AN2480

AVR315: Using the TWI Module as I2C Master

Introduction
The Two-Wire Serial Interface (TWI) is compatible with Philips I2C protocol. The bus allows simple,
robust, and cost-effective communication between integrated circuits in electronics. The strengths of the
TWI bus are its capability to address up to 128 devices using the same bus and arbitration, and the
possibility to have multiple masters on the bus.
®
A hardware TWI module is included in most of the Microchip AVR devices.
This application note describes a TWI master implementation, in the form of a full-featured driver and
contains an example of usage for this driver. The driver handles transmission based on the both Standard
mode (<100kbps) and Fast mode (<400kbps).

Features
• C-code driver for TWI master
• Compatible with Philips I2C protocol
• Uses the hardware TWI module
• Interrupt driven transmission
• Supports both Standard mode and Fast mode

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 1

 AN2480

Table of Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................1

Features.......................................................................................................................... 1

1. Overview....................................................................................................................3
1.1. Two-wire Serial Interface..............................................................................................................3
1.2. The AVR TWI Module...................................................................................................................4
1.2.1. Control Unit....................................................................................................................4
1.2.2. Bit Rate Generator.........................................................................................................5
1.2.3. SCL and SDA Pins........................................................................................................ 6
1.2.4. Address Match Unit....................................................................................................... 6
1.2.5. Bus Interface Unit.......................................................................................................... 7

2. Implementation.......................................................................................................... 8
2.1. Functions......................................................................................................................................8

3. Summary................................................................................................................. 12

4. Revision History.......................................................................................................13

The Microchip Web Site................................................................................................ 14

Customer Change Notification Service..........................................................................14

Customer Support......................................................................................................... 14

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature................................................................. 14

Legal Notice...................................................................................................................15

Trademarks................................................................................................................... 15

Quality Management System Certified by DNV.............................................................16

Worldwide Sales and Service........................................................................................17

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 2

 AN2480

1. Overview
This section provides a short description of the TWI interface in general and the TWI module on the AVR
8-bit Microcontroller Family. For more information, refer to the specific device datasheet.

1.1 Two-wire Serial Interface

The Two-wire Serial Interface (TWI) is ideally suited for microcontroller applications. The TWI protocol
allows the systems designer to interconnect up to 128 individually addressable devices using only two bi-
directional bus lines; one for clock (SCL) and one for data (SDA). The only external hardware required to
implement the bus is a single pull-up resistor for each of the TWI bus lines. All devices connected to the
bus have individual addresses, and mechanisms for resolving bus contention are inherent in the TWI
protocol.
Figure 1-1. TWI Bus Interconnection
VCC

Device 1 Device 2 Device 3 ........ Device n R1 R2

SDA

SCL

The TWI bus is a multi-master bus where one or more devices are capable of taking control of the bus,
can be connected. Only Master devices can drive both the SCL and SDA lines, while a Slave device is
only allowed to issue data on the SDA line.
Data transfer is always initiated by a Bus Master device. A high to low transition on the SDA line, while
SCL is high, is defined to be a START condition or a repeated start condition.
Figure 1-2. TWI Address and Data Packet Format

Addr MSB Addr LSB R/W ACK Data MSB Data LSB ACK

SDA

SCL
1 2 7 8 9 1 2 7 8 9

START SLA+R/W Data Byte STOP

A START condition is always followed by the (unique) 7-bit slave address and then by a Data Direction
bit. The Slave device addressed now acknowledges to the Master by holding SDA low for one clock
cycle. If the Master does not receive any acknowledge the transfer is terminated. Depending on the Data
Direction bit, the Master or Slave now transmits 8-bit of data on the SDA line. The receiving device then
acknowledges the data. Multiple bytes can be transferred in one direction before a repeated START or

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 3

 AN2480
STOP condition is issued by the Master. The transfer is terminated when the Master issues a STOP
condition. A STOP condition is defined by a low to high transition on the SDA line while the SCL is high.
If a Slave device cannot handle incoming data until it has performed some other function, it can hold SCL
low to force the Master into a wait-state.
All data packets transmitted on the TWI bus are 9 bits, consisting of one data byte and an acknowledge
bit. During a data transfer, the master generates the clock and the START and STOP conditions, while
the receiver is responsible for acknowledging the reception. An Acknowledge (ACK) is signaled by the
receiver pulling the SDA line low during the ninth SCL cycle. If the receiver leaves the SDA line high, a
NACK is signaled.

1.2 The AVR TWI Module

The TWI module consists of several sub-modules, as shown in the following figure. All registers drawn in
a thick line are accessible through the AVR data bus.
Figure 1-3. Overview of the TWI Module in the AVR Devices

SCL SDA
Slew-rate Spike Slew-rate Spike
Control Filter Control Filter

Bus Interface Unit Bit Rate Generator

START / STOP
Spike Suppression Prescaler
Control

Address/Data Shift Bit Rate Register

Arbitration detection Ack
Register (TWDR) (TWBR)

Address Match Unit Control Unit

TWI Unit

Address Register Status Register Control Register

(TWAR) (TWSR) (TWCR)

State Machine and

Address Comparator
Status control

1.2.1 Control Unit

The AVR TWI module can operate in both Master and Slave mode. The mode of operation is
distinguished by the TWI status codes in the TWI Status Register (TWSR) and by the use of certain bits
in the TWI Control Register (TWCR).
A set of predefined status codes covers the various states the TWI can be present in when a TWI event
occurs. The status codes are divided into Master and Slave codes and further in receive and transmit
related codes. Status codes for Bus Error and Idle also exist.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 4

 AN2480
The TWI module operates as a state machine and is event driven. If a START CONDITION is followed by
a TWI address that matches the address in the Slave’s TWI Address Register (TWAR) the TWINT flag is
set. This results in the execution of the corresponding interrupt (if Global Interrupt and TWI interrupts are
enabled). The firmware of the Slave responds by reading the status code in TWSR and will respond
accordingly. All TWI events will set the TWINT flag, and the firmware must respond based on the status in
TWSR.
As long as the TWINT Flag is set, the SCL line is held low. This allows the application software to
complete its tasks before allowing the TWI transmission to continue.
The TWINT Flag is set:
• After the TWI has transmitted a START/REPEATED START condition
• After the TWI has transmitted SLA+R/W
• After the TWI has transmitted an address byte
• After the TWI has lost arbitration
• After the TWI has been addressed by own Slave address or general call
• After the TWI has received a data byte
• After a STOP or REPEATED START has been received while still addressed as a Slave
• When a bus error has occurred due to an illegal START or STOP condition

1.2.2 Bit Rate Generator

The Bite Rate Generator unit controls the period of SCL when operating in a Master mode. The SCL
period is controlled by settings in the TWI Bit Rate Register (TWBR) and the Prescaler bits in the TWI
Status Register (TWSR). Slave operation does not depend on Bit Rate or Prescaler settings, but the CPU
clock frequency in the Slave must be at least 16 times higher than the SCL frequency. Note that Slaves
may prolong the SCL low period, thereby reducing the average TWI bus clock frequency. The SCL
frequency is generated according to the following equation.
��� ��������������
������������ =
16 + 2 ���� − 4����

• TWBR = Value of the TWI Bit Rate Register

• TWPS = Value of the prescaler bits in the TWI Status Register
TWPS is located in TWISR, which is in the same register as where the TWI Status bits are. TWPS is
therefore chosen to be set to 0 in this application to simplify the handling of the Status bits, and only
TWBR is utilized to achieve the desired speed on SCL. The following table shows a selection of pre-
calculated TWBR values based on CPU and SCL frequencies.
Table 1-1. CPU and SCL Frequencies versus Bit Rate Generator Register Settings

CPU Clock Frequency [MHz] TWBR TWPS SCL Frequency [kHz]

16 12 0 400
16 72 0 100
14.4 10 0 400
14.4 64 0 100
12 7 0 400
12 52 0 100
8 2 0 400

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 5

 AN2480

CPU Clock Frequency [MHz] TWBR TWPS SCL Frequency [kHz]

8 32 0 100
4 12 0 100
3.6 10 0 100
2 2 0 100
2 12 0 50
1 2 0 50

1.2.3 SCL and SDA Pins

Both TWI lines (SDA and SCL) are bi-directional, therefore outputs connected to the TWI bus must be of
an open-drain or an open-collector type. Each line must be connected to the supply voltage via a pull-up
resistor. A line is then logic high when none of the connected devices drives the line, and logic low if one
or more drives the line low.
The output drivers contain a slew-rate limiter. The input stages contain a spike suppression unit removing
spikes shorter than 50ns. Note that the internal pull-ups in the AVR pads can be enabled by setting the
PORT bits corresponding to the SCL and SDA pins, as explained in the I/O Port section. In some
systems, the internal pull-ups can eliminate the need for external resistors.
The following figure shows how to connect the TWI units to the TWI bus. The value of Rp depends on
VCC and the bus capacitance, typically 4.7kΩ.
Figure 1-4. TWI Connection

1.2.4 Address Match Unit

The Address Match unit is used only in slave mode, and checks if the received address bytes match the
7-bit address in the TWI Address Register (TWAR). Upon an address match, the Control Unit is informed,
allowing the correct action to be taken. The TWI may or may not acknowledge its address, depending on
settings in the TWCR.
Although the clock system to the TWI is turned off in all sleep modes, the interface can still acknowledge
its own Slave address or the general call address by using the TWI Bus clock as a clock source. The part
will then wake up from sleep and the TWI will hold the SCL clock low during the wake-up and until the
TWINT Flag is cleared.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 6

 AN2480
1.2.5 Bus Interface Unit
This unit contains the Data and Address Shift Register (TWDR), a START/STOP Controller, and
Arbitration detection hardware. The TWDR contains the address or data bytes to be transmitted, or the
address or data bytes received. In addition, it also contains a register containing the (N)ACK bit to be
transmitted or received.
The START/STOP Controller is responsible for generation and detection of START, REPEATED START,
and STOP conditions. The START/STOP controller is able to detect START and STOP conditions even
when the AVR MCU is in one of the sleep modes, enabling the MCU to wake up if addressed by a Master.
If the TWI has initiated a transmission as Master, the Arbitration Detection hardware continuously
monitors the transmission trying to determine if arbitration is in process. If the TWI has lost an arbitration,
the Control Unit is informed. Correct action can then be taken and appropriate status codes generated.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 7

 AN2480

2. Implementation
The implemented code in this application note is a pure master driver. The TWI modules also support
slave operation. See the AVR311: Using the TWI module as I2C slave application note for a sample of a
slave driver. The master and slave drivers could be merged into one combined master and slave driver,
but this is not the scope of this application note.
The master driver C-code consists of three files:
1. TWI_Master.c
2. TWI_Master.h
3. Main.c
There is an example on how to use the driver in the main.c file. The TWI_Master.h file must be
included in the main application and contains all function declarations, a define of the Bit Rate Register
(TWBR), and defines for all TWI status codes. The TWBR must be set according to the description earlier
in this application note. The TWI status code defines can be used to evaluate error messages and to take
appropriate actions. The TWI_Master.c file contains all the driver functions.

2.1 Functions
The driver consists of the TWI Interrupt Service Routine and six functions. All functions are available for
use outside the driver file scope. However, some of them are also used internally by the driver itself. All
functions in the driver are listed in the following table.
Table 2-1. Description of Functions in the TWI Master Driver

Function Name Description

void TWI_Master_Initialise( ) Call this function to set up the TWI master to its initial
standby state.
Remember to enable interrupts from the main application
after initializing the TWI.

void Call this function to send a prepared message. The first

TWI_Start_Transceiver_with_Data byte must contain the slave address and the read/write
bit. Consecutive bytes contain the data to be sent, or
( unsigned char *msg, unsigned
empty locations for data to be read from the slave. Also
char msgSize)
include how many bytes that should be sent/read
including the address byte. The function will hold
execution (loop) until the TWI_ISR has completed with
the previous operation, then initialize the next operation
and return.
void TWI_Start_Transceiver( ) Call this function to resend the last message. The driver
will reuse the data previously put in the transceiver
buffers. The function will hold execution (loop) until the
TWI_ISR has completed with the previous operation,
then initialize the next operation and return.
unsigned char Call this function to test if the TWI_ISR is busy
TWI_Transceiver_Busy( ) transmitting.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 8

 AN2480

Function Name Description

unsigned char Call this function to fetch the state information of the
TWI_Get_State_Info( ) previous operation. The function will hold execution
(loop) until the TWI_ISR has completed with the previous
operation. If there was an error, then the function will
return the TWIState code.
unsigned char Call this function to read out the requested data from the
TWI_Get_Data_From_Transceiver TWI transceiver buffer. I.e. first call
TWI_Start_Transceiver to send a request for data
( unsigned char *message,
unsigned char messageSize) to the slave. Then run this function to collect the data
when they have arrived. Include a pointer to where to
place the data and the number of bytes requested
(including the address field) in the function call. The
function will hold execution (loop) until the TWI_ISR has
completed with the previous operation, before reading
out the data and returning. If there was an error in the
previous transmission the function will return the TWI
error code.
ISR(TWI_vect)(For GCC)/ This function is the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR), and
__interrupt void TWI_ISR(void) is automatically called when the TWI interrupt is
(For IAR) triggered; that is, whenever a TWI event has occurred.
This function should not be called directly from the main
application.

The following table consists the description of the driver register byte containing status information from
the last transceiver operation. Available as bit fields within a byte.
Table 2-2. Description of the Driver Status Register Byte
TWI_statusReg Description
TWI_statusReg.lastTransOK Set to 1 when an operation has completed successfully.

The following figure shows a flowchart of the process of sending and requesting data over the TWI
interface through the drivers. Data is passed through parameters to the functions while the status of an
operation is available trough a global status variable.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 9

 AN2480
Figure 2-1. Calling the TWI Driver from the Application
Send data Request data

Prepare transmission Prepare transmission

buffer with slave address, buffer with slave address
R/W bit and data to send and R/W bit .

Call Transeiver with Call Transeiver with

pointer to buffer and pointer to buffer and
number of bytes number of bytes
to send to request

Do something else Do something else

while waiting for TWI while waiting for TWI
transmission to reception to
complete complete

When complete, check Call GetData to check if

statusReg to se if reception went ok,
transmission went ok and read out received
or if special actions data, or if special
must be taken actions must be taken

Return Return

The following figure shows a flowchart, which contains the description of TWI Driver itself . The
Transceiver function copies the complete message into the transmission buffer. Then it enables the TWI
Interrupt to initiate the transmission. The Interrupt then takes care of the complete transmission and
disables itself when the transmission is completed, or if an error state occurs. This way the driver can poll
the interrupt enable bit to check if a transmission is ongoing. The main application is only allowed to
access the global transceiver variables while the TWI transceiver is not busy. The interrupt stores
eventual error states in a variable that is available for the main application through a function call.
Figure 2-2. TWI Driver Functions
TWI Get Data From TWI Start Transceiver
TWI Get State Info TWI Interrupt
Transceiver with Data

Wait until TWI Interrupt Wait until TWI Interrupt Wait until TWI Interrupt TWI state machine
is disabled is disabled is disabled taking care of the
complete
transmission/
reception
Return ( TWI_state ) Copy transmit buffer
Transceiver No and message size, to
operation completed internal driver buffer
with success? Disables it self when
transmission completed
or error state detected
Yes Clear statusReg &
TWIstate

Copy data from internal

Return
driver buffer Enable TWI interrupt,
initalise a START
condition

Return (Transceiver
operation completed with Return
success?)

The following flowchart shows a more detailed description of the actions for each event/state in the TWI
Interrupt Service Routine. The left column contains the different states/events the TWI state machine can
be in when entering the Interrupt. A case switch executes the different actions dependent on the cause of
the interrupt call.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 10

 AN2480
Figure 2-3. TWI Interrupt Service Routine
TWI Interrupt

START has been

transmitted

Reset bufferPointer
Repeated START has
been transmitted

SLA+W has been

tramsmitted and
ACK received

Data byte has been

buffer pointer at
tramsmitted and
the end? Yes
ACK received

Data byte has been

received and
ACK tramsmitted Set Success bit
Copy from data register to in StatusReg
SLA+R has been current buffer position.
Post incr pointer. No
tramsmitted and
Disable TWI interrupt,
ACK received
initalise a STOP condition
and clear interrupt flag
Data byte has been
received and
NACK tramsmitted
Copy data from current
Copy from data register to buffer position to data
current buffer position. register. Post incr pointer.
Arbitration lost

Initalise a RESTART Set Success bit

condition and clear Clear TWI interrupt flag
SLA+W/R has been in StatusReg
tramsmitted and TWI interrupt flag
NACK received
Disable TWI interrupt,
Data byte has been initalise a STOP condition
tramsmitted and and clear interrupt flag
buffer
NACK received
pointer position at
byte before the
Bus error due to an illegal end?
START or STOP condition
Yes
No
Error States Store TWI state information

Intialise a ACK after

reception and clear
TWI interrupt flag
Disable TWI interrupt
Intialise a NACK after
reception and clear
TWI interrupt flag

Return

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 11

 AN2480

3. Summary
This application note describes the steps to configure the TWI module as a Master and provides an
example driver software to implement the module. The firmware for Master Driver is available as a
download along with this application note.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 12

 AN2480

4. Revision History
Doc Rev. Date Comments
®
A 07/2017 • Converted to Microchip format and replaced the Atmel document number
2564 with Microchip DS00002480
• Uploaded new updated images: TWI bus interconnection and TWI address
and Data Packet Format
• Updated the equation of "Bit rate Generation"

2564D 03/2016 The firmware is ported to Atmel Studio 7

2564C 01/2010 Updated table for bit rates
2564B 09/2007 Removed text about TWBR needs to be higher than 10
2564A 04/2006 Initial document release.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 13

 AN2480
The Microchip Web Site

Microchip provides online support via our web site at http://www.microchip.com/. This web site is used as
a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite
Internet browser, the web site contains the following information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design
resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived
software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), technical support requests,
online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases,
listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory
representatives

Customer Change Notification Service

Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products.
Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata
related to a specified product family or development tool of interest.
To register, access the Microchip web site at http://www.microchip.com/. Under “Support”, click on
“Customer Change Notification” and follow the registration instructions.

Customer Support

Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:

• Distributor or Representative
• Local Sales Office
• Field Application Engineer (FAE)
• Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or Field Application Engineer (FAE) for support.
Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included
in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://www.microchip.com/support

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the
market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.
• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of
these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the
operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is
engaged in theft of intellectual property.
• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 14

 AN2480
• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their
code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the
code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a
violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software
or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Legal Notice
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for
your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your
application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY
OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS
CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE.
Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life
support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend,
indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting
from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual
property rights unless otherwise stated.

Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, AnyRate, AVR, AVR logo, AVR Freaks, BeaconThings,
BitCloud, CryptoMemory, CryptoRF, dsPIC, FlashFlex, flexPWR, Heldo, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, KeeLoq logo,
Kleer, LANCheck, LINK MD, maXStylus, maXTouch, MediaLB, megaAVR, MOST, MOST logo, MPLAB,
OptoLyzer, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, Prochip Designer, QTouch, RightTouch, SAM-BA,
SpyNIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash, tinyAVR, UNI/O, and XMEGA are registered trademarks of
Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
ClockWorks, The Embedded Control Solutions Company, EtherSynch, Hyper Speed Control, HyperLight
Load, IntelliMOS, mTouch, Precision Edge, and Quiet-Wire are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Adjacent Key Suppression, AKS, Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Any Capacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, BodyCom,
chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, CryptoAuthentication, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, Dynamic Average Matching, DAM, ECAN, EtherGREEN, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Inter-Chip Connectivity, JitterBlocker, KleerNet, KleerNet logo, Mindi, MiWi,
motorBench, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, Omniscient
Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, PureSilicon, QMatrix, RightTouch logo, REAL
ICE, Ripple Blocker, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, SMART-I.S., SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Total
Endurance, TSHARC, USBCheck, VariSense, ViewSpan, WiperLock, Wireless DNA, and ZENA are
trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.
GestIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of
Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.
© 2017, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 15

 AN2480
ISBN: 978-1-5224-1939-6

Quality Management System Certified by DNV

ISO/TS 16949
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer
fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
® ®
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC MCUs and dsPIC
®
DSCs, KEELOQ code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development
systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 16

 Worldwide Sales and Service

AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC ASIA/PACIFIC EUROPE

Corporate Office Asia Pacific Office China - Xiamen Austria - Wels
2355 West Chandler Blvd. Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor Tel: 86-592-2388138 Tel: 43-7242-2244-39
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tower 6, The Gateway Fax: 86-592-2388130 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
Tel: 480-792-7200 Harbour City, Kowloon China - Zhuhai Denmark - Copenhagen
Fax: 480-792-7277 Hong Kong Tel: 86-756-3210040 Tel: 45-4450-2828
Technical Support: Tel: 852-2943-5100 Fax: 86-756-3210049 Fax: 45-4485-2829
http://www.microchip.com/ Fax: 852-2401-3431 India - Bangalore Finland - Espoo
support Australia - Sydney Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 Tel: 358-9-4520-820
Web Address: Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 91-80-3090-4123 France - Paris
www.microchip.com Fax: 61-2-9868-6755 India - New Delhi Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Atlanta China - Beijing Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Duluth, GA Tel: 86-10-8569-7000 Fax: 91-11-4160-8632 France - Saint Cloud
Tel: 678-957-9614 Fax: 86-10-8528-2104 India - Pune Tel: 33-1-30-60-70-00
Fax: 678-957-1455 China - Chengdu Tel: 91-20-3019-1500 Germany - Garching
Austin, TX Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 Japan - Osaka Tel: 49-8931-9700
Tel: 512-257-3370 Fax: 86-28-8665-7889 Tel: 81-6-6152-7160 Germany - Haan
Boston China - Chongqing Fax: 81-6-6152-9310 Tel: 49-2129-3766400
Westborough, MA Tel: 86-23-8980-9588 Japan - Tokyo Germany - Heilbronn
Tel: 774-760-0087 Fax: 86-23-8980-9500 Tel: 81-3-6880- 3770 Tel: 49-7131-67-3636
Fax: 774-760-0088 China - Dongguan Fax: 81-3-6880-3771 Germany - Karlsruhe
Chicago Tel: 86-769-8702-9880 Korea - Daegu Tel: 49-721-625370
Itasca, IL China - Guangzhou Tel: 82-53-744-4301 Germany - Munich
Tel: 630-285-0071 Tel: 86-20-8755-8029 Fax: 82-53-744-4302 Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Fax: 630-285-0075 China - Hangzhou Korea - Seoul Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Dallas Tel: 86-571-8792-8115 Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Germany - Rosenheim
Addison, TX Fax: 86-571-8792-8116 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or Tel: 49-8031-354-560
Tel: 972-818-7423 China - Hong Kong SAR 82-2-558-5934 Israel - Ra’anana
Fax: 972-818-2924 Tel: 852-2943-5100 Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: 972-9-744-7705
Detroit Fax: 852-2401-3431 Tel: 60-3-6201-9857 Italy - Milan
Novi, MI China - Nanjing Fax: 60-3-6201-9859 Tel: 39-0331-742611
Tel: 248-848-4000 Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 Malaysia - Penang Fax: 39-0331-466781
Houston, TX Fax: 86-25-8473-2470 Tel: 60-4-227-8870 Italy - Padova
Tel: 281-894-5983 China - Qingdao Fax: 60-4-227-4068 Tel: 39-049-7625286
Indianapolis Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 Philippines - Manila Netherlands - Drunen
Noblesville, IN Fax: 86-532-8502-7205 Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Tel: 31-416-690399
Tel: 317-773-8323 China - Shanghai Fax: 63-2-634-9069 Fax: 31-416-690340
Fax: 317-773-5453 Tel: 86-21-3326-8000 Singapore Norway - Trondheim
Tel: 317-536-2380 Fax: 86-21-3326-8021 Tel: 65-6334-8870 Tel: 47-7289-7561
Los Angeles China - Shenyang Fax: 65-6334-8850 Poland - Warsaw
Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 48-22-3325737
Tel: 949-462-9523 Fax: 86-24-2334-2393 Tel: 886-3-5778-366 Romania - Bucharest
Fax: 949-462-9608 China - Shenzhen Fax: 886-3-5770-955 Tel: 40-21-407-87-50
Tel: 951-273-7800 Tel: 86-755-8864-2200 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Spain - Madrid
Raleigh, NC Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 Tel: 886-7-213-7830 Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Tel: 919-844-7510 China - Wuhan Taiwan - Taipei Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
New York, NY Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Tel: 886-2-2508-8600 Sweden - Gothenberg
Tel: 631-435-6000 Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 Tel: 46-31-704-60-40
San Jose, CA China - Xian Thailand - Bangkok Sweden - Stockholm
Tel: 408-735-9110 Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Tel: 46-8-5090-4654
Tel: 408-436-4270 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 Fax: 66-2-694-1350 UK - Wokingham
Canada - Toronto Tel: 44-118-921-5800
Tel: 905-695-1980 Fax: 44-118-921-5820
Fax: 905-695-2078

© 2017 Microchip Technology Inc. Application Note DS00002480A-page 17