T. Roppel Sept.

2009

ELEC 2210 EXPERIMENT 8

MOSFETs
Objectives:
The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to the MOSFET.
You will use the Bit Bucket breadboarding system to build and test several DC and AC
transistor circuits. The objectives of this experiment include:
 Review basic principles of MOSFETs from ELEC 2210
 An understanding of MOSFET switching circuits
 More experience with the Bit Bucket breadboarding system and the oscilloscope
 Continue to develop professional lab skills and written communication skills.

Introduction
A thorough treatment of MOSFETs can be found in Chapter 4 of the ELEC 2210 textbook,
Microelectronics Circuit Design by R.C. Jaeger.

The acronym MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.
MOSFETs are circuit elements that allow control of a working current by applying a
control voltage. They are used primarily in switching circuits and amplifiers. This
experiment will focus on the switching applications.

MOSFETs can be n- or p-channel, and they can be enhancement or depletion type. The
MOSFET studied in this experiment is the ZVN4306A, which is an n-channel,
enhancement MOSFET. The standard circuit symbol and notation for this type of transistor
is shown in Fig. 1(a). The PSPICE circuit symbol is shown in Fig. 1(b).

D D
G
G

S
S

Figure 1. Circuit symbols and nomenclature for an n-channel enhancement

MOSFET. (a) IEEE standard symbol (b) PSPICE symbol.

There are three terminals indicated on the circuit symbol: D = drain, S = source, and G =
gate. Sometimes a fourth terminal is provided which provides contact to the substrate, or
body of the device. When only three terminals are shown, it is assumed that the body is

1
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

internally connected to the source. The PSPICE symbol explicitly shows the body
connected internally to the Source (S).

The mathematical model of the n-channel, enhancement MOSFET (not including

breakdown or body effect) is given in Table 1:

Table 1. Mathematical model of the n-channel MOSFET.

Region Condition(s) Equation(s)
All iG  0 iB  0
Cutoff vGS  VTN iD  0
v
Triode (Linear) vGS  VTN  vDS  0 iD  K n (vGS  VTN  DS )vDS
2
K
Saturation vDS  (vGS  VTN )  0 iD  n (vGS  VTN )2 (1  vDS )
2

In these equations, there are three device parameters:

VTN is the threshold voltage. This is the gate-source voltage at which a channel is formed
between the source and drain. The value is positive for an n-channel enhancement
MOSFET. (The data sheet for the lab part calls this VGS(th).)

Kn is the transconductance parameter. This is the scale factor of the MOSFET for
determining the magnitude of the current.

λ is the channel length modulation parameter. It determines the slope of the MOSFET
curves in saturation. For an ideal device, λ is zero.

The output characteristics of a MOSFET with VTN = 1 V, Kn = 12.5 μA/V2, and λ = 0.325
are shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 2. Example n-channel enhancement MOSFET output characteristics.

2
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

For each curve, the saturation region is the region to the right of the knee, i.e., the nearly
flat part. The region to the left of the knee is the triode region (also called the linear
region). For switching applications, the MOSFET is most like a closed switch when it is in
the triode region, where vDS is small. It is most like an open switch when it is in cutoff,
with iD = 0.

A MOSFET is often used as a voltage-controlled switch, as illustrated in Fig. 3

Motor M Power
iD Supply
Voltage
MOSFET
+
Control iD
vGS
Voltage
–

Figure 3. MOSFET switching circuit. When the control voltage exceeds the threshold
voltage, the MOSFET is “ON” and current flows through the motor. Otherwise, the
MOSFET is “OFF,” and no current flows.

The amount of current which flows is determined by the control voltage in accordance with
the equations in Table 1. For most switching applications, the MOSFET is operated in the
triode region when it is conducting current. In this region, the MOSFET channel presents a
small resistance in series with the load, as desired.

Pre-Lab:
(1) Obtain the data sheet for the ZVN4306 MOSFET from the class web site, or from

http://www.zetex.com/3.0/pdf/ZVN4306A.pdf

Use this to determine the values of the threshold voltage range, the maximum continuous
drain current ID, the maximum drain-source voltage, and the maximum allowed power
dissipation, Ptot.

(2) From the data you found in (1), what is the maximum allowed current if VDS = 15 V ?
If VDS = 5 V ? Express your results in mA.

3
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

(3) In which region should the MOSFET be operating when it is a “closed switch?” Why?
In which region should it be operating when it is an “open switch?” Why?

Lab Exercise:

There are 3 parts. Have your GTA sign off on each part before proceeding to the next
part.

(1) Threshold Voltage

Obtain a ZVN4306 MOSFET. Using the data sheet as a guide, identify the drain, gate, and
source terminals. Use the circuit shown in Fig. 4 to determine the threshold voltage. (The
data sheet uses the notation VGS(th) for the threshold voltage, whereas our text uses the
notation VTN.) On the data sheet, the threshold voltage is defined to be the value of VGS
when ID = 1 mA. Proceed as follows:
 Make sure the Bit Bucket power is off
 Connect the DVM on the Bit Bucket to measure VGS.
 Set the Variable DC source to the Minimum position.
 Turn on the Bit Bucket power.
 Increase the Variable DC source slowly, until ID = 1 mA  0.05 mA.

Does your value of VTN fall within the range specified on the data sheet?

DMM (current)

ID

D Ω
MOSFET
Variable
G DC source
S
0~+15V

Figure 4. Circuit for determining the threshold voltage, VTN.

(2) ID vs. VDS and Estimating Kn

In this part, you will use the oscilloscope to trace ID as a function of VDS for several values
of VGS. From your observations, you will estimate the value of Kn for your MOSFET.

4
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 5. The purpose for the 100 Ω resistor in series with the
MOSFET source is to provide a way for us to observe ID on the oscilloscope. According to
Ohm’s law, a current of 1 mA will generate a voltage of 100 mV across this resistor.

Red

Ω scope Ch. 1

scope Ch. 2

Variable
Ω
DC
0~+15V

Figure 5. Circuit for plotting ID vs. VDS and Estimating Kn

Use the following technique to plot ID vs. VDS.

 Make sure the Bit Bucket power is off.
 Connect the MOSFET drain voltage, VD, to Channel 1 of the scope. Be sure the
scope ground is the same as the Bit Bucket ground.
 Connect the MOSFET source voltage, VS, to Channel 2 of the scope. Be sure the
scope ground is the same as the Bit Bucket ground.
 Set the scope to XY mode (DISPLAY / FORMAT=XY)
 Set Channel 1 to 1 V / div. Set Channel 2 to 100 mV / div.
 Set the Bit Bucket function generator (FG) controls to sine, 1 kHz, minimum
amplitude.
 Set the Bit Bucket variable DC to the Minimum position.
 Connect the Bit Bucket DVM to measure VGS.
 Turn on the Bit Bucket power.
 Increase the FG amplitude to MAX.
 Slowly increase the Variable DC voltage until VGS is just a little larger than VTN
(you recorded this in Part 1). Then you should get a trace similar to the one shown
in Fig. 6.

5
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

The vertical axis in Fig. 6 is proportional to ID, with 100 mV representing 1 mA. The
horizontal axis is almost equal to VDS, since VS is fairly small.

Figure 6. Display of VS (vertical axis) vs. VD (horizontal axis). This is essentially the
same as plotting ID vs. VDS.

The current in saturation (the flat region) is called IDSAT. Adjust VGS to get IDSAT equal to
2 mA, as shown in Fig. 6. Record the corresponding value of VGS. If you assume that λ is
approximately zero (is this valid from your observation?), you can use the saturation
equation from Table 1 to estimate Kn.

Repeat this for at least two other values of IDSAT, and record your Kn estimates for each.
How consistent are they? What is the average value? (Suggested values of IDSAT : 1 mA,
2 mA, and 3mA.)

(3) MOSFET Switching Circuits

Connect a switching circuit in which the load is each of the following:

(a) An LED. Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 7. Use a 330 ohm series resistor and 5V
supply voltage. Use (i) a pushbutton and (ii) the function generator (FG) to provide the
gate voltage.

When using the pushbutton, record the values of VDS when the LED is on, and when it is
off.

When using the FG, set it to sine wave, Max. amplitude. Set the frequency to about 5 Hz
initially, and then try different blink rates. Observe VDS on the oscilloscope and record
what you see. (Set the scope display back to the Y-T mode, if it is still in X-Y mode from
Part 2.)

6
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

Figure 7. Circuit for switching an LED.

(b) A loudspeaker. Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 8. Use the function generator to
provide the supply voltage. Use a pushbutton to provide the gate voltage. To start with,
turn the FG amplitude all the way down, and set the frequency to about 500 Hz. Turn up
the amplitude slowly until you can hear the sound. Vary the frequency to enjoy some
“music.” (Hearing impaired instructions: Set the frequency to about 5 Hz, and you should
be able to see the speaker vibrate when the amplitude is increased. Vary the frequency to
see it vibrate faster or slower.)

With the FG set to a 500 Hz sine wave and the amplitude knob set to the 12 o’clock
position, observe VDS on the oscilloscope and record what you see.

Figure 8. Circuit for switching a loudspeaker.

7
T. Roppel Sept. 2009

(c) A 5V DC fan. Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 9. Use 5 V as the supply voltage, and
a Bit Bucket pushbutton as the control. No resistor is required.

Record the fan current when it is on, and compare to the rating marked on the fan housing.

Fan

Figure 9. Circuit for switching a DC fan.