First Year

Subject: Basic Electrical Machines, Course Code: IIOT 2101

Unit III- D.C. Motors
Numerical
Example 1. The armature resistance (𝑅! ) of 200 V shunt motor is 0.4 ohms and no-load
current (𝐼!" ) is 2 A. When loaded and taking an armature current (𝐼!# ) of 50 A, the speed (𝑁# )
is 1200 r.p.m. Find approximately the no-load speed (𝑁" ).

Solution:

𝑬𝟎 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟎 × 𝑹𝒂 = 200 − 2 × 0.4 = 199.2 (𝑉)

𝑬𝟏 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟏 × 𝑹𝒂 = 200 − 50 × 0.4 = 180 (𝑉)

𝑵𝟏 𝑬𝟏 𝝋𝟎
= ×
𝑵𝟎 𝑬𝟎 𝝋𝟏

For a shunt motor, 𝝋𝟏 = 𝝋𝟎

𝑬𝟎 $%%.' ×$'**
𝑵𝟎 = × 𝑵𝟏 = = 1328 r.p.m.
𝑬𝟏 $+*

Ans: The no-load speed is Approximately 1328 r.p.m.

Example 2. A 250 V shunt motor on no load runs at 1000 r.p.m. and takes 5 A. The total
armature and shunt field resistance are respectively 0.2 ohms and 250 ohms. Calculate the
speed when loaded and taking a current of 50 A, if the armature reaction weakens the field
by 3%.

Solution:

IL = 5 A,
𝑽 250
𝑰𝒔𝒉 = = = 1 (𝐴)
𝑹𝒔𝒉 250
Ia1 = IL1 - Ish = 5 – 1 = 4 (A)
E1 = V – Ia1 x Ra = 250 – 4 x 0.2 = 249.2 (V)

Armature current on load

Ia2 = IL2 - Ish = 50 – 1 = 49 (A)
E2 = V – Ia2 x Ra = 250 – 49 x 0.2 = 240.2 (V)

𝜑) = 0.97 × 𝜑#

𝑵𝟐 𝑬𝟐 × 𝝋𝟏 240.2 × 𝜑#
= =
𝑵𝟏 𝑬𝟏 × 𝝋𝟐 249.2 × 0.97 × 𝜑#

240.2 × 1000
𝑁) = = 993.69 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
249.2 × 0.97
By Prof. A. Saonerkar, YCCE, Nagpur
 First Year
Subject: Basic Electrical Machines, Course Code: IIOT 2101
Unit III- D.C. Motors
Numerical
Example 3. A 4-pole, 250 V, wave-connected shunt motor gives 10 kW when running at 1000
r.p.m. and drawing armature and field currents of 60 A and 1 A respectively. It has 560
conductors. Its armature resistance (Ra) is 0.2 ohms. Assuming a drop of 1V per brush,
determine:
(a) Total torque (𝜏),
(b) useful torque (𝜏,-./,0 ),
(c) useful flux per pole (∅),
(d) rotational losses, and
(e) efficiency.

Solution:
E = V – Ia Ra – Brush drop
E = 250 – 60 x 0.2 – 2x1 = 236 (V)

𝟐𝝅𝑵 '( * +! '( ×,0'×'(

(a) 𝝉× = 𝑬 × 𝑰𝒂 𝜏= = = 135.22 𝑁𝑚
𝟔𝟎 ,-. ,-×1(((

(b) 𝝉𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 = 𝝉𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒇𝒕 𝑃9,: = 10 𝑘𝑊 = 10 × 10; (𝑊)

𝟐𝝅𝑵
𝝉𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍 × = 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝟔𝟎

60 × 10 × 10(
𝜏#$%&#' = 2𝜋 × 1000
= 95.49 𝑁𝑚

𝑵𝑷∅𝒁
(c) 𝑬 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑨 (for wave winding, A = 2)
60 𝐸 𝐴 60 × 236 × 2
∅= = = 0.0126 (𝑊𝑏)
𝑁𝑃𝑍 1000 × 4 × 560

(d) 𝐀𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 = 𝑽 𝑰𝒂 = 250 × 60 = 15000 (𝑊)

𝐀𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐬 = 𝑰𝟐𝒂 𝑹𝒂 = 60) × 0.2 = 720 (𝑊)

𝐁𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐬 = 𝑽𝒃 𝑰𝒂 = 2 × 60 = 120 (𝑊)

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐝 = 𝑽 𝑰𝒂 − 𝑰𝟐𝒂 𝑹𝒂 − 𝑽𝒃 𝑰𝒂 = 15000 − 720 − 120

= 14160 (𝑊)

Total power output + rotational losses = power developed

Therefore, Rotational losses = power developed – total power output = 14160 – 10000
= 4160 (W)
By Prof. A. Saonerkar, YCCE, Nagpur
 First Year
Subject: Basic Electrical Machines, Course Code: IIOT 2101
Unit III- D.C. Motors
Numerical
(e) Total power of motor = V x I = V x (Ia + Ish) = 250 x (60+1) = 15250 (W)

𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 10 × 103

𝐌𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = × 100 = 65.57%
𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 15250

Example 4. A 220 V, D.C. series motor is running at a speed of 800 r.p.m. and draws 100 A.
Calculate at what speed the motor will run when developing half the torque. Total resistance
of the armature and field is 0.1 ohms. Assume that the magnetic circuit is unsaturated.

Solution:
For a series motor, ∅ ∝ 𝑰𝒂

Torque (𝜏), 𝝉 ∝ ∅𝑰𝒂 ∝ 𝑰𝟐

𝒂
𝝉 = 𝒌 × 𝑰𝟐𝒂
𝝉𝟏 = 𝒌 × 𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟏 𝝉𝟐 = 𝒌 × 𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟐

𝝉𝟐 𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟐
=
𝝉𝟏 𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟏
'
1 𝐼C'
=
2 100'

$**
𝐼C' = = 70.7 (A)
√'

𝑬𝟏 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟏 × 𝑹𝒂 = 220 − 100 × 0.1 = 210 (𝑉)

𝑬𝟐 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟐 × 𝑹𝒂 = 220 − 70.7 × 0.1 = 212.93 (𝑉)

𝑵𝟐 𝑬𝟐 𝝋𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝑰𝒂𝟏
= × = ×
𝑵𝟏 𝑬𝟏 𝝋𝟐 𝑬𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟐

𝑁) 212.93 100
= ×
800 210 70.7

N2 = 1147.3 r.p.m.
Example 5. A 200 V D.C. series motor runs at 1000 r.p.m. and takes 20 A. Combined resistance
of armature and field is 0.4 ohms. Calculate the resistance to be inserted in series so as to
reduce the speed to 800 r.p.m., assuming torque to vary as square of the speed and linear
magnetization curve.

By Prof. A. Saonerkar, YCCE, Nagpur

 First Year
Subject: Basic Electrical Machines, Course Code: IIOT 2101
Unit III- D.C. Motors
Numerical
Solution:
Let’s assume, Case 1 (1000 r.p.m.) suffix is 1 and Case 2 (800 r.p.m.) suffix is 2:

IL = Ia1 = 20 A, N1 = 1000 r.p.m., N2 = 800 r.p.m.

𝑬𝟏 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟏 × 𝑹𝒂𝟏 = 200 − 20 × 0.4 = 192 (𝑉)

For D.C. series motor: ∅ ∝ 𝑰𝒂 and Torque (𝜏), 𝝉 ∝ ∅𝑰𝒂 ∝ 𝑰𝟐

𝒂

𝝉𝟐 𝝋𝟐 𝑰𝒂𝟐 𝑰 𝟐 𝑵 𝟐 800 ,
= = / 𝒂𝟐 0 = / 𝟐 0 = / 0 = 0.64
𝝉𝟏 𝝋𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟏 𝑵𝟏 1000

We can take,
𝑰
𝟐 800
'
8 𝒂𝟐9 = 8 9 = 0.64
𝑰𝒂𝟏 1000

𝑰𝒂𝟐
= √0.64 = 0.8
𝑰𝒂𝟏

𝐼!) = 0.8 × 𝐼!# = 0.8 × 20 = 16 (𝐴)

Let R be the additional resistance to be connected in series with the armature.
𝑬𝟐 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟒 + 𝑹) = 200 − 16 (0.4 + 𝑅)

𝐸) = 193.6 − 16𝑅

𝑬𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝝋𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝑰𝒂𝟐 800 × 16
= = = = 0.64
𝑬𝟏 𝑵𝟏 𝝋𝟏 𝑵𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟏 1000 × 20

193.6 − 16𝑅
= 0.64
192

𝟏𝟗𝟑. 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟗𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒
𝑹= = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟐 (𝑶𝒉𝒎𝒔)
𝟏𝟔

Example 6. A series motor, with an unsaturated magnetic circuit and 0.5 Ohms total
resistance, when running at a certain speed takes 60 A at 500 V. If the load torque varies as
the cube of the speed, calculate the resistance required to reduce the speed by 25%.

Solution:

By Prof. A. Saonerkar, YCCE, Nagpur

 First Year
Subject: Basic Electrical Machines, Course Code: IIOT 2101
Unit III- D.C. Motors
Numerical

𝑬𝟏 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂 × 𝑹𝒂 = 500 − 60 × 0.5 = 470 (𝑉)

N2 = 0.75 N1

𝝉 ∝ 𝑵𝟑

𝝉𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝟑
= ? @ = 0.75;
𝝉𝟏 𝑵𝟏

𝝉 ∝ ∅ 𝑰𝒂

𝝉𝟐 ∅𝟐 𝑰𝒂𝟐 𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟐
= = 𝟐
𝝉𝟏 ∅𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟏

𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝟑
=? @
𝑰𝟐𝒂𝟏 𝑵𝟏

'
𝐼C'
'
= 0.75; , 𝐼C' = 60D0.75; = 38.97 (𝐴)
60

Let R be the additional resistance to be connected in series with the armature.

𝑬𝟐 = 𝑽 − 𝑰𝒂𝟐 × ( 𝑹𝒂 + 𝑹) = 500 − 38.97(0.5 + 𝑅); 𝐸) = 480.5 − 38.97 𝑅

𝑬𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝝋𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝑰𝒂𝟐
= =
𝑬𝟏 𝑵𝟏 𝝋𝟏 𝑵𝟏 𝑰𝒂𝟏

480.5 − 38.97𝑹 0.75 × 38.97

=
470 60
R = 6.455 (Ohms)
The end

By Prof. A. Saonerkar, YCCE, Nagpur