Conjunction

 Conjunction is a joining word it joints two Words, Phrases or Sentences together.

Ex.:- Ram and Shyam are very laborious.
 According to uses Conjunction can be divided into three Parts.
1. Co-Ordinating Conjunction
2. Sub-Ordinating Conjunction
3. Co-Relative Conjunction
 Co-Ordinating Conjunction – A Conjunction that joints two same kinds of Parts of
Speech or Sentences is called “Co-Ordinating Conjunction”.
Ex.:- And, Or, As well as, But, Yet …etc.
Ex.:- Ram and Ravan were great.
N Conj. N
Note – यान रहे क इसके तहत Noun तथा Pronoun को एक ह ेणी म रखा जा सकता है ।
Ex.:- You and Ram can solve this Question.
 Sub-Ordinating Conjunction – A Conjunction that joints two different kinds of Parts
of Speech or Sentences is called “Sub-Ordinating Conjunction”.
Ex.:- That, If, Whether, Unless, Until …etc.
Ex.:- Ram said that he would buy a new car.
Main Clause Conj. Sub-Ordinate Clause
 Co-Relative Conjunction – A Conjunction that comes in pair to join two same kinds
of Parts of Speech or Sentences is called “Co-Relative Conjunction”.
Ex.:- Either …. Or, Neither …. Nor, Not only …. But also …etc.
Ex.:- He can neither sing nor dance.
Conj. V1 Conj. V1

* Uses of Conjunction 
 Since / Because –
Since – (चू ँ क) Because – ( य क)
 It shows the reason for an Action.  It also shows the reason for an Action.
 It comes in the beginning of Sentence.  It comes amid the Sentence.
 It get Structure – Reason + Result  It gets Structure – Result + Reason.
Ex.:- Since he was late he could not attend the Ex.:- He could not attend the class because he
class. was late.

Note – यान रहे क Because of (के कारण से) का योग वा य के शु आत अथवा बीच म
दोन ह थान पर हो सकता है, साथ ह Because के बाद एक पू रा Sentence आता है ,
जब क Because of के बाद Noun / Pronoun अथवा Gerund का योग कया जाता ह।
Ex.:- Because of Poverty he could not give you money.

 When / While –
When – (जब) While – (जब)
 It comes to show condition for the Actions  It comes to show condition for the
that run in different. Actions that run simultaneously.
Ex.:- You will go, when he comes. Ex.:- She was dancing, while I was singing.

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 Conjunction
Note – यान रहे क वरोधाभाष को दशाने के लए ‘जब क’ के अथ म भी while का योग
कया जाता ह।
Ex.:- I bought a new car while Raju bought an old one but he is in Profit.

 But / Yet –
But Yet
 It comes to show opposition between two  It comes to show opposition between two
Nouns, Pronouns, Adjective & Adverb. Verbs.
Ex.:- Ram is a dancer, yet Sita is a Singer. -  Ex.:- He earns much but does not spend. - 
Ram is a dancer, but Sita is a Singer. -  He earns much yet does not spend. - 

 As soon as – ( य ह )
1. It comes in Affirmative sense.
2. It can be used with any kind of Tenses.
3. It gets Affirmative Structure after itself.
Note – यान रहे क as soon as के condition के साथ then अथवा than का योग नह ं होता।
Ex.:- As soon as I reached there than they called me on the stage. - ()
As soon as I reached there they called me on the stage. - ()

 No Sooner …. than – ( य ह )
1. It comes in Negative Sense.
2. It comes in only Past Tense.
3. It gets Interrogative Structure after itself.
Note – यान रहे क इसके Condition के लए than का योग कया जाता है ।
Ex.:- No sooner I reached there than they called me on the stage. - ()
No sooner did I reach there than they called me on the stage. - ()

 If / Whether –
If – (य द) Whether – (य द / चाहे या)
 As Conjunction it comes to arise  As Conjunction it also comes to arise
Question. Question.
 It arises a doubt full Question.  It can be used for any kind of Question.
Ex.:- He asked me, if I go to Delhi. Ex.:- He asked me whether I do this work.
Note – यान रहे क Doubt full Sense म Note – यान रहे क दु वधा जनक बात म
अथवा Doubt दशाने वाले श द के साथ ‘Whether’ आता है , ‘If’ नह ं।
‘If’ का योग नह ं होता। Ex.:- I can’t conform, if he will come
Ex.:- I can’t say / I can’t conform / I have today. – ()
doubt / I am in dilemma.  I can’t conform, whether he will
come today. – ()
 It comes to show conditions.  It comes to show dilemma.
Ex.:- If he comes you will go. Note – यान रहे क इस अव था म
“Whether …. Or” का योग होता है।
Ex.:- I don’t know whether he will go or
stay today.

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 Conjunction
 As / Like –
As – (के जैसा / के समान) Like – (के जैसा / के समान)
 It comes to show -  It also comes to show -
“Semblance + Connection” “Semblance + Connection”
 As + Subjective Case  Like + Objective Case
 As + Subjective Case + Verb, finishes  Like + Objective Case can finish a
a Sentence. Sentence.
Ex.:- He is speaking as I speak. Ex.:- He is speaking like me.
Note – As + Like, can be used. Note – Like + as, can’t be used.
Ex.:- He is singing as like me.
 यान रहे क कसी क सम पता दशाने
हे तु ः As का योग बना Verb का होता है ।
Ex.:- He was invited as chief guest.

 Due to / In order to –
Due to – (के कारण से) In order to – (के उ दे य से)
 It comes to show the reason for an  It comes to show the target of an
Action. Action.
 Generally it comes amid the Sentence.  It can be used either in the beginning of
Sentence or amid the Sentence.
 It gets a Noun / Pronoun or Gerund  It gets v1 after itself.
after itself.
Note – यान रहे क ‘Due to’ के ह थान Ex.:- I am going to Delhi in order to
getting a Job. – ()
पर इसी के अथ म ‘Owing to’ का
 I am going to Delhi in order to get a
योग भी होता है , इसका योग वा य Job. – ()
के शु आत अथवा बीच म कह ं भी हो
सकता है ।
Ex.:- (a) He was chided due to coming
late. – ()
(b) Owing to coming late he was
chided in the class. – ()

 And – It comes to joint two Parties having the same Importance.

Ex.:- Ram and Ravan were great.
 As well as – It comes to joint two Parties having different Importance.
Ex.:- Ram as well as Ravan was great.
Note – यान रहे क इसके तहत जु ड़ने वाले थम-प का मह व यादा और वतीय का
कम होता है ।
 Or – It comes to select either of the given two Options.
Ex.:- Do or die.
 Unless / Until – (जब तक क नह )ं
Unless Until
 Its condition depends on another Action.  Its condition depends on the Period of an
Action.
 It comes in Negative sense.  It also comes in Negative sense.

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 Conjunction
Note – यान रहे क Unless / Until के तु रंत बाद वाले भाग म गलती से भी No, Not तथा
Never का योग नह ं होता।
Ex.:- (a) You will not pass unless you don’t study. – ()
 You will not pass unless you study. – ()
(b) You will not go until he does not come. – ()
 You will not go until he comes. – ()

 As long as / Till – (तब, जब - तक)

As long as Till
 Its condition depends on the Period of  Its Action depends on a certain time.
an another Action.
* You can stay here till I am here. - * You can stay here as long as Monday. - 
* You can stay here as long as I am here. -  * You can stay here till Monday. -

* Order of Conjunction 
 Either gets relative ‘or’ not ‘nor’.
Ex.:- Either Ram nor Shyam will go in the Party. - ()
Either Ram or Shyam will go in the Party. - ()
 Neither gets relative ‘nor’ not ‘or’.
Ex.:- You can neither sing or dance. - ()
You can neither sing nor dance. - ()
 Not either gets relative ‘or’ not ‘nor’.
Ex.:- I shall not either sing nor dance. - ()
I shall not either sing or dance. - ()
 No / Not / Neither get relative ‘or’ not ‘nor’.
Ex.:- I have no car nor jeep. - ()
I have no car or jeep. - ()
 Whether gets relative ‘or’ not ‘nor / and’.
Ex.:- I don’t know whether he will go and stay today. - ()
I don’t know whether he will go or stay today. - ()
 Seldom or never is used, not Seldom or ever.
Ex.:- I have seldom or ever the visited the Taj. - ()
I have seldom or never the visited the Taj. - ()
 Seldom if ever is used, not Seldom if never.
Ex.:- Have you seldom if never visited the Taj. - ()
Have you seldom if ever visited the Taj. - ()
 Without or ever is used, not Without or never.
Ex.:- Have you without or never visited the Taj? - ()
Have you without or ever visited the Taj? - ()
 Both gets relative and not as well as / or.
Ex.:- He speaks both Hindi as well as English. - ()
He speaks both Hindi and English. - ()
 Between gets relative and, not as well as / or.
Ex.:- I was sitting between Mohan as well as Sohan. - ()
I was sitting between Mohan and Sohan. - ()

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 Conjunction
 Reason gets relative why, not that.
Ex.:- This is the reason that he does not attend the class. - ()
This is the reason why he does not attend the class. - ()
 Doubt / Doubtful matter gets relative whether, not if.
Ex.:- I have doubt if he will join the Party. - ()
I have doubt whether he will join the Party. - ()
 As gets relative as, not so.
Ex.:- Ram is as smart so Shyam. - ()
Ram is as smart as Shyam. - ()
 So gets relative as, not so.
Ex.:- Ram is not so smart so Shyam. - ()
Ram is not so smart as Shyam. - ()
 No one / No body / Nothing gets relative but, not yet.
Ex.:- I have nothing yet a pen. - ()
I have nothing but a pen. - ()
 Through / Although / As though / Even though …etc. gets relative yet, not but.
Ex.:- Through he is laborious, but he can’t qualify the exam. - ()
Through he is laborious, yet he can’t qualify the exam. - ()
 No, only gets relative but also, not and also / yet also.
Ex.:- Ram is not only smart yet also Intelligent. - ()
Ram is not only smart but also Intelligent. - ()
 No sooner gets relative than, not when / before.
Ex.:- Ram is no sooner did he play cricket when Raju came. - ()
Ram is no sooner did he play cricket than Raju came. - ()
 Rather gets relative than, not then.
Ex.:- I have nothing rather then a pen. - ()
I have nothing rather than a pen. - ()
 Hardly / Scarcely and Barely get relative when / before, not than or then.
Note – यान रहे क इनके तु रंत बाद Past Tense का Interrogative Structure होना चा हए।
Ex.:- Hardly had I gone there than they left the Room. - ()
Hardly had I gone there when they left the Room. - ()

* Some Special form of Conjunction 

 यान रहे क य द If / when / as soon as / as long as …etc. के तहत Condition का भाव
दशाया जाए, तो इनमे Then अथवा Than नह ं आता।
Ex.:- When he comes then you will go. - ()
When he comes you will go. - ()
 यान रहे क य द If, As if, It is high time, Though, All though, As though, Even though,
I wish …etc. के तहत Imagination का भाव य त हो, तो इनके तु रंत बाद आने वाला
Subject, were / v2 होना चा हए।
Ex.:- I wish! I were a bird.

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 Conjunction
 यान रहे क य द Lest के तहत Suggestion + Precaution का बोध हो, तो Lest के बाद
Should का योग होता है, जब क इसी अथ म Else के साथ shall / will / would आता है ।
Ex.:- Run fast, lest you should miss the train.
 यान रहे क Invite, Decide, Call, Install, Regard …etc. Verbs के साथ सम पता का भाव
दशाने हे तु ः As का योग होता है ।
Ex.:- He was invited as chief guest in the Party.
 यान रहे क Lest, Else, Unless, Until, Till …etc. के तु रंत बाद वाले भाग म No, Not,
Never का योग नह ं होता।
 यान रहे क Conjunction के प म And, Or, As well as, But …etc. का योग
Conjunction के प म वा य के शु म नह ं होता।

Conjunction Chapter is the End.

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