3 - Basic Designs
3 - Basic Designs
Q#(1) An investigation was conducted to determine the source of reduction in yield of a certain
chemical product. It was known that the loss in yield occurred in the mother liquor that is the
material removed at the filtration stage. If was felt that different blends of the original material
may result in different yield reduction ate the mother liquor stage. The following are the results
of the percent reduction for 3 batches at each of 4 preselected blends
BLENDS
1 2 3 4
25.6 25.2 20.8 31.6
24.3 28.6 26.7 29.8
27.9 24.7 22.2 34.3
Q#(2) In a certain biological experiment 2 concentrations (Low & High) of a certain chemical were
used to enhance the growth in centimeters of a certain type of plant over time. Five plants were
used at each concentration and the growth in each plant was measured. A control (no chemical)
was also applied
Concentration
Control Low High
25.6 25.2 20.8
24.3 28.6 26.7
27.9 24.7 22.2
Q#(4) An experimenter wishes to study the effect on the yield of lima beans of different forms of
fertilizer. He has five treatments of interest:
C Control - no added fertilizer
M Farmyard manure - as an organic fertilizer
F1 Fertilizer F1 - an inorganic fertilizer at 200 kg/ha
F2 Fertilizer F2 - an inorganic fertilizer at 200 kg/ha
F Combined F1 and F2 - both at 100 kg/ha
Note that F1 and F2 are different types of inorganic fertilizer.
He plants five plots of lima beans for each treatment, in land believed to be homogeneous, and
obtains the yields (kg) for each plot.
C M F1 F2 F
66.7 69.9 76.2 74.1 82.4
(a):- The experimenter expresses interest in the following comparisons:
(i) C vs the rest
(ii) M vs F1 and F2
(iii) F1 vs F2
(iv) F1 and F2 vs F
Test the hypotheses above and explain the steps in the argument.
Write down the contrast coefficients for the following five contrasts.
Car
I II III IV
B (14) D (11) A (13) C (9)
C (12) C (12) B (13) D (9)
A (17) B (14) D (11) B (8)
D (13) A (14) C (10) A (13)
1. Test the hypothesis that the performance of four brands of tires are same.
2. Calculate C.V and interpret it.
3. Calculate Standard error for brand means.
4. Compare the mean of A & C with B & D.
5. What information is provided by F-ratio for cars.
6. Estimate the gain in precision by introducing different cars as a valid source of
variation
Q#(7) With reference to above Question, Experience shows that rear tires get different wear than front
tires and even different sides of the same car may show different amounts of tread wear. So
positions can impose another restriction on the randomization in such a way that each brand is not
only used once on each car but also only once in each of the four possible positions: left front, left
rear, right front, and right rear and the data is given below
Car
I II III IV
Position
Q#(8) An oil company tested four different blends of gasoline for fuel efficiency according to a Latin
square design in order to control for the variability of four different drivers and four different
models of cars. Fuel efficiency was measured in miles per gallon (mpg) after driving cars over a
standard course.
Fuel Efficiencies (mpg) For 4 Blends of Gasoline
(Latin Square Design: Blends Indicated by Letters A-D)
Car Model
Driver I II III IV
1 D 15.5 B 33.9 C 13.2 A 29.1
2 B 16.3 C 26.6 A 19.4 D 22.8
3 C 10.8 A 31.1 D 17.1 B 30.3
4 A 14.7 D 34.0 B 19.7 C 21.6
Q#(9) An investigation was conducted to determine the source of reduction in yield of a certain
chemical product. It was known that the loss in yield occurred in the mother liquor that is the
material removed at the filtration stage. If was felt that different blends of the original material
may result in different yield reduction ate the mother liquor stage. The following are the results
of the percent reduction for 3 batches at each of 4 preselected blends
BLENDS
1 2 3 4
25.6 25.2 20.8 31.6
24.3 24.7 26.7 34.3
27.9 22.2