THE GUIDE TO

MEMBRANE
NITROGEN
GENERATORS
THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

MEMBRANE
NITROGEN
GENERATORS

The membrane nitrogen generator utilizes a hollow porous fiber to

separate the N2 molecules from other molecules, including O2. Put
simply, they take the nitrogen out of the air you breathe. The air is
made up of 79 percent nitrogen, and a membrane nitrogen generator
utilizes green technology to filter out all the other gases and then
concentrates the collected nitrogen in a storage tank to be used.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

CONTENTS

How Membrane Nitrogen Generators Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Uses for Membrane Nitrogen Generators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

General Benefits of Membrane Nitrogen Generators. . . . . . . . . . . 5

The Lower Energy Process of Membrane Nitrogen Generators. . . . 6

The Use of a Membrane Nitrogen Generator

in the Wine and Food Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Uses of a Membrane Nitrogen Generator by the U.S. Military . . . . 8

Benefits of Nitrogen Membrane Generators in the Lab Setting. . . . 9

The Use of Nitrogen Generators in Electronics Manufacturing. . . 10

The ROI of Implementing an In-House Nitrogen

Membrane Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Types of GENERON Nitrogen Membrane Generators. . . . . . . . . . 12

The Bottom Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

HOW MEMBRANE NITROGEN

GENERATORS WORK

The membrane generators available today use porous hollow fibers that vary in length, diameter,
efficiency and material. Pressure is then used to separate the molecules from the stream of compressed
air that is flowing in. This pressure process is officially called selective permeation.

The fibers making up the membrane run parallel to each other to provide the required capacity. The
fibers are semi-permeable, which allows the faster gases to move through the walls quicker and be
released back into the atmosphere. Generally, these gases are made up of hydrogen, water vapor,
oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The benefits offered by using membrane technology over other types of nitrogen generators include:
• Operating and delivery pressures can be varied to match the application
• Simple airflow designs and high levels of reliability
• High N2 purities or higher N2 volumes at lower levels of purity
• It’s the most affordable method for producing N2
• It’s a safe, mechanical process – not a chemical process

Heater or Dryer

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

USES FOR MEMBRANE

NITROGEN GENERATORS

Today’s systems are ideal for use in a number of industries, including refinery facilities, chemical
manufacturing, transportation and marine industries and the oil and gas industry. The actual machines
put to use can be chosen from pre-designed standard systems or custom designed to meet the specific
engineering requirements of a company or organization.

Systems offered by Generon are able to produce consistent purities that range between 95 percent
and 99.5 percent product nitrogen. Additionally, the Generon units are about a third of the size of the
competitions and use 45 percent less energy while taking up 30 percent of other system footprints,
making them the preferred option for many companies.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

GENERAL BENEFITS OF MEMBRANE

NITROGEN GENERATORS

For quite a few analytical and industrial applications, the use of an in-house generator for the supply
of nitrogen (N) offers quite a few benefits over having to wait for the gas to be delivered by a supplier,
which is something many companies still rely on. While there are certain industry-specific benefits that
will be discussed in more detail shortly, some of the general benefits that are true for any company or
organization using the generators can be found here.

• Uninterrupted supply of Nitrogen: A standard system will produce N2 with a purity level that is over
99.5 percent purity and that offers a flow rate of hundreds of cubic feet each minute with an outlet
pressure of approximately 100 psig.
• More affordable option: An in-house generator will also consume much less energy to produce a
kilogram of nitrogen compared to using bottled and delivered nitrogen. Additionally, you will see lower
administrative costs and avoid shipping and delivery costs altogether.
• Reduced waste: Because the in-house system is able to generate nitrogen at a pressure and flow rate
that is necessary for the application and on demand, you don’t have to worry about gas being wasted.
• Improved safety of the plant or company: You can eliminate the danger associated with handling
and moving cylinders under extreme pressure.
• Greater supply security: You no longer have to be dependent on outside vendors to supply the
nitrogen you need for day-to-day operations. This eliminates downtime due to delivery delays,
uncontrollable price hikes and long-term contracts.

Even though each situation and application will vary slightly, the majority of users can expect to receive
payback for their investment in just over a year; the switch from purchasing bottled nitrogen to an in-
house membrane nitrogen generator is a huge cost saver. Of course, this is under the assumption that
the facility is using a flow that is equivalent or greater than 20L/min of the N2 for a minimum of four
hours every day. During the course of a year (250 days), a total of 1,200,000 liters of N2 are going to be
consumed, which is equivalent to 186 of the standard nine by 56 inch cylinders most companies use.

While there are a number of direct benefits offered by using these generators in-house, there is also an
environmental benefit that has to be considered. The process of gas distillation is one that is considered
very high energy. When you opt to use a hollow fiber membrane for nitrogen generation, you will be
using much less energy, and as a result, the system will produce much less greenhouse gases than the
fractional distillation process does. Additionally, the distillation process will also use quite a bit of energy,
as well as the transporting of the cylinders from where the N2 is being produced to where it is going to be
used, and then transporting the cylinders back to the plant once they are empty.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

T H E LOW E R E N E R GY P RO C E S S O F
MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

You may wonder how this type of in-house generator is able to achieve the benefits. Instead of distilling
the N2 out of the air, which is a process that requires quite a bit of cooling, the hollow fiber membrane
will separate the water vapor and oxygen from the nitrogen while it is still at room temperature.

The first step of this process is the compressed air flowing through a high-efficiency coalescing filter,
which will remove the particulate matter and water vapor. Then it will be sent through an activated
carbon scrubber in order to remove the hydrocarbons. Once through the carbon scrubber, the air is
sent through the hollow fiber membranes that allow the remaining water vapor and oxygen to escape
while the N2 continues moving through the generator’s tube. The purity of the Nitrogen is simply
controlled by adjusting residence time of the compressed air in the fibers. The last step is the purified
nitrogen passing directly into the application through the system’s output port.

For some applications, an in-house hollow member membrane system is a much more affordable,
energy-efficient, reliable, safer and convenient way to generate an ongoing supply of pure nitrogen,
which is also better for the environment.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

THE USE OF A MEMBRANE NITROGEN

GENERATOR IN THE WINE AND
FOOD INDUSTRY

When packing and preserving food, nitrogen has an important role. It is also crucial to the winemaking
and bottling process.

Nitrogen is a dry, clean inert gas that can eliminate oxygen in a container, pipe or vessel. When it stays
in prolonged contact with wine or food, oxygen will begin the oxidation process, resulting in stale food
or food that goes bad. With nitrogen, all the oxygen is displaced, preventing the oxidation process and
preserving the freshness of the food or wine inside.

Also, having a supply of nitrogen in-house that is mechanically produced by a membrane nitrogen
generator makes it possible to use it for blanketing purposes. This will internally pad the package and
help to prevent broken or crushed food products, such as crackers and chips.

There are several ways the nitrogen produced by a nitrogen generator can be used for wine production.
• Sparging: Introducing fine gas bubbles to remove dissolved CO2 and oxygen.
• Blanketing: Maintains the nitrogen gas layer over the surface of the wine to prevent it coming in
contact with oxygen.
• Displacement: Prior to bottling the wine, all air has to be flushed out of the filter housing pumps,
hoses and then displaced with nitrogen.

Nitrogen is the preferred gas for the process of winemaking and packaging because it has an extremely
low solubility in wine. It is also affordable when you have a nitrogen generator in-house.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

USES OF A MEMBRANE NITROGEN

G E N E R ATO R BY T H E U. S . M I L I TA RY

In addition to nitrogen being used in a number of industrial and commercial locations, it is also used by
the U.S. military. For aircraft this gas can be used for:

• Inerting aircraft fuel tanks

• Filling aircraft tires with nitrogen

It can also be used for waterproofing and de-fogging important military (as well as civilian) optics. It can
be used for binoculars, cameras, telescopes and night vision goggles in several ways.

• Purging: This is when N2 gas is used to eliminate air from the goggles that may affect how clear
they are.
• Preventing internal fogging: When optical instruments are filled with nitrogen, it will replace the
oxygen that occurs naturally and reduce moisture that can cause fogging.
• Creation of a waterproof environment: When an optical instrument is purged with nitrogen, it is
also sealed to prevent the loss of N2 gas that can be the result of changes in temperature or pressure.
This results in the nitrogen-purged instruments being completely waterproof.
• Prevention of mold and fungus growth: Because nitrogen is a dry gas, it can eliminate and absorb
moisture when used for displacing oxygen in an environment. This will also prevent mold and fungus
that may develop in a moist, enclosed area.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

BENEFITS OF NITROGEN MEMBRANE

GENERATORS IN THE L AB SETTIN G

Nitrogen gas is used often in laboratories, from university research labs to clean rooms. The high purity
N2 is necessary for atmosphere blanketing, humidity control, management of lab equipment and more.
Some of the benefits of nitrogen in the lab setting include:

• Improvement of laboratory efficiency: Due to the high gas volumes necessary by lab instruments,
having a constant and uninterrupted nitrogen gas supply will help to eliminate any interruptions of
analysis processes that are being done.
• Improvement of the performance of analytical instruments: With a constant flow of gas, it can
improve the consistency of the analysis results, and as a result, the reproducibility.
• Improvement in the economy: There is a quick return of investment on the use of nitrogen
membrane generator in less than a year in most cases, and there are no gas cylinder bottles or price
inflation to deal with.
• Improvement of safety: When nitrogen is produced at a low pressure and at an ambient
temperature, it eliminates the hazards that are associated with liquid Dewar’s and high-pressure
cylinders.
• Simple installation process: These generators can be installed in a lab setting in any location, which
eliminates the need to have long gas lines from cylinders that have to be secured in other locations.
Also, they don’t require a power supply.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

THE USE OF NITROGEN GENERATORS

IN ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURIN G

The use of nitrogen is prevalent when electronics are being manufactured because it helps to maintain
a dry and clean atmosphere. The gas is often used in nanolabs, for reflow soldering, in the creation of
circuit boards, for selective soldering and in the reflow oven.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

THE ROI OF IMPLEMENTING AN

IN-HOUSE NITROGEN MEMBRANE
GENERATOR

If you own a business, are a supervisor at a facility or even a plant manager, you know the value of
keeping the workplace both efficient and safe. You also understand the importance of keeping your
bottom line healthy. This is why you need to consider the ROI of any investment you want to make.
If you are still signed into an expensive contract for your N2 supply from a third-party supplier, or if you
are ordering liquid nitrogen in bulk, then you know that this can be unreliable, inefficient and quite
expensive. However, you may still wonder if it is really worth the expense to install a nitrogen membrane
generator at your facility.

The answer is yes, yes it is, but a few reasons that may help persuade you include:

• Studies have found that the average ROI seen when making the change from purchasing liquid
nitrogen in bulk to having a generator that produces your own nitrogen on-site is about 12 to
14 months.
• As a result, you could see payback for your initial investment in as little as a year. Also, the savings
don’t stop once your initial investment is repaid. When you continue to use the nitrogen membrane
generator, you will save money on delivery costs, operational costs, energy and more.
• Consider all the costs – in terms of time and finances – that are associated with having to handle liquid
nitrogen or be obligated to a contract with a gas supplier. No longer do you have to deal with delivery,
storage or handling, and efficiency, safety and administrative tasks are simplified, as well.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

T YPES OF GENERON NITROGEN

MEMBRANE GENERATORS

There are several types of GENERON nitrogen membrane generators to meet the needs of your specific
business or company. These include:

• The Cabinet Series: If you have a need for low to medium nitrogen flow rates and require a small
footprint, this is ideal.
• Skid Mounted Systems: These are most commonly used for ammonia plants, refineries, chemical
manufacturing facilities and in the oil and gas industry.
• Containerized Mobile Systems: Found in refineries, chemical manufacturing facilities, ammonia
plants and the oil and gas industry. These are designed to operate both off- and onshore.
• Marine and Offshore Systems
• Custom Solutions and Packages: You can customize the packages to include a nitrogen generation
system, instrument air or a dry air system, primary air compression, high pressure booster compressor,
bottle back up system and nitrogen bottle fill.

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THE GUIDE TO MEMBRANE NITROGEN GENERATORS

THE BOTTOM LINE

The modern nitrogen membrane generator is an important piece of

equipment for use in a wide array of applications and industries. Those
business owners unsure whether or not it is worth the investment can see
why this machine can be beneficial for their particular needs and their
bottom line. Make sure to consider the type of generator needed to get
the highest level of efficiency from the installation.

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