Activity Number: 1.

2
I. Lesson Title: Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable
II. Objectives:
At the end of the session, the students can illustrate, interpret, and calculate the mean and variance of a discrete random variable by:
1. Determining the mean and variance of a discrete random variable;
2. Internalizing the uses of mean and variance of a discrete random variable in a real-life scenario; and
3. Calculating the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable.
III. Reference/s: Alonzo, A. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School. Salinlahi Publishing House, Inc., 2016.
IV. Values: Perseverance

I. INTRODUCTION
A. Activity 1: Fly Me to My Dreams! (20pts)
You have already learned how to find values and compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable presented in a graph
and probability distribution.
SCENARIO: Consider your dream destination outside of your home country that you would most like to visit. What is it? What is the
probability that you will reach in that place? We'll see if your wish comes true. We will have an activity in which it will be determined
if you are capable of making your dream come true or not. But first, you must obtain a passport in order to board an international
flight. In order for your passport to be valid, you need to go and get a stamp from the front desk clerk. But then again, getting the
stamp is not that easy. I give you your passport now, and inside that, you need to accomplish the tasks that are listed. Once they are
completed, come to me (as the front desk clerk) and you will get the stamp. Once you get your stamp that means that you will definitely
make your dream come true. I'll now hand over your passports. But the first thing that you must do is listen to my instructions.
TASK: Answer this problem for you to get your stamp: A fair coin is tossed thrice. Let X be equal to the number of heads (H)
observed. Construct the discrete probability distribution of X.
II. INTERACTION
B. Concept Notes

LESSON 3 MEAN OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

The mean or expected value of a discrete random variable X is computed using the following formula:
E ( X )=∑ ¿ ¿
Where X =discrete random variable
x=outcome∨value of the random variable
P ( x )= probability of the outcome x

EXAMPLE 1
A random variable X has this probability distribution:
X 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.13 0.44 0.34 0.09
Find the mean or expected value of X.
SOLUTION

X P(x) xP(x)
0 0.13 0
1 0.44 0.44
2 0.34 0.68
3 0.09 0.27
∑ [ xP ( x ) ]=1.39
E ( X )=∑ ¿ ¿
¿ 1.39 Therefore, the expected value is 1.39.

VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

Thevarianceof a random variable X is denoted by σ 2. It can likewise be written as Var(X). The variance of a random variable is the
expected value of the square of the difference between the assumed value ofrandom variable and the mean. The variance of X is:
Var ( X )=∑ ¿ ¿or σ =∑ ¿ ¿
2

Where x=outcome
μ= population mean
P ( x )= probability of the outcome
The standard deviation of a discrete random variable X is written as σ . It is the square root of the variance. The standard deviation is
computed as:
 σ =√ ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
EXAMPLE 2
Find the variance and the standard deviation of the following probability mass function.
X P(x)
0 0.12
1 0.25
2 0.18
3 0.35
4 0.10
SOLUTION
Steps
1. Find the expected value.
2. Subtract the expected value from each outcome. Square each difference.
3. Multiply each squared difference by the corresponding probability.
4. Sum up all the figures obtained in Step 3.
X P(x) xP(x) x−μ ¿ ¿
0 0.12 0 0-2.06=2.06 4.2436 0.509232
1 0.25 0.25 1-2.06=-1.06 1.1236 0.28090
2 0.18 0.36 2-2.06=0.06 0.0036 0.000648
3 0.35 1.05 3-2.06=0.94 0.8836 0.30926
4 0.10 0.40 4-2.06=1.94 3.7636 0.37636
∑ [ xP ( x ) ]=2.06 ∑ [ ( x−μ ¿¿¿ 2 P ( x ) ) ] =¿ 1.4764 ¿
μ=∑ [ xP ( x ) ] σ =∑ ¿ ¿
2
σ =√ ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
¿ 2.06 ¿ 1.4764 ¿ √ 1.4764
¿ 1.2151
EXERCISES:
1. Find the expected value of each probability mass function below.
X 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.16
2.
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.07 0.30 0.35 0.23 0.05

LESSON 4 PROBLEMS INVOLVING MEAN AND VARIANCE OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

EXAMPLE 1
The SSG officers of SMA initiated a color fun in the school. 560 slots will be opened for registration. Most colorful runner will win
P2,500. The other runners will win nothing. If you are one of the registrants, what will be your expected value and variance of your
gain?
SOLUTION
Most colorful runner will have a gain of P2,500 but the probability of winning will only be 1/560 or 0.00179. the remaining runners
will have a gain of P0.00, and the probability will be 559/560 of 0.99821.
X P(x) xP(x) 2
x P( x )
0 0.99821 0 0
2500 0.00179 4.48 11, 187.5
∑ [ xP ( x ) ]=4.48 ∑ [ ( x 2 P ( x ) ) ]=11,187.5
a. E ( X )=∑ [ xP ( x ) ] b. σ 2=∑ [ x 2 P ( x ) ]−¿ ¿
¿ 4.48 ¿ 11,187.5−¿
¿ 11,167.43
The expected value isP4.48.

The variance of your gain is 11,167.43 and it indicates how spread out the values of x are around the mean. Given this large value, this
shows that the values are very far away from each other.

C. Individual Practice
Exercise 1. Application
Where can you apply Statistics and Probability in your life as a student? Cite some specific scenarios that greatly involve statistics and
explain why. (10pts)
Exercise 2. Solving
Instruction: Solve the given problem.
1. Find the variance and standard deviation of each following probability distribution:
X 0 1 2 3
f(x) 0.10 0.45 0.25 0.20
D. Collaborative Activity
Activity s1. Think-Pair-Share
The owner of the hotel is giving away 160 tickets for a promo. One ticket will win P10,000. The other tickets will win nothing. If you
will be given two of the tickets, what will be your expected value and variance of your gain?
Activity 2. Group Discussion
Instruction: Discuss with your group all the parts of our discussion which you didn’t understand well. After discussing it to the group,
present it in the class and choose a group that would help answer your concerns.
III. INTEGRATION
“Probability deals with predicting the likelihood of future events, while statistics involves the analysis of the frequency of past
events.”
D. CLOSURE:
Do you agree with what is being stated in the integration section? Why and why not? (10pts)