Lesson – 5

File Handling – CSV Files

In every span of today’s organizational working environment, data sharing is

one of the major tasks to be carried out, largely through spreadsheets or
databases. A basic approach to share data is through the comma separated
values (CSV) file.
CSV is a simple flat file in a human readable format which is extensively used
to store tabular data, in a spreadsheet or database and separated by commas or
some other delimiter. The most commonly used delimiter in a CSV file is
comma.
A CSV file stores tabular data(numbers and text) in plain text. Each line is a
row and each field as a column.
The CSV module of Python will be able to read and write the CSV files.
Files in the CSV format can be imported to and exported from programs that
store data in tables, such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice Calc. Already
defined, CSV stands for “comma separated values”. Thus, we can say that a
comma-separated file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate the
values.
Each line in a file is known as data/record. Each record consists of one or more
fields, separated by commas (also known as delimiters), i.e., each of the records
is also a part of this file. Tabular data is stored as text in a CSV file. The use of
comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format. It
stores our data into a spreadsheet or a database.

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Difference between Comma-Separated Values (CSV) and Excel
sheets(XLS) file formats
Excel CSV
Excel is a binary file that holds CSV format is a plain text format
information about all the worksheets with a series of values separated by
in a file, including both content and commas
formatting
XLS files can only be read by CSV can be opened with any text
applications that have been especially editor in Windows like notepad, MS
written to read their format, and can Excel, OpenOffice, etc.
only be written in the same way.
Excel is a spreadsheet that saves files CSV is a format for saving tabular
into its own proprietary format viz. information into a delimited text file
xls or xlsx with extension .csv
Excel consumes more memory while Importing CSV files can be much
importing data faster, and it also consumes less
memory

Files saved in excel cannot be opened or edited by text editors.

Need for CSV files
With the use of social networking sites and its various associated applications
being extensively used requires the handling of huge data. The problem arises
as to how to handle and organize this large unstructured data as shown below.

Structured Data Unstructured Data

The solution to the above problem is CSV. Thus, the CSV organizes data into a
structured form and, hence, the proper and systematic organization of this large
amount of data is done by CSV. Since CSV files formats are of plain text

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format, it makes it very easy for website developers to create applications that
implement CSV.
CSV files are commonly used because they are easy to read and manage, small
in size, and fast to process/transfer. Because of these salient features, they are
frequently used in software applications, ranging anywhere from online e-
commerce stores to mobile apps to desktop tools.
For example, Magento, an e-commerce platform, is known for its support of
CSV.
Thus, in a nutshell, the several advantages that are offered by CSV files are as
follows:
 CSV is faster to handle.
 CSV is smaller in size.
 CSV is easy to generate and import onto a spreadsheet or database.
 CSV is human readable and easy to edit manually.
 CSV is simple to implement and parse ( resolve into component parts )
 CSV is processed by almost all existing applications.
 CSV files have been used extensively in e-commerce applications
because they are considered very easy to process.
Creating CSV Normal File
To create a CSV file in Notepad,
First open a new file using File →New or ctrl +N.
Then enter the data you want the file to contain, separating each value with a
comma and each row with a new line.
For example consider the following details:
Topic1,Topic2,Topic3
one,two,three
Example1,Example2,Example3

Save this content in a file with the extension .csv.

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 We can then open the same using Microsoft Excel or any other spreadsheet
program. Here the file has been opened using Microsoft Excel. It would
create a table of data similar to the following:

In the above CSV file, the fields of data were separated by commas. But what
happens if the data itself contains commas in it? If the fields of data in the CSV
file contain commas, it can be protected by enclosing those data fields in
double-quotes (“). The commas that are part of the data and will be kept
separate from the commas which delimit the fields themselves.

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Creating CSV File that contains comma with data
For example, let’s say that one of our fields contain commas in the description.
If the data looked like the below example:

To retain the commas in “Address” column, we can enclose the fields in

quotation marks. For example:

As we can see, only the fields that contain commas are enclosed in quotes. To
open this in MS Excel, it looks as shown below:

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Creating CSV file that contains double quotes with data
If the fields contain double-quotes as part of their data, the internal quotation
marks need to be doubled so that they can be interpreted correctly. For
Example, given the following data:

It should be written in the CSV files as:

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The output will be

CSV Field Data with Double quotes in Excel

Rules to be followed to format data in a CSV file
1. Each record (row of data) is to be located on a separate line, delimited by
a line break by pressing enter key. For example:

2. The last record in the file may or may not have an ending line break.
For example:

3. There may be an optional header line appearing as the first line of the file
with the same format as normal record lines. The header will contain
names corresponding to the fields in the file and should contain the same

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 number of fields as the records in the rest of the file. For example:
field_name1,field_name2,field_name3

4. Within the header and each record, there may be one or more fields,
separated by commas. Spaces are considered part of a field and should
not be ignored. The last field in the record must not be followed by a
comma. For example:
Red , Blue
5. Each field may or may not be enclosed in double quotes. If fields are not
enclosed with double quotes, then double quotes may not appear inside
the fields.
For example:

6. Fields containing line breaks (CRLF-Carriage return Line feed)), double

quotes, and commas should be enclosed in double-quotes. For example:

7. If double-quotes are used to enclose fields, then a double-quote appearing

inside a field must be preceded with another double quote. For example:

Note

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 The last row in the above example begins with two commas because the
first two fields of that row were empty in our spreadsheet. Don't delete
them — the two commas are required so that the fields correspond from
row to row. They cannot be omitted.

Create a CSV file using Microsoft Excel

To create a CSV file using Microsoft Excel, launch Excel and then open
the file you want to save in CSV format. For example, below is the data
contained in the sample Excel worksheet:

Once the data is entered in the worksheet, select File → Save As option,
and for the “Save as type option”, select CSV (Comma delimited) or type
the file name along with extension .csv.

Saving excel file as CSV:

9
 Save as dialog box

After you save the file, you are free to open it up in a text editor to view it
or to edit it manually. Its contents will resemble the following:

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Microsoft Excel to open a CSV file

If Microsoft Excel has been installed on the computer, by default CSV

files should open automatically in Excel when the file is double-clicked.
If an Open With prompt is displayed when opening the CSV file, choose
Microsoft Excel from the available programs to open the file.

Alternatively, Microsoft Excel can be opened and in the menu bar, select
File → Open, and select the CSV file. If the file is not listed, make sure to
change the file type to be opened to Text Files (*.prn, *.txt, *.csv).

If both MS Excel and Open Office calc is installed in the computer, by

default the CSV file will be opened in MS Excel.

Csv file handling in python

For working with CSV files in Python, there is an inbuilt module called CSV. It
is used to read and write tabular data in CSV format. Therefore, to perform read
and write operation with CSV file, we must import CSV module.

CSV module can handle CSV files correctly regardless of the operating system
on which the files were created. Along with this module, open() function is used
to open a CSV file, and return file object. We load the module in the usual way
using import:

>>> import csv

Like other files (text and binary) in Python, there are two basic operations that
can be carried out on a CSV file.

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1. Reading a CSV
2. Writing to a CSV.

Let us discuss these CSV operations.

Reading from CSV File

Reading from a CSV file is done using the reader object. The CSV file is
opened as a text file with Python’s built-in open() function, which returns a file
object. This creates a special type of object to access the CSV file (reader
object), using the reader() function. The reader object is iterable and gives us
access to each line of the CSV file as a list of fields.
We can also use next() directly on it to read the next line of the CSV file, or we
can treat it like a list in a for loop to read all the lines of the file (as lists of the
file’s fields).
This is shown in the practical implementation given below.
Before this, enter the student details in spreadsheet and save the file as shown:
Next step is to open the Notepad and enter the data for student.csv, which will
be the equivalent for student.xls .

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The file is saved in the same folder as the Python program.
Write a program to read the contents of “student.csv” file.
import csv
f=open("C:\\Users\\Udhaya Khumari\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\
Python36-32\\student.csv")
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
f.close()

OR

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv")
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
f.close()

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 OR

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
f.close()

Note

r – With r we can given single slashes in path names , which makes the string a
raw string, ie., there is no special meaning attached for any character.

Output

['Name', 'Class ', 'Marks']

['Anish', 'XII', '90']
['Akash', 'XII', '98']
['Duruv', 'XI', '67']
['Heera', 'XII', '87']
['Vimal', 'XI', '54']
['Gini', 'XII', '45']
['Amit', 'XI', '65']
['Kamal', 'XI', '43']

Every record is stored in reader object in the form of a List. In the above code,
we first open the CSV file in READ mode. The file object is named as f. The
file object is converted to csv.reader object. Save the csv.reader object as
csv_reader. The reader object is used to read records as lists from a csv file.
Now, we iterate through all the rows using a for loop. When we try to print each
row, one can find that row is nothing but a list containing all the field values.
Thus, all the records are displayed as lists separated by comma.
Similarly open the Notepad and enter the data for student.csv, which will be the
equivalent for student.xls .
In student.csv (notepad) file, first line is the header and remaining lines are the
data/records. The fields are separated by comma, or we may say the separator

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character. In general, the separator character is called a delimiter, and the
comma is not the only one used. Other popular delimiters include (\t) tab,
colon(:), semicolon(;)

Save the file as:

Program and output same as above.

Write a program to read the contents of the file EX-1.csv

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#To find the Python path
import sys
locate_python = sys.exec_prefix
print(locate_python)

Output

C:\Python368

import csv
f=open("C:\Python368\EX-1.csv")
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
f.close()

Output

['Item Name', 'Cost-Rs', 'Quantity', 'Profit']

['Keyboard', '480', '12', '1152']
['Monitor', '5200', '10', '10400']
['Mouse', '200', '50', '2000']
['', '', 'Total Profit ', '13552']

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Write a program to read the contents of the file student.csv using with
open()

import csv
with open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\
Python\Python36-32\student.csv",'r') as csv_file:
csv_reader=csv.reader(csv_file)
rows=[] # list to store the file data
for rec in csv_file:
rows.append(rec)
print(rows)

Output

['Name,Class ,Marks\n', 'Anish,XII,90\n', 'Akash,XII,98\n', 'Duruv,XI,67\

n', 'Heera,XII,87\n', 'Vimal,XI,54\n', 'Gini,XII,45\n', 'Amit,XI,65\n',
'Kamal,XI,43\n']

The above modified code uses “with open()” function, the only difference being
that the file being opened using with open() gets automatically closed after the
program execution gets over, unlike open() where we need to give close()
statement explicitly.

Write a program to read the contents of “shop.csv” file.

Create an excel file as given :

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Save the file as given.

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 import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\shop.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
f.close()

Output
['Item Name', 'Cost - RS', 'Quantity', 'Profit']
['Keyboard', '480', '12', '1152']
['Monitor', '5200', '10', '10400']
['Mouse', '200', '50', '2000']
['', '', 'Total Profit', '13552']

Create the same file in notepad

Save the file

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Now use the same program and output.

Write a program to count the number of records present inside the

student.csv

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
c=0
rows=next(csv_reader)
print(rows)
for row in csv_reader:
c=c+1
print("\n No.of records :",c)
f.close()

Output

['Name', 'Class', ','Marks']

No.of records : 9

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In the above program, a special type of object is created to access the CSV file
(reader object), which is csv_reader using the reader() function. The reader
object is an iterable that gives us access to each line of the CSV file as a list of
fields. The function next() is used to directly point to this list of fields to read
the next line in the CSV file. .next() method returns the current row and
advances the iterator to the next row. The variable ‘c’ is used as a counter
variable to count the number of rows/records present in this file, which is finally
printed and thus the output is so obtained. One of the important observations
from the output is the number of records which are being displayed as 9 instead
of 8. This is so because the header (first line) in the student csv file is also
treated as a record only. This limitation is overcome in the next implementation.

The next() method returns the current row and advances the iterator to the next
row – Explained later.

Write a program to count the exact number of records present in the csv
file excluding the header.

import csv
f=open('employee_det.csv')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
csvrows=[]
value=0
for row in csv_reader:
if csv_reader.line_num == 1: # skip first row
continue
csvrows.append(row)
value=len(list(csvrows))
print("\n No.of records :",value)
print(csvrows)
f.close()

Output

No.of records : 5
[['1', 'Amit', '6000'], ['2', 'Suresh Kumar', '8000'], ['3', 'Gabbar', '75000'],
['4', 'Aman', '80000'], ['5', 'Jacky', '60000']]

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In the above program we have used line_num object of CSV file. Our
csv_reader_object has a method called line_num that returns the number of
lines in the CSV. Then, if statement checks if the line is first line or not. If the
condition is true, i.e., if it is the header line, then it is ignored using continue
statement and the counting of records is resumed from second line onwards.
Also, line_num object always stores the current line in consideration and, hence,
the correct output for 10 records is so obtained.

Note

line_num is nothing but a counter which returns the number of rows which have
been iterated

Write a program to print the records in the form of comma separated

values, instead of lists.

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(','.join(row))
f.close()

Output

Name,Class ,Marks
Anish,XII,90
Akash,XII,98
Duruv,XI,67
Heera,XII,87
Vimal,XI,54
Gini,XII,45
Amit,XI,65
Kamal,XI,43

In the above program, we have used a new function join(). join() is a string
method that joins all values of each row with comma separator. Thus, all the
records are displayed as a string separated by a comma separator and not as a
list and hence the output is so obtained.

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Write a program to search the record of a particular student from CSV file
on the basis of inputted name.

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
name=input("Enter the name to be searched for:")
for row in csv_reader:
if row[0] == name:
print(row)
f.close()

Output

Enter the name to be searched for:Gini

['Gini', 'XII', '45']

Write a program to search the record of a particular student from CSV file
on the basis of inputted class.

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
Class=input("Enter the class to be searched for:")
for row in csv_reader:
if row[1] == Class:
print(row)

f.close()

Output

Enter the class to be searched for:XII

['Anish', 'XII', '90']
['Akash', 'XII', '98']
['Heera', 'XII', '87']
['Gini', 'XII', '45']

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Write a program to search the record of a particular student from CSV file
on the basis of inputted marks. Display an appropriate message if mark is
not found.

import csv
f=open(r"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\student.csv",'r')
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
found=0
m=input("Enter the marks to be searched for:")
for row in csv_reader:
if row[2] == m: #both in string format
found=1
print(row)
if found==0:
print("Record not found")
f.close()

Output

Enter the marks to be searched for:98

['Akash', 'XII', '98']

Writing to a CSV file

Steps

 Import CSV module

 Use open() to open the CSV file specifying the mode ‘w’ or ‘a’, it will
return the file object
 ‘w’ will overwrite the previous content
 ‘a’ will add content to the end of the previous content.
 Pass the file object to write object with delimilter.
 Then use writerow() to send data to CSV file.

The csv module’s reader and writer objects read and write sequences.

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The writer object presents two functions, namely writerow() and writerows() .
The difference between them, is that the first function will only write one row,
and the function writerows() writes several rows at once.

To write to a CSV file in Python, we can use the csv.writer() function. The
csv.writer() function returns a writer object that converts the user's data into a
delimited string. This string can later be used to write into CSV files using the
writerow() function.

In order to write to a CSV file, we create a special type of object to write to the
CSV file "writer object", which is defined in the CSV module, and which we
create using the writer() function. The writerow() method allows us to write a
list of fields to the file. The fields can be strings or numbers or both. Also, while
using writerow(), we do not need to add a new line character (or other EOL
indicator) to indicate the end of the line, writerow() does it by default.

Write a program to write data onto a CSV file (Details2.csv) using

writerow() method.

import csv
#field names
fields=['Name','Class','Year','Percent']
#data rows of csv files
rows=[
['Rohit','XII','2003','92'],
['Shourya','XI','2004','82'],
['Deep','XII','2002','82'],
['Pranathi','XI','2006','85'],
['Lakshaya','XII','2005','72']]

fname="D:\Details2.csv"
with open(fname,'w',newline='') as f:
#by default, newline is '\r\n'
#creating a csv writer object
csv_w=csv.writer(f,delimiter=',')
#writing the fields once
csv_w.writerow(fields)
for i in rows:
#writing the data rowwise
csv_w.writerow(i)

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 print("File created")

Output

File created

Now open the file in D drive .

Right click on the file and select open with option and select Excel.

26
In the above program, the very first line is for importing csv file into the
program. Next, whatever are the column headings for the data are mentioned as
a list in variable called fields. All the data stored inside these fields are placed
inside variable rows. Now give the name of the file, let us say, student.csv and
that will be created and stored inside the current working directory or the path
that is mentioned (as given in the example D:/) for the attribute "filename". ‘w’
stands for write mode and we are using the file by opening it using "with open",
since using with open does not require file to be closed explicitly. The next
statement comprises the most important function used for writing onto csv file,
viz., csv.writer(), to obtain a writer object and store it in the variable csv_w as
the name of the variable and this is the CSV object. writer() takes the name of
file object ‘f’ as the argument. By default, the delimiter is comma (,).

writerow(fields) is going to write the fields which are the column headings into
the file and have to be written only once. Using for loop, rows are traversed
from the list of rows from the file. writerow(i) is writing the data row-wise in
the for loop and in the last the file is automatically closed. Also, while giving
csv.writer(), the delimiter taken is comma. The delimiter can be changed
whenever and wherever required by changing the argument passed to delimiter
attribute. For example, delimiter = "|" (pipe symbol). Any character can be used
as a delimiter and if nothing is given, comma is placed by default. writerow()
method is used to write each row. In this program, a for loop is used for writing
data row-wise onto the file using writerow() method.

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The for loop can be avoided and all rows/records can be written in one go. This
can be done by using writerows() method. writerows() writes all the rows in one
go, hence there is no need for a for loop and iterations.

Write a program to write data onto a CSV file (Details3.csv) using

writerows() method.

import csv
#field names
fields=['Name','Class','Year','Percent']
#data rows of csv files
rows=[
['Rohit','XII','2003','92'],
['Shourya','XI','2004','82'],
['Deep','XII','2002','82'],
['Pranathi','XI','2006','85'],
['Lakshaya','XII','2005','72']]

fname="D:\Details3.csv"
with open(fname,'w',newline='') as f:
#by default, newline is '\r\n'
#creating a csv writer object
csv_w=csv.writer(f,delimiter=',')
#writing the fields once
csv_w.writerow(fields)
#writing all the rows in one go
csv_w.writerows(rows)
print("All rows written in one go")

Output

All rows written in one go

Now open in excel

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Write a program to write data onto a CSV file ( university_records.csv )
using writerows() method.

import csv

# field names
fields = ['Name', 'Branch', 'Year', 'CGPA']
# data rows of csv file
rows = [ ['Nikhil', 'COE', '2', '9.0'],
['Sanchit', 'COE', '2', '9.1'],
['Aditya', 'IT', '2', '9.3'],
['Sagar', 'SE', '1', '9.5'],
['Prateek', 'MCE', '3', '7.8'],
['Sahil', 'EP', '2', '9.1']]

# name of csv file

filename = "university_records.csv"

# writing to csv file

with open(filename, 'w') as csvfile:
# creating a csv writer object
csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile)

# writing the fields

csvwriter.writerow(fields)

# writing the data rows

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 csvwriter.writerows(rows)

Write a program to write data onto a CSV file myfile1.csv interactively.

import csv
with open('D:\myfile1.csv','a') as csvfile:
mywriter=csv.writer(csvfile,delimiter='|')
ans='y'
while ans.lower()=='y':
eno=int(input("Enter empno:"))
ename=input("Enter name:")
sal=int(input("Enter salary:"))
mywriter.writerow([eno,ename,sal])
ans=input("Want to add more records?")

Now open the file in notepad – select D: drive and open in notepad.

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Output

Now open the file with Excel-Use open with Excel

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Python program to read the file

import csv
f=open("D:\myfile1.csv")
csv_reader=csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print('|'.join(row))
f.close()

Output

3|Jinu|20000

4|Hema|56000

5|Tinu|98760

Write a program to search for any employee number from the file myfile1
and display the details of the employee. If the employee number is not
existing display an appropriate message.

import csv
f=open("D:\myfile1.csv")
csv_reader=csv.reader(f,delimiter='|')
found=0
empno=input("Enter the employee number to be searched for:")
for row in csv_reader:
if len(row)!=0:
if row[0] == empno: #both in string format
found=1
print(row)
if found==0:
print("Record not found")
f.close()

Output

Enter the employee number to be searched for:3

['3', 'Jinu', '20000']

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Write a program to search for any employee number from the file myfile1
and display the details of the employee. If the employee number is not
existing display an appropriate message. The program should continue
until the user wants to.

import csv
f=open("D:\myfile1.csv")
csv_reader=csv.reader(f,delimiter='|')
while True:
found=False
empno=input("Enter the employee number to be searched for:")
for row in csv_reader:
if len(row)!=0:
if row[0] == empno: #both in string format
print("Name:",row[1])
print("Salary:",row[2])
found=True
break
if not found:
print("Record not found")
ans=input("Search more?")
if ans=='n':
break
f.close()

Output

Enter the employee number to be searched for:3

Name: Jinu
Salary: 20000
Search more?y
Enter the employee number to be searched for:4
Name: Hema
Salary: 56000
Search more?y
Enter the employee number to be searched for:1
Record not found
Search more?n

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next() function

The next function returns the next item from the iterator.

Syntax

next(iterator,default)

iterator – next() retrieves next item from the iterator

default – optional. This value is returned if the iterator is exhausted, if
there is no next item.

The next() function returns the next item from the iterator.
If the iterator is exhausted, it returns the default value passed as an
argument.
If the default parameter is omitted and the iterator is exhausted, it raises
StopIteration exception.

Example - 1

random = [5, 9, 'cat']

# converting the list to an iterator

random_iterator = iter(random)
print(random_iterator)

# Output: 5
print(next(random_iterator))

# Output: 9
print(next(random_iterator))

# Output: 'cat'
print(next(random_iterator))

# This will raise Error

# iterator is exhausted
print(next(random_iterator))

Output

34
 <list_iterator object at 0x03C9A650>
5
9
cat
Traceback (most recent call last):
File"C:\Users\Udhaya Khumari\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\
Python36-32\p111.py", line 18, in <module>
print(next(random_iterator))
StopIteration

Example – 2

# Python next() function example

number = iter([256, 32, 82]) # Creating iterator
# Calling function
item = next(number)
# Displaying result
print(item)
# second item
item = next(number)
print(item)
# third item
item = next(number)
print(item)

Output

256
32
82

Example – 3

# Python next() function example

number = iter([256, 32, 82]) # Creating iterator
# Calling function
item = next(number)
# Displaying result
print(item)
# second item

35
 item = next(number)
print(item)
# third item
item = next(number)
print(item)
# fourth item
item = next(number) # error, no item is present
print(item)

Output

256
32
82
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Udhaya
Khumari/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36-32/p111.py", line
14, in <module>
item = next(number) # error, no item is present
StopIteration

Example – 4

# Python next() function example

number = iter([256, "javatpoint", 82,]) # Creating iterator
# Calling function
item = next(number)
# Displaying result
print(item)
# second item
item = next(number)
print(item)
# third item
item = next(number)
print(item)
# fourth item
item = next(number, "No item is present") # error, no item is present
print(item)

Output

36
 256
javatpoint
82
No item is present

Note

If default value is given then no error message is displayed.

37