اﺳ‬

‫إﻋﻼن اﻷﺣﺪا ث ‪272 .................................. .................................................. ................ ................................‬‬

‫‪35.‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ت ‪279 ................... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎ ت‪280 ........................................... .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻞ ‪284 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻫﺎﺷ‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔ ﺔ ‪288 ........................................... .................................................. . ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺪس ‪292 ........................................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻈﺎر ‪295 ........................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ اﻻﻧ‬

‫ﺘﺄري ‪297 ........................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻴ‬‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ‬

‫‪36.‬اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ ‪302 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰا ت اﻟﺠﻨﻴ ﺴ ﺔ ‪304 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ ‪304 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮن ‪306 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﺪو‬

‫‪37.‬اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻟ ﺔ ‪309 ... .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟ ﺔ‪309 ............. .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫‪38.‬اﻟﺮﻣﻮز ﻏﻴﺮ اﻵﻣﻨ ﺔ ‪312 .................. .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮا ت ‪312 .............................................. .................................................. ..............................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪313 .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﺮداد ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫اﺳ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮا ت ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت ﻟﻠﻄﺮق ‪314 .............................................. ..........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ‪315 ................................................ ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻵﻣﻨ ﺔ ‪316 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻂ ‪318 ............ .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺘﺮا‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪد ﻣﺆﺷﺮا ت اﻟ‬
‫‪39.‬‬

‫دورة ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﺨﻴﻂ ‪318 ................................ .................................................. ...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎ‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ وأﺳﺎﻟﻴ ﺐ ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ‪319 .............................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻴﻊ‪323 .................................. .................................................. ................................................‬‬

‫إدارة اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻴﻊ ‪324 ............................... .................................................. ...........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻴﻊ ‪326 .............................. .................................................. ................ ................................‬‬

‫س‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫‪1.‬ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﺎﻣ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻌ ﻲ أﺟﻬﺰة‬

‫ﺗﻤ ﺖ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ‪Microsoft‬و‬‫ﺜ ﺔ ذا ت أﻏﺮاض ﻋﺎﻣ ﺔ وﻣﻮﺟﻬ ﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ تﺗﻢﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳ‬‫‪ C#‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴ ﺔ )‪(ECMA‬وﻣﻨﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪(ISO).‬‬
‫ﺗﺮ اﻷورو‬
‫ﺒﻴﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤ‬

‫ﺛﻨﺎءﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ‪Framework . teN.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ ‪Anders Hejlsberg‬وﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ أ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ‪C#‬‬

‫ﺘ ﻲﺗ ﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ و‬
‫ﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗ‬
‫ﺘﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ ‪(CLI)،‬واﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪C#‬ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻮى‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎ ت ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻴﺎ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ واﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺨ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎ ت ﻋﲆ ﻣﻨﺼﺎ ت اﻟﻜﻤ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣ ﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﺮاﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪C#‬ﻟﻐ ﺔ اﺣ‬
‫ﺒﺎ ب اﻟ‬
‫اﻷﺳ‬

‫ﺜ ﺔ ذا ت أﻏﺮاض ﻋﺎﻣ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳ‬‫• ﻫ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ‬

‫•إﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫•إﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎ ت ‪• .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺴﻬﻞ اﻟ‬

‫•إﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ﻣﻬﻴﻜﻠ ﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ ‪.‬‬‫ﺘﺞ‬

‫•ﻳﻨ‬

‫ﺗﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻮ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﺎ ت اﻟﻜﻤ‬
‫•ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣ‬
‫•إﻧﻪ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ‪Framework. teN.‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪C#‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰا ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮي ﻣﻊ ‪Java،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ‪ .‬ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎﺗﺸﺎ‬‫ﺘﻮى ‪C ،‬و‪+، +C‬ﻓﻬ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳ ﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺛﻴﻖ اﻟﻠﻐﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ و‬‫ﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎ ت ‪C#‬‬‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﻦ ﻓ ﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫وﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺰا ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻴﺰا ت اﻟﻤﻬﻤ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪C#:‬‬

‫ﺑ‬‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ‬

‫•اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﻠ ﺔ •اﻟﻤﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋ ﻲ ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬
‫•اﻟ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫•إﺻﺪار اﻟ‬

‫•اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ واﻷﺣﺪا ث‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫•إدارة اﻟﻮﻓﻮد واﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎ ت‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫•اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔﺳﻬﻠ ﺔ اﻻﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻃ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻬﺮﺳﺎ ت‬

‫•اﻟ‬

‫ﺑ ﺴﻴﻂ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪد‬
‫•‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮا ت ‪Lambda‬و ‪LINQ‬‬

‫ﺗﻌ‬‫•‬

‫ﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ وﻳﻨﺪوز‬
‫•اﻟ‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺌ ﺔ‬
‫‪2.‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ أن ‪ C#‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ‪Framework teN.‬وﻳ ﺴ‬‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#.‬ﻟﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ‬‫ﺑ ﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗ ﺶ ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷدوا ت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮ‬

‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺣ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸ ﺔ اﻷدوا ت اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺒﻜ ﺔ ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺑ ﺔﺗﻄ‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻃﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ‪.teN.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎط ‪C#‬‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪C#،‬دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ﺔ ار‬

‫‪NetFramework‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑ ﺔ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺛﻮرﻳ ﺔﺗ ﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻋﲆ ﻛ‬‫ﻳﻌﺪ ‪Framework teN.‬ﻣﻨﺼ ﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت وﻳﻨﺪوز‬
‫ﺗﻄ‬‫•‬

‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت اﻟﻮﻳ ﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻄ‬‫•‬

‫•ﺧﺪﻣﺎ ت اﻟﻮﻳ ﺐ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪C#، C++، Visual Basic، Jscript، COBOL، :‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳ‬‫ﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺎ ت ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪﺗﻢﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ إﻃﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت ‪ Framework teN.‬ﻫ ﻲﺗﻄ‬
‫ﺗﻄ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫وﻣﺎ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﻐﺎ ت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ إﻃﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ ت إﻃﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ‪:teN.‬‬‫ﺜﻞ ‪C#.‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﺎ ت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻜﻮن إﻃﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ teN.‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫•وﻗ ﺖﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ )‪(CLR‬‬

‫ﺒ ﺔ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪Net Framework‬‬
‫ﺘ‬‫•ﻣﻜ‬

‫ﺘﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫•ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎ ت اﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ﺘﺮك‬
‫•ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻤﺸ‬

‫ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎ ت‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴ ﺔ واﻟ‬
‫•اﻟ‬

‫•ﻧﻤﺎذج وﻳﻨﺪوز‬

‫‪ASP.Net AJAX‬و ‪• ASP.Net‬‬

‫‪• ADO.Net‬‬

‫•ﻣﺆﺳ ﺴ ﺔﺳﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ )‪Windows (WF‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﺪﻳﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪Windows‬‬
‫•ﻣﺆﺳ ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ت ‪Windows (WCF) • LINQ‬‬

‫•ﻣﺆﺳ ﺴ ﺔ ا‬

‫ﺛﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﻳﺆدﻳﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎ ت‪،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌ ﺔ ‪ASP.Net -‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﻮن‪،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌ ﺔ و‬
‫ﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻬﺎم اﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫‪Microsoft.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠ ﺔ )‪(IDE‬ﻟـ ‪C#‬‬

‫ﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#:‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ‪Microsoft‬أدوا ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻮدﻳﻮ )‪2010 (VS‬‬

‫•ﻓﻴﺠﻮالﺳ‬

‫)‪• Visual C# 2010 Express (VCE‬‬

‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫•ﻣﻄﻮر وﻳ ﺐ ﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﺘﻰ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒ ﺴﻴﻄ ﺔ وﺣ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ تﺳﻄﺮ اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺪءًا ﻣﻦﺗﻄ‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪C#‬‬‫ﺑ ﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻷدوا ت‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻛ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺘﺎﺣﺎن ﻣﺠﺎﻧًﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪Microsoft‬اﻟﺮﺳﻤ ﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﺧﻴﺮان ﻣ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻞ ‪Notepad،‬و‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺤﺮر ﻧﺺ أﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟـ ‪C#‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑ ﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺮﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪًا ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أ ً‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎ ﻛ‬ ‫اﻷﻛ‬

‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢﺳﻄﺮ اﻷواﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬيﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﺟﺰءًا ﻣﻦ ‪Framework. TEN.‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫ﺑﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻴﺰا ت‬‫ﺘﻔﻆ‬

‫ﺘﻄﻌ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪Visual Studio‬وﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬أﻧﻬﺎﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ إﺻﺪارا ت ﻣﻘ‬
‫إن إﺻﺪار ‪Visual C# Express‬و ‪Visual Web Developer Express‬ﻋ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ ‪Visual C# 2010 Express.‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﻲ‪ ،‬اﺳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ‬
‫‪Visual Studio.‬ﻓ ﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻪﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ًﻴﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺟﻬﺎزك‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪Microsoft Visual Studio.‬ﻳ‬

‫ﺒﻴ ﺖ اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟ ﺴﺮﻳﻊ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﺮﻧ ﺖ ﻧﺸﻂ ﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎل إﻧ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺎﺟ ﺔ إﱃ ا‬‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇ ﺔ‪ :‬أﻧ ﺖ‬

‫ﺑ ﺔ ‪MacOS‬وأ ‪C#ProgramsonLinux‬‬
‫ﺘﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ أﺧﺮى‪ Mono .‬ﻫﻮ إﺻﺪار‬
‫ﺒﺪﻳﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻹﺻﺪارا ت اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪Windows ،‬إﻻ أن ﻫﻨﺎك‬
‫ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ‪Framework TEN.‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ ‪C#‬وﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻋﺪة أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻮح اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻣﻦ ‪Framework TEN.‬واﻟﺬيﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻔ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬ ﻫﺎ ب‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪Linux‬و‪OS. caM‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻜﻬﺎ ت اﻟﻤﺨ‬‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪،‬‬
‫أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﺮة اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪا ت‪.‬‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺒﺮ اﻷﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ أ ً‬

‫ﻳﻀﺎﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ أدوا تﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻤﻄﻮري ‪Linux .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎ ت ‪Microsoft .NET‬ﻋ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪Mono‬ﻟﻴ ﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞﺗﻄ‬

‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ذﻟﻚ ‪Android‬و ‪BSD‬و ‪iOS‬و ‪OS X‬و ‪Linux‬و ‪Windows‬و ‪UNIX.‬و ‪Solaris‬‬‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪Mono‬ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻈﻤ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫‪ 3.‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﺨﺎذ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل اﻟﻘﺎدﻣ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ا‬
‫ﺘﻰ ﻧ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪C#‬ﺣ‬‫ﺑﻨﻴ ﺔ‬‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C# ،‬دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻠﻘ ﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻞ أن ﻧﺪرس اﻟﻠ‬
‫ﻗ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪HelloWorld‬‬‫إﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪AC#‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫•إﻋﻼن ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ‬

‫•ﻓﺼﻞ دراﺳ ﻲ‬

‫•أﺳﺎﻟﻴ ﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬

‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ‬
‫•ﺳﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫•اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮا ت‬
‫ﺘﻌ‬‫•اﻷﻗﻮال واﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت‬
‫•اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت ‪"Hello World":‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺴﻴﻂﻳﻄ‬‫دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻠﻘ ﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﲆ رﻣﺰ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻈﺎم؛‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪HelloWorldApplication‬‬

‫{‬

‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪HelloWorld‬‬

‫{‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ )ﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ][اﻟﺤﺠﺞ(‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C# */‬‬‫*‪/‬أول‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ"(;‬‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬ﻣﺮﺣ‬

‫;)(‪Console.ReadKey‬‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺞ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮد و‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬
‫دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻠﻘ ﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﲆ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺨ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺘﻮي اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬ﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ -‬؛‪System‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫•اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪدة ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺎرا ت اﺳ‬
‫ﻋﲆ ﻋ‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪HelloWorldApplication‬ﻋﲆ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻋﲆ إﻋﻼن ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪ .‬ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺌﺎ ت‪.‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻮي اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟ‬
‫•ﻳﺤ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪HelloWorld .‬‬

‫ﺘﻮي اﻟﻔﺼﻮل‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﻚ‪.‬ﺗﺤ‬‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﻳ ﺴ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴ ﺐ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت و‬
‫ﺘﻮي اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪HelloWorld‬ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺤ‬‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻋﲆ إﻋﻼن ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪ ،‬و‬
‫ﺘﻮي اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟ‬
‫•ﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪدة ‪.‬ﺗﺤﺪد اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴ ﺐﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪HelloWorld‬ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ر‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻋﲆ ﻃﺮق ﻣ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪C#.‬‬‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬و ﻫ ﻲ ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻹدﺧﺎل ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫•ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﻪ ﻟﻺﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ وﻳ‬
‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ ‪*...*/ /‬ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺠﺎ ﻫﻞ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟ‬
‫•ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺎرة ;)"‪Console.WriteLine ( "Hello World‬‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔﺳﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫•‬

‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪.‬‬

‫‪ • WriteLine‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ وﺣﺪة اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎن إﱃ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟ ﺔ "!‪"Hello, World‬ﻟﻴ‬
‫ﻳﺆدي ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺘﺎح وﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺸﺎﺷ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻈﺮ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻔ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣ ﻲ ‪VS.NET.‬و ﻫﺬاﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟ‬
‫•اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ;) ( ‪Console.ReadKey‬ﻣﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ‪Visual Studio .NET.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﺴﺮﻋ ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟ‬‫واﻹﻏﻼق‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟ‬‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺮ‬

‫•ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C#‬ﺣ ﺴﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻷﺣﺮف ‪.‬‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺒﺪأﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃ ﺔ • ‪(;).‬ﻳ‬‫ﺒﻴﺮا ت‬
‫ﺘﻌ‬‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت واﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻬ ﻲ ﻛﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫•ﻳﺠ ﺐ أنﺗﻨ‬

‫ﺘﻠ ًﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺨ‬
‫•ﻋﲆ ﻋﻜ ﺲ ‪Java،‬ﻗﺪﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﻢ ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و‬
‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮا ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪C#‬و‬‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم ‪Visual Studio.Net‬ﻟ‬
‫إذا ﻛﻨ ﺖﺗ ﺴ‬

‫ﺑﺪأﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪Visual Studio.‬‬

‫•ا‬

‫ﺘﺮ ﻣﻠﻒ >‪-‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪ >‪-‬ﻣﺸﺮوع‪.‬‬

‫•ﻓ ﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬اﺧ‬

‫ﺘﺮ ‪Windows.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺧ‬‫ﺘﺮ ‪Visual C#‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟ ﺐ‪،‬‬
‫•اﺧ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻖ وﺣﺪة اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺗﻄ‬
‫•اﺧ‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺳﻤﺎ ﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﻚ واﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺰر "ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ"‪ .‬و ﻫﺬاﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋً ﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪًا‬
‫•ﺣﺪد ا ً‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺴ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﺤﺮر اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ ﺐ اﻟ‬
‫•اﻛ‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ ‪Hello World .‬‬

‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪.‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة ﻣﻮﺟﻪ اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺎح ‪F5‬ﻟ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ" أو اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻔ‬
‫•اﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺰر "‬

‫ﺑﺪﻻ ً ﻣﻦ ‪Visual‬‬‫ﺘﺨﺪامﺳﻄﺮ اﻷواﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪C#‬‬‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺗﺮﺟﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻮدﻳﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻼﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺢ ﻣﺤﺮر اﻟﻨﺼﻮص وأﺿﻒ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر أﻋﻼه‪.‬‬

‫•اﻓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪helloworld.cs‬‬‫•اﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫ﺘﻘﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻗﻤ ﺖ‬

‫ﺘﺢ أداة ﻣﻮﺟﻪ اﻷواﻣﺮ واﻧ‬
‫•اﻓ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻚ‪.‬‬‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﲆ زر اﻹدﺧﺎل ﻟ‬
‫ﺘ ﺐ ‪csc helloworld.cs‬‬
‫•اﻛ‬

‫ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻠﻒ ‪helloworld.exe‬اﻟﻘﺎ‬‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ وﻳﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺴﻴﻨﻘﻠﻚ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ اﻷواﻣﺮ إﱃ اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟ‬‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫•إذا ﻟﻢﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك أﺧﻄﺎء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬

‫ﺑﻚ‪.‬‬‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺨﺎص‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ ﺐ ‪helloworld‬ﻟ‬
‫•اﻛ‬

‫ﺒﻮﻋً ﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺸﺎﺷ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫•ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ رؤﻳ ﺔ اﻹﺧﺮاج ‪Hello World‬ﻣﻄ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻹﺟﺮاءا ت‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔﺗ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮن اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻮﺟﻪ ‪،‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ‪ .‬ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬‫‪ C#‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق‪.‬ﻳﻘﺎل إن اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻨﻮع ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻨﻮع أوﻳﻘﺎل إﻧﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﺘﺨﺬ ﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲ ﻗﺪﻳ‬
‫ﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ اﻹﺟﺮاءا ت اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﻮل ﻗﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎ ت وﺣ ﺴﺎ ب‬

‫ﺘﺎج إﱃ ﻃﺮق ﻟﻘ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎدًا ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ‪ .‬اﻋ‬
‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ ‪ .‬ﻟﻬﺎﺳﻤﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺜﺎل‪ ،‬دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻋﲆﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ وﻋﺮض اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻟـ ‪C# :‬‬‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ وﻧﻨﺎﻗ ﺶ‬

‫دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻠﻘ ﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﲆﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻈﺎم؛‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪RectangleApplication‬‬

‫{‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺴ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫‪//‬ﻣ‬

‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺰدوج‬

‫ﻋﺮض ﻣﺰدوج‬

‫ﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ )(‬
‫ﺒﻮل اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻗ‬

‫{‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل ؛‪= 4.5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺮض ؛‪= 3.5‬‬

‫}‬

‫‪GetArea‬اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟ ﺔ )(‬

‫{‬

‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻌﻮدة *اﻟﻌﺮض؛‬

‫}‬

‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟﻌﺎم )(‬

‫{‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬اﻟﻄﻮل‪{0}"، :‬اﻟﻄﻮل(;‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬اﻟﻌﺮض‪{0}"، :‬اﻟﻌﺮض(؛‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ‪{0}"، GetArea()); :‬‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺌ ﺔﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ )ﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ][اﻟﺤﺠﺞ(‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ؛)(‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ = ‪r‬اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫;)(‪r.Acceptdetails‬‬

‫;)(‪r.Display‬‬

‫;)(‪Console.ReadLine‬‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺞ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ أﻋﻼه و‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‪4.5 :‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺮض‪3.5 :‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ‪15.75 :‬‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫اﺳ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ C#‬ﻫ ﻲ‬‫ﺒﺎرة اﻷوﱃ ﻓ ﻲ أي‬
‫اﻟﻌ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻈﺎم؛‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪدة ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺎرا ت اﺳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺎ ت اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ‪use‬ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪C#‬‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف ‪*/‬‬‫ﺘﻬ ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨ‬‫ﺑـ ‪* /‬و‬‫ﺒﺪأ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪C#‬‬‫ﺘﻌﺪدة اﻷﺳﻄﺮ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ‪ .‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻤﻮن إدﺧﺎﻻ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎ ﻫﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻟﺸﺮح اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أدﻧﺎه ‪:‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫*‪/‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻟﻠ‬

‫ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪*/‬‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪"//".‬ﻋﲆﺳ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ذا ت اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﱃ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫‪}//‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ ﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت‪ .‬ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ﻣﺎ ‪،‬ﺗ ﺴ‬‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻫ ﻲﺳﻤﺎ ت أو أﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ ﻋﲆ‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻨﺎ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪.‬ﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺆدي ﻣﻬﻤ ﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺎرا ت اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ‬

‫ﺛﻼ ث وﻇﺎﺋﻒ أﻋﻀﺎء ‪AcceptDetails :‬و ‪GetArea‬و ‪Display.‬‬

‫ﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ‬
‫إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣ‬
‫ﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪Rectangle .‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﻣ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺘﻮي اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪ExecuteRectangle‬ﻋﲆ اﻷﺳﻠﻮ ب )(‪Main‬و‬
‫ﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ ﺴﺎ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘ ﺴﻤﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺌﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪ C #‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ أو وﻇﻴﻔ ﺔ أو أي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ آﺧﺮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﺌ ﺔ أو ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢﻳ ﺴ‬

‫رﻗﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻪﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮوف أو اﻷرﻗﺎم )‪(0 - 9‬أو ﺷﺮﻃ ﺔﺳﻔﻠﻴ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷول ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺤﺮفﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﻳ‬‫ﺒﺪأ اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫•ﻳﺠ ﺐ أنﻳ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻃ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠﻴ ﺔ ‪( _ ) .‬‬

‫ﺜﻞ ? ‪- +! @ # % ^ & * ( ) [ ] { } . ; : " ' /‬و ‪\.‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ أي ﻣ ﺴﺎﻓ ﺔ أو رﻣﺰ ﻣﻀﻤﻦ ﻣ‬
‫•ﻳﺠ ﺐ أﻻﻳﺤ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C#.‬‬
‫ﺒﻐ ﻲ أنﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻠﻤ ﺔ ر‬
‫•ﻻﻳﻨ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ج ‪#‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬إذا ﻛﻨ ﺖﺗﺮﻳﺪ اﺳ‬ ‫ﺒ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ ‪C# .‬ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ت ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ‪@.‬‬‫ﺑﺎدﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬

‫ﺜﻞ ‪get‬و‪tes‬ﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﺎص ﻓ ﻲﺳﻴﺎق اﻟ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ‪C#،‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة واﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ‪C#:‬‬

‫ﻳ ﺴﺮد اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاﺣ ﺔ‬
‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺛﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤ ﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻣﺰدوج‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺪاد‬

‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ث‬
‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪو ب‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬

‫أﺧﻴﺮا ً‬ ‫ﺒﺖ‬‫ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﺜﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻔﻮ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﺻﺮﻳﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﺷﻨﻴﻊ‬

‫ﻓ ﻲ ) ﻣﻌﺪل ﻋﺎم(‬
‫ﺿﻤﻨ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎ ت‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫‪com.foreach‬‬ ‫اذ ﻫ ﺐ إﱃ‬

‫ﻗﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﺳﻢ ﻃﻮﻳﻠ ﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫واﺟﻬﻪ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬ ‫داﺧﻠ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬

‫ﺧﺎرج‬
‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫) ﻣﻌﺪل ﻋﺎم(‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺮأ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮد‬ ‫‪sbyte‬‬

‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬

‫‪Stackalloc‬‬ ‫ﺘﺔ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬

‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺎول‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪uint‬‬

‫ّﻮل‬
‫ُﺤ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣ ﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاﺿ ﻲ‬
‫اﻓ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرغ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ وﻏﻴﺮ آﻣﻨ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻟ‬
‫‪ulong‬ﻟﻢﻳ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﺐ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻠ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎر‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ ﺔﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﻳ ﺔﺗﻨﺎزﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺼﻞ‬

‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺰ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺮك‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳﻨﻀﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻴ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺘ ﺐ(‬
‫)ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺰ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﺎر‬
‫ﻳﺨ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ(‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ‬

‫‪4.‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺬ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲ ﻗﺪﻳ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻹﺟﺮاءا ت‪.‬ﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ اﻹﺟﺮاءا ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟ‬‫ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻔ ﺔﺗ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ﻣﺨ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮن اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻮﺟﻪ ‪،‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ‪ .‬ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴ ﺔ اﻟ‬‫‪ C#‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ‬

‫ﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن أﻧﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق‪.‬ﻳﻘﺎل إن اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻨﻮع ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔ ﺲ اﻟﻨﻮع‪ ،‬أوﻳﻘﺎل ﻓ ﻲ ﻛ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬

‫ﺒﻮل ﻗﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﺴﻤﺎ ت‬

‫ﺘﺎج إﱃ ﻃﺮق ﻟﻘ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎدًا ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ‪ .‬اﻋ‬
‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻟﻬﺎﺳﻤﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺜﺎل‪ ،‬دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻋﲆﺳ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﺣ ﺴﺎ ب اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ وﻋﺮض اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻟـ ‪C# :‬‬‫ﺒﻴﻖ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪Rectangle‬وﻧﻨﺎﻗ ﺶ‬

‫دﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻠﻘ ﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﲆﺗﻄ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻈﺎم؛‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪RectangleApplication‬‬

‫{‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺴ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫‪//‬ﻣ‬

‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺰدوج‬

‫ﻋﺮض ﻣﺰدوج‬

‫ﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ )(‬
‫ﺒﻮل اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻗ‬

‫{‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل ؛‪= 4.5‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺮض ؛‪= 3.5‬‬

‫}‬

‫‪GetArea‬اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟ ﺔ )(‬

‫{‬

‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻌﻮدة *اﻟﻌﺮض؛‬

‫}‬

‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟﻌﺎم )(‬

‫‪12‬‬
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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫{‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬اﻟﻄﻮل‪{0}"، :‬اﻟﻄﻮل(;‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬اﻟﻌﺮض‪{0}"، :‬اﻟﻌﺮض(؛‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ‪{0}"، GetArea()); :‬‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺌ ﺔﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ )ﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ][اﻟﺤﺠﺞ(‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ؛)(‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ = ‪r‬اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬

‫;)(‪r.Acceptdetails‬‬

‫;)(‪r.Display‬‬

‫;)(‪Console.ReadLine‬‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺞ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ أﻋﻼه و‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‪4.5 :‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺮض‪3.5 :‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ‪15.75 :‬‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫اﺳ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ C#‬ﻫ ﻲ ‪-‬‬‫ﺒﺎرة اﻷوﱃ ﻓ ﻲ أي‬
‫اﻟﻌ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻈﺎم؛‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫‪13‬‬
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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺪدة ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﺎرا ت اﺳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣﺎ ت اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ‪use‬ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪C #‬‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف ‪*/‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺘﻬ ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨ‬‫ﺑـ ‪* /‬و‬‫ﺒﺪأ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪C#‬‬‫ﺘﻌﺪدة اﻷﺳﻄﺮ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ‪ .‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ إدﺧﺎﻻ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎ ﻫﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ﻟﺸﺮح اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أدﻧﺎه ‪:‬‬

‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫*‪/‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟ‬

‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠ ﺔ ‪C#‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻟﻠ‬

‫ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪*/‬‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪"//".‬ﻋﲆﺳ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ت ذا ت اﻟ ﺴﻄﺮ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﱃ اﻟ‬
‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺒﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫‪}//‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻄ‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪.‬ﻳ‬‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻫ ﻲﺳﻤﺎ ت أو أﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻓﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ ﺴﺎ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬

‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬

‫ﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ ﻋﲆ‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻨﺎ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪.‬ﻳﺤ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺆدي ﻣﻬﻤ ﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺒﺎرا ت اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺛﻼ ث وﻇﺎﺋﻒ أﻋﻀﺎء ‪GetArea، :‬و ‪AcceptDetails،‬و ‪Display.‬‬

‫‪InstantiatingaClass‬‬
‫ﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪Rectangle .‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﻣ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ اﻷﺳﻠﻮ ب )(‪Main‬و‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪ExecuteRectangle‬ﻛﻔﺌ ﺔﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺑﻖ‪،‬ﺗﻢ اﺳ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟ ﺴﺎ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ‬

‫‪14‬‬
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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت‬
‫ﺘ ﺴﻤﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺌﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪ C #‬ﻫ ﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ أو وﻇﻴﻔ ﺔ أو أي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ آﺧﺮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﺌ ﺔ أو ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢﻳ ﺴ‬

‫ﺒﻌﻪﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮوف‪،‬‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺤﺮفﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﻳ‬‫ﺒﺪأ اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫•ﻳﺠ ﺐ أنﻳ‬

‫اﻷرﻗﺎم ‪(0 - 9)،‬أو اﻟﺸﺮﻃ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠﻴ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷول ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻫﻮ ‪a‬‬

‫رﻗﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﻞ ? * & ^ ‪- +! @ #%‬‬

‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ أي ﻣ ﺴﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻣﻀﻤﻨ ﺔ أو رﻣﺰ ﻣ‬
‫•ﻳﺠ ﺐ أﻻﻳﺤ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻃ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻔﻠﻴ ﺔ ‪( _ ) .‬‬

‫‪( ) [ ] { } . ; : " ' /‬و ‪\.‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C#.‬‬
‫ﺒﻐ ﻲ أنﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻠﻤ ﺔ ر‬
‫•ﻻﻳﻨ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ج ‪#‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬إذا ﻛﻨ ﺖﺗﺮﻳﺪ اﺳ‬ ‫ﺒ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ ‪C# .‬ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ت ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف ‪@.‬‬‫ﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻤﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ أنﺗ ﺴ‬

‫ﺗ ﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﻞ ‪get‬و‪ ،tes‬و‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺎ ت ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﺎص ﻓ ﻲﺳﻴﺎق اﻟ‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ ‪C#،‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة واﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ‪C#:‬‬

‫ﻳ ﺴﺮد اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﺮ‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاﺣ ﺔ‬
‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻤ ﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺌ ﺔ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺛﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﻋﺸﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪو ب‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺰدوج‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺪاد‬

‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ث‬

‫ﺻﺮﻳﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﺷﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫أﺧﻴﺮا ً‬ ‫ﺒﺖ‬‫ُﻣ َ‬

‫ﺜﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻔﻮ‬ ‫ل‬

‫ﻓ ﻲ ) ﻣﻌﺪل ﻋﺎم(‬
‫‪com.foreach‬‬ ‫اذ ﻫ ﺐ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻨ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎ ت‬
‫ﻛ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫واﺟﻬﻪ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬ ‫داﺧﻠ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫ﺧﺎرج‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫) اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻌﺎم(‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوز‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎ ت‬

‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮأ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮد‬ ‫‪sbyte‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺛﺎ‬
‫‪Stackalloc‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ّﻮل‬
‫ُﺤ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻣ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘ ﻲ‬ ‫‪uint‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺎول‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة وﻏﻴﺮ آﻣﻨ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاﺿ ﻲ‬
‫اﻓ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرغ‬
‫‪ulong‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﻠ ﺐ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴﻴ ﺔ اﻟ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ت اﻟﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎر‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ ﺔﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﻳ ﺔﺗﻨﺎزﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺼﻞ‬

‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺰ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﺘﺮك‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺗﻴ ﺐ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺘ ﺐ(‬
‫)ﻳﻜ‬

‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺰ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﺎر‬
‫ﻳﺨ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ(‬

‫‪16‬‬
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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت‬
‫‪5.‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻓ ﻲ ﻟﻐ ﺔ ‪C#‬إﱃ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫•أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ‬

‫•أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬

‫•أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌ ﺔ ‪System.ValueType.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪ .‬و ﻫ ﻲ ﻣﺸ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻧﻮع اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻣ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺘﻮاﻟ ﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺨﺰن اﻷرﻗﺎم واﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﻬﺠﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ وأرﻗﺎم اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻠ ﺔ ﻫ ﻲ ‪float،‬و ‪char‬و ‪int‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣ‬‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻣ‬‫ﺘﻮي أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻋﲆ‬
‫ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﻟ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع ‪int ،‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬

‫ﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻓ ﻲ ‪C# 2010 :‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟ ﻲ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻳ ﺴﺮد اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮعﻳﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاوح‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤ ﺔ أو ﺧﺎﻃﺌ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﺷﻨﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳ ﺖ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌ ﺔ‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪8‬‬ ‫‪0‬إﱃ ‪255‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺷﺎر‬ ‫ﺑ ﺖ ﻣﻦ ‪U +0000‬إﱃ ‪U +ffff‬‬

‫ﺣﺮف ‪Unicode‬ذو ‪16‬‬ ‫'‪'\0‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ ﻋﺸﺮي دﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫‪128‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻋﺸﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫رﻗﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ‪ً 28-29‬‬
‫ﺘ ﻲﺗﺤ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟ‬ ‫‪(-7.9 × 1028‬إﱃ ‪7.9 × 1028) / 100‬إﱃ ‪28 0.0‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ ﻣﺰدوج اﻟﺪﻗ ﺔ ‪64‬‬
‫ﻣﺰدوج‬ ‫‪(+/-)5.0 × 10-324‬إﱃ ‪(+/-) 1.7 × 10308 0.0‬دي‬

‫ﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻗ ﺔ ‪32‬‬‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻔﻮ‬ ‫‪-3.4 × 1038‬إﱃ ‪+ 3.4 × 1038‬‬ ‫‪0.0F‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎ ت‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺑ ﺖ ‪-2,147,483,648‬إﱃ ‪2,147,483,647 0‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ّ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪32‬‬

‫‪9,223,372,036,854,775,807‬‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ّ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪64‬‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬
‫‪0‬ﻟ‬
‫‪-923,372,036,854,775,808‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ ‪-128‬إﱃ ‪127‬‬ ‫‪sbyte‬ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪Machine Translated by Google‬‬

‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺖ ‪-32,768‬إﱃ ‪32,767‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪16‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪32‬‬
‫‪uint‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪0‬إﱃ ‪4,294,967,295‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪64‬‬
‫‪ulong‬‬ ‫‪0‬إﱃ ‪18,446,744,073,709,551,615 0‬‬

‫ﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪16‬‬
‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪0‬إﱃ ‪65,535‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﺮ )‪sizeof(type‬ﺣﺠﻢﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ أو اﻟﻨﻮع‬

‫ﺘﻌ‬‫ﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ ‪sizeof .‬ﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻨﺼ ﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻨﻮع أو ﻣ‬
‫ﺜﺎل ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻮع ‪int‬ﻋﲆ أي ﺟﻬﺎز‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻳ ﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬

‫ﻣ ﺴﺎﺣ ﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪DataTypeApplication‬‬

‫{‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺼﻒ‬

‫{‬

‫ﺋﻴ ﺴ ﻲ )ﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ][اﻟﺤﺠﺞ(‬

‫ﺑ ﺖ اﻟﺮ‬
‫ﺜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ اﻟ‬

‫{‬

‫‪")eniLetirW.elosnoC‬ﺣﺠﻢ ;))‪int: {0}"، sizeof(int‬‬

‫;)(‪Console.ReadLine‬‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫}‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻴﺠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺞ اﻟﻨ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴ ﺔ أﻋﻼه و‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ‪int: 4‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻮي أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﲆ اﻟ‬
‫ﻻﺗﺤ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪدة ‪،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أنﺗﺸﻴﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ إﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‪ .‬إذاﺗﻢﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬‫ﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌ‬‫و‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻌﻜ ﺲ ذﻟﻚﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ًﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄ ﺔ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤ‬‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬

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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﲆﺳ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬
‫ﺜﺎل ‪ :‬اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎر ﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪System.Object .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪C# Common Type System (CTS).‬اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻞﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺪم‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗ‬ ‫ﺒ ًﻘﺎ أو ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬
‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻢﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ تﻷي أﻧﻮاع أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬أو أﻧﻮاع ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬أو أﻧﻮاع ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬أو أﻧﻮاع ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﺎج إﱃﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻨﻮع‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺤ‬

‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎﺋﻦ إﱃ ﻧﻮع ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ‪،‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ "‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ إﱃ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‪،‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺳﻢ "اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻤ ﺔ" ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ؛‬

‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ‪ //‬؛‪ = 100‬ﻫﺬه ﻣﻼﻛﻤ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻓ ﻲ وﻗ ﺖ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ﻟﻬﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻟ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ ‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻧﻮع اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬

‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ = >‪<variable_name‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤ ﺔ؛‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻋﲆﺳ‬

‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ د ؛‪= 20‬‬

‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت اﻟﻨﻮع‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣ‬
‫ﺘﻢ اﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳ‬‫ﺘﺮﺟﻤ ﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﻢ ﻓ ﻲ وﻗ ﺖ اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻧﻮع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦﻳ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎ ت ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺪا أن اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ وﻗ ﺖ اﻟ‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ﻧﻮع اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎر ﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ ‪System.String .‬ﻣﺸ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮ ‪ .‬ﻧﻮع اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ ﻣ ﺴ‬
‫ﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻚ ﻧﻮع اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ أي ﻗﻴﻢﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺒ ﺲ و ‪@quoted.‬‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﺨﺪامﺳﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﻘ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻋﲆﺳ‬

‫= ‪"String str‬ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟﺪروس";‬

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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺒﺪو اﻟ ﺴﻠ ﺴﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴ ﺔ ‪@quoted‬ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗ‬

‫@"ﻧﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟﺪروس";‬

‫ﺘﺤﺪ ث ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻓ ﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻻﺣﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺨﺪم ﻫ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻔﺌ ﺔ أو اﻟﻮاﺟﻬ ﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻔﻮض‪ .‬وﺳﻨ‬
‫ﺒﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺴ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗ‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮا ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪C‬‬‫ﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﺘ ﻲﺗ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔ ﺲ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ ت اﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮا ت ﻓ ﻲ ‪C#‬‬
‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع آﺧﺮ‪.‬ﺗ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺘﻐﻴﺮا ت ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﻣ‬
‫أو ‪C++.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع* اﻟﻤﻌﺮف؛‬

‫ﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻋﲆﺳ‬

‫ﺘﺮ;‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷﺎر* ﻛ‬

‫;‪int*iptr‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗ ﺶ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮا ت ﻓ ﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ "اﻟﺮﻣﻮز ﻏﻴﺮ اﻵﻣﻨ ﺔ" ‪.‬‬

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‫ج‪#‬‬

‫ﺘﻪ‪...‬‬
‫ﺒﻚ ﻣﺎ رأﻳ‬
‫ﺘﺮوﻧ ﻲ إذا أﻋﺠ‬
‫ﺘﺎ ب اﻹﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻜ‬

‫ﺘﺠﺮﻧﺎ ‪@ https://store.tutorialspoint.com‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮاﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣ‬‫ﻗﻢ‬

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