SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Title: Units of Measurements
Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Units of Measurements
First Edition, 2020

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General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Units of Measurements
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Units and Measurements!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

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that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Units and Measurements!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
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Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
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developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Units and Measurements. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson with subtopics, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Units of Measurements
✔ Physical Quantities
✔ Conversion of Units
✔ Scientific Notation

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define physical quantity;
2. differentiate fundamental and derived quantity;
3. differentiate metric and British system of measurement;
4. convert units of measurement;
5. express number in scientific notation; and
6. solve measurement problems involving conversion of units and expression in
scientific notation

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Covert 6 721 millimeters to meters.

a. 6.721 c. 672 100
b. 67.21 d. 6 721 000

2. If 2 mL of liquid weighs 4 g, its density is

a. 0.5 g/mL c. 2 g/mL
b. 1 g/mL d. 4 g/mL

3. If the density of a substance is 8 g/mL, what volume would 40 g of the

substance occupy?
a. 0.2 mL c. 32 mL
b. 5 mL d. 320 mL

4. Covert 300C to 0F
a. -1.11 c. 271.89
b. 86 d. 359

5. How many cubic centimeters are there in a cubic meter?

a. 0.1 c. 102
b. 1 d. 106

6. What is the perimeter of a rectangular room that has a length of 5.1 m

and a width that is 2 m less than the length?
a. 14.2 m c. 20.4 m
b. 16.4 m d. 24.4 m

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7. How much wood do you need to a form a triangular garden frame if one
side of the frame has a length of 11 ft, and the other two sides are 2 feet
longer than the first side?
a. 33 ft c. 36 ft
b. 35 ft d. 37 ft

8. How many inches is 9’10”?

a. 116” c. 129”
b. 118” d. 228”

9. How many yards is 9 mi?

a. 12 672 yards c. 15 840 yards
b. 14 500 yards d. 16 040 yards

10. Tessie measures her bathroom tiles to be 10 in by 8 in. What are the
length and width in cm?
a. 20.32 cm by 19.6 cm c. 25.4 cm to 24.5 cm
b. 25.4 cm by 20.32 cm d. 35.4 cm by 12.32 cm

11. 1.5 x 105

a. 0.000015 c. 1 500 000
b. 150 000 d. 11 500 000

12. 27 000 written in scientific notation is

a. 27 x 10-4 c. 2.7 x 103
b. 2.7 x 10-4 d. 2.7 x 104

13. 0.000 345 written in scientific notation

a. 3.45 x 10-4 c. 3.45 x 104
b. 3.45 d. 3.45 x 105

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14. Which of these values is greatest?
a. 0.0056 c. 5.6 x 10-2
b. 0.56 d. 56 x 10-2

15. 10-4
10-2
a. 10-6 c. 102
b. 10-2 d. 106

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Lesson

1 Units of Measurement
Physicists, like other scientists, make observations and ask basic questions.
For example, how big is an object? How much mass does it have? How far did it
travel? To answer these questions, they make measurements with various instruments
(e.g., meter stick, balance, stopwatch, etc.).

The measurements of physical quantities are expressed in terms of units, which

are standardized values. For example, the length of a race, which is a physical
quantity, can be expressed in meters (for sprinters) or kilometers (for long distance
runners). Without standardized units, it would be extremely difficult for scientists to
express and compare measured values in a meaningful way.

What’s In

How many units do we have for 1 foot or 12 inches ruler?

How many millimeters (mm), centimeters (cm), inches (in), foot (ft)?

Classify the given quantities as Metric System or British System of

measurement: 5 yards of cloth, 10 kg of banana, 8 hours watching TV, 8 inches
shoes, 30 miles walking and 70 km/h speed of Typhoon Hanna.

Notes to the Teacher

It is significant that learners had background on the use of
mathematical operations, in particular to multiplication and
division. They should familiarize conversion factor of Metric and
British system of measurement as well as prefix of power of ten
notation.

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 What’s New

Physical Quantities
All physical quantities in the International System of Units (SI) are expressed in
terms of combinations of seven fundamental physical units, which are units for:
length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, amount of a substance, and
luminous intensity.

SI Units: Fundamental and Derived Units

There are two major systems of units used in the wor d: units acronym for
the rench e ysteme nternationa d’ nites, also known as the metric system),
and English units (also known as the imperial system). English units were historically
used in nations once ruled by the British Empire. Today, the United States is the only
country that still uses English units extensively. Virtually every other country in the
world now uses the metric system, which is the standard system agreed upon by
scientists and mathematicians.

Some physical quantities are more fundamental than others. In physics, there
are seven fundamental physical quantities that are measured in base or physical
fundamental units: length, mass, time, electric current temperature, amount of
substance, and luminous intensity. Units for other physical quantities (such as force,
speed, and electric charge) described by mathematically combining these seven base
units. In this course, we will mainly use five of these: length, mass, time, electric
current and temperature. The units in which they are measured are the meter,
kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. All other units are made by
mathematically combining the fundamental units. These are called derived units.

Table 1. SI Base Units

Quantity Name Symbol

Length Meter M
Mass Kilogram Kg
Time Second S
Electric current Ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of substance Mole Mol
Luminous intensity Candela Cd

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Metric Prefixes
Physical objects or phenomena may vary widely. For example, the size of objects varies
from something very small (like an atom) to something very large (like a star). Yet the
standard metric unit of length is the meter. So, the metric system includes many
prefixes that can be attached to a unit. Each prefix is based on factors of 10 (10, 100,
1,000, etc., as well as 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, etc.).

Table 2 Metric Prefixes and symbols used to denote the different various factors of 10 in the
metric system
Example Example Example Example
Prefix Symbol Value
Name Symbol Value Description

Distance
Exa E 1018 Exameter Em 1018 m light travels
in a century

30 million
Peta P 1015 Petasecond Ps 1015 s
years

Powerful
Tera T 1012 Terawatt TW 1012 W
laser output

A
Giga G 109 Gigahertz GHz 109 Hz microwave
frequency

High
Mega M 106 Megacurie MCi 106 Ci
radioactivity

About 6/10
Kilo K 103 Kilometer Km 103 m
mile

hector H 102 Hectoliter hL 102 L 26 gallons

Teaspoon of
Deka Da 101 Dekagram Dag 101 g
butter

____ ____ 100 (=1)

Less than
Deci D 10–1 Deciliter dL 10–1 L
half a soda

Fingertip
Centi C 10–2 Centimeter Cm 10–2 m
thickness

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 Flea at its
Mili M 10–3 Millimeter Mm 10–3 m
shoulder

Detail in
Micro µ 10–6 Micrometer µm 10–6 m
microscope

Small speck
Nano N 10–9 Nanogram Ng 10–9 g
of dust

Small
Pico P 10–12 Picofarad pF 10–12 F capacitor in
radio

Size of a
Femto F 10–15 Femtometer Fm 10–15 m
proton

Time light
takes to
Atto A 10–18 Attosecond As 10–18 s
cross an
atom

The metric system is convenient because conversions between metric units can be
done simply by moving the decimal place of a number. This is because the metric
prefixes are sequential powers of 10. There are 100 centimeters in a meter, 1000
meters in a kilometer, and so on. In nonmetric systems, such as U.S. customary units,
the relationships are less simple—there are 12 inches in a foot, 5,280 feet in a mile, 4
quarts in a gallon, and so on. Another advantage of the metric system is that the same
unit can be used over extremely large ranges of values simply by switching to the
most-appropriate metric prefix. For example, distances in meters are suitable for
building construction, but kilometers are used to describe road construction.
Therefore, with the metric system, there is no need to invent new units when
measuring very small or very large objects—you just have to move the decimal point
(and use the appropriate prefix).

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 What is It

Unit Conversion and Dimensional Analysis

A conversion factor relating meters to kilometers. A conversion factor is a ratio
expressing how many of one unit are equal to another unit. A conversion factor is
simply a fraction which equals 1. You can multiply any number by 1 and get the same
value. When you multiply a number by a conversion factor, you are simply multiplying
it by one. For example, the following are conversion factors:

1 foot/12 inches = 1 to convert inches to feet, 1 meter/100 centimeters

= 1 to convert centimeters to meters,

1 minute/60 seconds = 1 to convert seconds to minutes

In this case, we know that there are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer.

Now we can set up our unit conversion. We will write the units that we have and then
multiply them by the conversion factor (1 km/1,000m) = 1, so we are simply
multiplying 80m by 1:

Using Scientific Notation with Physical Measurements

Scientific notation is a way of writing numbers that are too large or small to be
conveniently written as a decimal. For example, consider the number
840,000,000,000,000. t’s a rather large number to write out. The scientific notation
for this number is 8.40 × 1014. Scientific notation follows this general format

x × 10y

In this format x is the value of the measurement with all placeholder zeros
removed. In the example above, x is 8.4. The x is multiplied by a factor, 10y,
which indicates the number of placeholder zeros in the measurement.
Placeholder zeros are those at the end of a number that is 10 or greater, and at
the beginning of a decimal number that is less than 1. In the example above,
the factor is 1014. This tells you that you should move the decimal point 14
positions to the right, filling in placeholder zeros as you go. In this case, moving
the decimal point 14 places creates only 13 placeholder zeros, indicating that
the actual measurement value is 840,000,000,000,000.
Numbers that are fractions can be indicated by scientific notation as well.
Consider the number 0.0000045. Its scientific notation is 4.5 × 10–6. Its
scientific notation has the same format

x × 10y

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Here, x is 4.5. However, the value of y in the 10y factor is negative, which
indicates that the measurement is a fraction of 1. Therefore, we move the
decimal place to the left, for a negative y. In our example of 4.5 × 10–6, the
decimal point would be moved to the left six times to yield the original number,
which would be 0.0000045.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1 Conversion of Units

Convert the given quantities:

1. 150 cm to m
2. 360 mm to m
3. 2100 cm3 to l
4. 1.2 GV to V
5. 4.6 ms to s
6. 450 K to 0F

Activity 1.2 Scientific Notation

● Express the following numbers in scientific notation.
1. 98
2. 0.0026
3. 0.0000401
4. 643.9
5. 816
6. 45800
7. 0.0068
8. 5600
9. 902
10. 0.0045

● Transform the following scientific notation to standard notation

1. 6.455 x 104
2. 3.1 x 10-6
3. 5.00 x 10-2
4. 7.2 x 103
5. 9 x 105
6. 7.4 x 10-3
7. 9.3 x 102
8. 2.5 x 10-4
9. 4.01 x 101
10. 2.4 x 100

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Activity 1.3 Problem Solving
Problem Solving: Solve the given problem. Identify the given quantities and solve for
the unknown quantities. BOX the final answer.

1. The temperature of a windshield on a winter morning is 10 0F. If the melting

point is 00C, how many degrees must the temperature of the windshield be
raised before the ice can melt?
2. armers must monitor their catt e for signs of infection or disease. A cow’s
healthy body temperature is 102.50F. What is its body temperature in degrees
Celsius?
3. Conrad is making veggie burgers for 18 children with special dietary needs at
summer camp. The burgers should be 50 g each. How many pounds of veggies
burger mix should he defrost?
4. A train on a roller coaster ride can safely carry up to 10 000 lb. If the average
adult weighs 72 kg, how many passengers can ride the roller coaster at once?
5. A diving platform at a public swimming fool has a maximum load of 300 lb.
How many 40 kg children can stand on the platform?

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 What I Have Learned

1. Physical quantities are unit that describes the size of the quantity.
There are number that gives us the count of times the unit is contained
in the quantity being measured.
2. Physical Quantities are classified as fundamental and derived quantities.
Fundamental Quantities are the simplest form. Derived Quantities are
combination of fundamental Quantities.
3. Systems of measurement are Metric System of System International (SI) and
English System or British System of measurement.
4. Conversion of unit common method used is the factor-label method.
5. Scientific Notation is a convenient way of writing very small or very large
numbers. To write in scientific notation, follow the form N x 10a, where N is a
number between 1 and 10, but not 10 itself, a is an integer (positive or
negative number)

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 What I Can Do

Calculate your mass in gram, kilogram and lb.

Calculate the length of your notebook in mm, cm, inches, foot and km.
Calculate your temperature in 0C, 0F and K.
Show the conversion of units and express your answer in scientific notation.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Covert 6 721 millimeters to meters.
a. 6.721 c. 672 100
b. 67.21 d. 6 721 000

2. If 2 mL of liquid weighs 4 g, its density is

a. 0.5 g/mL c. 2 g/mL
b. 1 g/mL d. 4 g/mL

3. If the density of a substance is 8 g/mL, what volume would 40 g of the

substance occupy?
a. 0.2 mL c. 32 mL
b. 5 mL d. 320 mL

4. Covert 300C to 0F
a. -1.11 c. 271.89
b. 86 d. 359

5. How many cubic centimeters are there in a cubic meter?

a. 0.1 c. 102
b. 1 d. 106

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6. What is the perimeter of a rectangular room that has a length of 5.1 m
and a width that is 2 m less than the length?
a. 14.2 m c. 20.4 m
b. 16.4 m d. 24.4 m

7. How much wood do you need to a form a triangular garden frame if one
side of the frame has a length of 11 ft, and the other two sides are 2 feet
longer than the first side?
a. 33 ft c. 36 ft
b. 35 ft d. 37 ft

8. How many inches is 9’10”?

a. 116” c. 129”
b. 118” d. 228”
9. How many yards is 9 mi?
a. 12 672 yards c. 15 840 yards
b. 14 500 yards d. 16 040 yards

10. Tessie measures her bathroom tiles to be 10 in by 8 in. What are the
length and width in cm?
a. 20.32 cm by 19.6 cm c. 25.4 cm to 24.5 cm
b. 25.4 cm by 20.32 cm d. 35.4 cm by 12.32 cm

11. 1.5 x 105

a. 0.000015 c. 1 500 000
b. 150 000 d. 11 500 000

12. 27 000 written in scientific notation is

a. 27 x 10-4 c. 2.7 x 103
b. 2.7 x 10-4 d. 2.7 x 104

13. 0.000 345 written in scientific notation

a. 3.45 x 10-4 c. 3.45 x 104
b. 3.45 d. 3.45 x 105

14. Which of these values is greatest?

a. 0.0056 c. 5.6 x 10-2
b. 0.56 d. 56 x 10-2

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15. 10-4
10-2
a. 10-6 c. 102
b. 10-2 d. 106

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 Additional Activities

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