done

2024

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

Class: 12th
Topics Covered: PROBABILITY

Student’s Name: _________________________ Class: __________

Date: ________________

ANMOL CLASSES: 9999439018;9205607509 [1]

 MATHEMATICS

CASE STUDY 1: -
Three friends A, B and C are playing a dice game. The numbers rolled up by them in their first three chances were noted and
given by A = {1, 5}, B = {2, 4, 5} and C = {1, 2, 5} as A reaches the cell 'SKIP YOUR NEXT TURN' in second throw.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. P(A I B) =
! ! ! $
(a) " (b) # (c) $ (d) #

2. P(B I C) =
$ ! !
(a) # (b) !$ (c) % (d) 0

3. P(A ∩ B I C) =
! ! ! !
(a) " (b) $ (c) !$ (d) #

4. P(A I C) =
! $
(a) & (b) 1 (c) # (d) 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒

5. P(A ∪ B| C) =
! $
(a) 0 (b) $ (c) # (d) 1
Ans = (b, a, d, c, d)

CASE STUDY 2: -
In a play zone, Aastha is playing crane game. It has 12 blue balls, 8 red balls. 10 yellow balls and 5 green balls. If Aastha draws
two balls one after the other without replacement, then answer the following questions.

1. What is the probability that the first ball is blue and the second ball is green?
' !$ " !'
(a) !!% (b) !!% (c) !!% (d) !!%

2. What is the probability that the first ball is yellow and the second ball is red?
!" ( $&
(a) !!% (b) !!% (c) !!% (d) None of these

3. What is the probability that both the balls are red?

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 & $& !$ "&
(a) (' (b) '%' (c) !!% (d) !!%

4. What is the probability that the first ball is green and the second ball is not yellow?
!) " !$
(a) !!% (b) (' (c) !!% (d) None of these

5. What is the probability that both the balls are not blue?
" !$ !' $'#
(a) '%' (b) (' (c) !* (d) '%'
Ans = (c, b, a, c, d)

CASE STUDY 3: -
Ajay enrolled himself in an online practice test portal provided by his school for better practice. Out of 5 questions in a set-
I, he was able to solve 4 of them and got stuck in the one which is as shown below.

If A and B are independent events, P(A) = 0.6 and P(B) = 0.8, then answer the following questions
1. P(A ∩ B) =
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.48 (d) 0.6

2. P(A ∪ B) =
(a) 0.92 (b) 0.08 (c) 0.48 (d) 0.64

3. P(B I A) =
(a) 0.14 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.8

4. P(A I B) =
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.19 (d) 0.11

5. P (not A and not B) =

(a) 0.01 (b) 0.48 (c) 0.08 (d) 0.91
Ans = (c, a, d, a, c)

CASE STUDY 4: -
A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience, it is known that the probabilities that he will come by cab, metro,
bike or by other means of transport are respectively 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4. The probabilities that he will be late are 0.25, 0.3,
0.35 and 0.1. if he comes by cab, metro, bike and other means of transport respectively.

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Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
1. When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by metro?
' $ ' !
(a) !& (b) * (c) $! (d) "

2. When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by cab?
& ! ' $
(a) $! (b) * (c) !& (d) $!

3. When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by bike?
' & ' !
(a) $! (b) * (c) " (d) "

4. When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by other means of transport?
" ' & $
(a) * (b) !& (c) $! (d) *

5. What is the probability that the doctor is late by any means?

! !
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) $ (d) &
Ans = (b, c, d, c, a)

CASE STUDY 5: -
Suman was doing a project on a school survey, on the average number of hours spent on study by students selected at
random. At the end of survey, Suman prepared the following report related to the data. Let X denotes the average number
of hours spent on study by students. The probability that X can take the values x, has the following form, where k is some
unknown constant.
0.2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
𝑘𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2
P (X = x) = )
𝑘(6 − 𝑥), 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 3 𝑜𝑟 4
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. Find the value of k.
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.05

2. What is the probability that the average study lime of students is not more than 1 hour?
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.1

3. What is the probability that the average study time of students is at least 3 hours?
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.8 (d) 0.1

4. What is the probability that the average study time of students is exactly 2 hours?
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.2

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5. What is the probability that the average study time of students is at least 1 hour?
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.8 (d) 0.6
Ans = (a, b, a, d, c)

CASE STUDY 6: -
On a holiday, a father gave a puzzle from a newspaper to his son Ravi and his daughter Priya. The probability of solving this
! !
specific puzzle independently by Rayi and Priya are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
& '

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The chance that both Ravi and Priya solved the puzzle, is
(a) 10% (b) 5% (c) 25% (d) 20%

2. Probability that puzzle is solved by Ravi but not by Priya, is

! ! # !
(a) $ (b) ' (c) ' (d) #

3. Find the probability that puzzle is solved.

! ! $ '
(a) $ (b) ' (c) ' (d) "

4. Probability that exactly one of them solved the puzzle, is

! ! * #
(a) #) (b) $) (c) $) (d) $)

5. Probability that none of them solved the puzzle, is

! # $
(a) ' (b) ' (c) ' (d) None of these
Ans = (b, b, c, c, b)

CASE STUDY 7: -
A card is lost from a pack of 52 cards. From the remaining cards two cards are drawn at random.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The probability of drawing two diamonds, given that a card of diamond is missing, is
$! $$ $# !
(a) &$' (b) &$' (c) &$' (d) &$'

2. The probability of drawing two diamonds, given that a card of heart is missing, is
$" $$ !% $#
(a) &$' (b) &$' (c) &$' (d) &$'

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3. Let A be the event of drawing two diamonds from remaining 51 cards and E1, E2, E3 and E4 be the events that lost
card is of diamond, club, spade and heart respectively, then the approximate value of ∑&+,! 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸+ ) is
(a) 0.17 (b) 0.24 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.18

4. All of a sudden, missing card is found and then two cards are drawn simultaneously without replacement. Probability
that both drawn cards are king is
! ! ! $
(a) '$ (b) $$! (c) !$! (d) $$!

5. If two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards, one by one with replacement, then probability of getting
not a king in 1st and 2nd draw is
!&& !$ "&
(a) !"% (b) !"% (c) !"% (d) none of these
Ans = (b, a, b, b, a)

CASE STUDY 8: -
One day, a sangeet Mahotsav is to be organized in an open area of Rajasthan. In recent years, it has rained only 6 days each
year. Also, it is given that when it actually rains. the weatherman correctly forecasts rain 80% of the lime. When it doesn't
rain, he incorrectly forecasts rain 20% of the time. If leap year is considered, then answer the following questions.

1. The probability that it rains on chosen day is

! ! ! !
(a) #"" (b) *# (c) ") (d) "!

2. The probability that it does not rain on chosen day is

! ' #")
(a) #"" (b) #"" (c) #"" (d) none of these

3. The probability that the weatherman predicts correctly is

' * & !
(a) " (b) ( (c) ' (d) '

4. The probability that it will rain on the chosen day, if weatherman predict rain for that day, is
(a) 0.0625 (b) 0.0725 (c) 0.0825 (d) 0.0925

5. The probability that it will not rain on the chosen day, if weatherman predict rain for that day, is
(a) 0.94 (b) 0.84 (c) 0.74 (d) 0.64
Ans = (d, c, c, a, a)

CASE STUDY 9: -
In a family there are four children. All of them have to work in their family business to earn their livelihood at the age of 18.

ANMOL CLASSES: 9999439018;9205607509 [6]

Based on the above information, answer the following questions
1. Probability that all children are girls, if it is given that elder child is a boy, is
(a) 3/8 (b) 1/8 (c) 5/8 (d) none of these

2. Probability that all children are boys, if two elder children are boys, is
(a) 1/4 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/2 (d) none of these

3. Find the probability that two middle children are boys, if it is given that eldest child is a girl.
(a) 0 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/4 (d) none of these

4. Find the probability that all children are boys, if it is given that at most one of the children is a girl.
(a) O (b) 1/5 (c) 2/5 (d) 4/5

5. Find the probability that all children are boys, if it is given that at least three of the children are boys.
(a) 1/5 (b) 2/5 (c) 3/5 (d) 4/5
Ans = (d, a, c, b, a)

CASE STUDY 10: -

To teach the application of probability a maths teacher arranged a surprise game for 5 of his students namely Archit, Aadya,
Mivaan, Deepak and Vrinda. He took a bowl containing tickets numbered 1 to 50 and told the students go one by one and
draw two tickets simultaneously from the bowl and replace it after noting the numbers.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. Teacher ask Vrinda, what is the probability that both tickets drawn by Archit shows even number?
(a) 1/50 (b) 12/49 (c) 13/49 (d) 15/49

2. Teacher ask Mivaan, what is the probability that both tickets drawn by Aadya shows odd number?
(a) 1/50 (b) 2/49 (c) 12/49 (d) 5/49

3. Teacher ask Deepak, what is the probability that tickets drawn by Mivaan, shows a multiple of 4 on one ticket and a
multiple 5 on other ticket?
(a) 14/245 (b) 16/245 (c) 24/245 (d) None of these

4. Teacher ask Archit what is the probability that tickets are drawn by Deepak, shows a prime number on one ticket and a
multiple of 4 on other ticket?

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 (a) 3/245 (b) 17/245 (c) 18/245 (d) 36/245

5. Teacher ask Aadya, what is the probability that tickets drawn by Vrinda, shows an even number on first ticket and an odd
number on second ticket?
(a) 15/98 (b) 25/98 (c) 35/98 (d) none of these
Ans = (b, c, c, d, b)

CASE STUDY 11: -

A pharmaceutical company wants to advertise a new product on T. V., where the product is specially designed for women.
For that an advertising executive is hired to study television-viewing habits of married couples during prin1e time hours.
Based on past viewing records he has determined that during prime-time husbands are watching television 70% of the time.
It has also been determined that when the husband is watching television, 30% of the time the wife is also watching. When
the husband is not watching television, 40% of the time the wife is watching television.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The probability that the husband is not watching television during prime time, is
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.5

2. If the wife is watching television, the probability that husband is also watching television, is
(a) 2/11 (b) 7/11 (c) 5/11 (d) 8/11

3. The probability that both husband and wife are watching television during prime lime, is
(a) 0.21 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4

4. The probability that the wife is watching television during prime time, is
(a) 0.24 (b) 0.33 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4

5. If the wife is watching television, then the probability that husband is not watching television, is
(a) 2/11 (b) 4/11 (c) 1/11 (d) 5/11
Ans = (b, b, a, b, b)

CASE STUDY 12: -

In a bilateral cricket series between India and South Africa. the probability that India wins the first match is 0.6. If India wins
any match, then the probability that it wins the next match is 0.4, otherwise, the probability is 0.3. Also. it is given that there
is no tie in any match.

Based on the above information answer the following questions.

1. The probability that India won the second match. if India has already loose the first match is

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 (a) 0.5 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.6

2. The probability that India losing the third match, if India has already loose the first two matches is
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.7

3. The probability that India losing the first two matches .is
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.28 (c) 0.42 (d) 0.01

4. The probability that India winning the first three matches is

(a) 0.92 (b) 0.96 (c) 0.94 (d) 0.096

5. The probability that India winning exactly one of the first three matches is
(a) 0.205 (b) 0.21 (c) 0.408 (d) 0.312
Ans = (c, d, b, d, c)

CASE STUDY 13: -

A student is preparing for the competitive examinations LIC AAO, SSC CGL and Bank P.O. The probabilities that the student
is selected independently in competitive examination of LIC AAO, SSC CGL and Bank P.O. are a, band c respectively. Of these
examinations., students have 50% chance of selection in at least one, 40% chance of selection in at least two and 30% chance
of selection in exactly two examinations.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The value of a + b + c - ab - be - ca + abc is
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.6

2. The value of ab + bc + ac - 2abc is

(a) 0.5 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.6

3. The value of abc is

(a) 0.1 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.3

4. The value of ab + bc + ac is
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.3

5. The value of a + b + c is
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 1.6 (d) 1.4
Ans = (b, c, a, b, a)

CASE STUDY 14: -

A factory has three machines A, B and C to manufacture bolts. Machine A manufacture 30%, machine B manufacture 20%
and machine C manufacture 50% of the bolts respectively. Out of their respective outputs 5%, 2% and 4% are defective. A
bolt is drawn at random from total production and it is found to be defective.

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Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
1. Probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine A, is
& ' " %
(a) (b) (c) (d)
!# !# !# !#

2. Probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine B, is

(a) 0.3 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.4

3. Probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine C is

!" !* $) !'
(a) (b) (c) (d)
#% #% #% #%

4. Probability that defective bolt is not manufactured by machine B, is

#' "! &!
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
#% #% #%

5. Probability that defective bolt is not manufactured by machine C, is

(a) 0.03 (b) 0.09 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.9
Ans = (b, b, c, a, c)

CASE STUDY 15: -

Box I contain l white, 3 black and 2 red balls. Box II contains 2 white, 1 black and 3 red balls. Box Ill contains 3 white, 2 black
and l red balls. One box is chosen at random and two balls are drawn with replacement.

If E1, E2, E3 be the events that the balls drawn from box I, box II and box III respectively and E be the event that balls drawn
are one white and one red, then answer the following questions.
1. Probability of occurrence of event E given that the balls drawn are from box I, is
! $ # !
(a) (b) (c) (d)
% " ' *

2. Probability of occurrence of event E, given that the balls drawn are from box II, is
! ! # #
(a) (b) (c) (d)
# & & '

3. Probability of occurrence of event E, given that balls drawn are from box III. is
! # ! &
(a) (b) (c) (d)
!$ !! " !!

4. The value of ∑#+,! 𝑃(𝐸|𝐸! ) is equal to

' ! ! !!
(a) (b) (c) (d)
!( $ !( !(

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5. The probability that the balls drawn are from box II, given that event E has already occurred, is
! " '
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
!! !! !!
Ans = (a, a, c, d, b)

CASE STUDY 16: -

Nisha and Ayushi appeared for first. round of an interview for two vacancies. The probability of Nisha's selection is 1/3 and
that of Ayushi's selection is 1/2.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The probability that both of them are selected, is
! ! ! !
(a) !$ (b) $& (c) " (d) $

2. The probability that none of them are selected, is

$ # ' !
(a) * (b) ( (c) ( (d) #

3. The probability that only one of them are selected, is

' $ $ !
(a) ( (b) # (c) ' (d) $

4. The probability that atleast one of them are selected, is

$ ! # $
(a) # (b) ( (c) ' (d) '

5. Suppose Nisha is selected by the manager and told her about two posts I and II for which selection is
! !
independent. If the probability of selection for post I is and for post II is , then the probability that Nisha is
" '
selected for at least one post, is
! $ # !
(a) # (b) # (c) ( (d) $
Ans = (c, d, d, a, a)

CASE STUDY 17: -

Varun and Isha decided to play with dice to keep themselves busy at home as their schools are closed due to
coronavirus pandemic. Varun throw a dice repeatedly until a six is obtained. He denote the number of throws
required by X.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. The probability that X = 2 equals
! ' ' !
(a) " (b) ". (c) #/ (d) "0

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2. The probability that X = 4 equals
! ! '0 '
(a) "1 (b) "/ (c) "1 (d) "1

3. The probability that X ≥ 2 equals

$' '0 ' $'
(a) $!" (b) 1 - "2 (c) " (d) #"

4. The probability that (X ≥ 6) equals

'2 '0 '0 ×"! '0
(a) "2 (b) 1 - "2 (c) "2
(d) "1

5. The probability that X > 3 equals

#" '. ' '0
(a) $' (b) ". (c) " (d) "0
Ans = (b, c, c, a, d)

CASE STUDY 18: -

In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular school. 50% of the
students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics and Mathematics. A student is
selected at random from the class.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. 'The probability that the selected student has failed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in Mathematics, is
# !$ ! '
(a) !)
(b) $' (c) & (d) *

2. The probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in Economics, is
$$ !$ ! #
(a) $'
(b) $' (c) $ (d) $'

3. The probability that the selected student has passed in at least one of the two subjects, is
! ! #
(a) & (b) $ (c) & (d) none of these

4. The probability that the selected student has failed in at least one of the two subjects, is
# $$ $ &#
(a) ' (b) $' (c) ' (d) !))

5. The probability that the selected student bas passed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in Economics, is
$ # ! !
(a) ' (b) & (c) # (d) $
Ans = (d, c, c, a, d)

CASE STUDY 19: -

In a wedding ceremony, consists of father, mother, daughter and son line up at random for a family photograph, as shown

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in figure.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. Find the probability that daughter is at one end, given that father and mother are in the middle.
! ! $
(a) 1 (b) $ (c) # (d) #

2. Find the probability that mother is at right end, given that son and daughter are together.
! ! !
(a) $ (b) # (c) & (d) 0

3. Find the probability that father and mother are in the middle, given that son is at right end.
! ! ! $
(a) & (b) $ (c) # (d) #

4. Find the probability that father and son are standing together, given that mother and daughter are standing together.
! $
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) $ (d) #

5. Find the probability that father and mother are on either of the ends, given that son is at second position from the right
end.
! $ ! $
(a) # (b) # (c) & (d) '
Ans = (a, b, c, d, a)

CASE STUDY 20: -

Between students of class XII of two schools A and B basketball match is organized. For which, a team from each school is
chosen, say T1 be the team of school A and T2 be the team of school B. These teams have to play two games against each
other. It is assumed that the outcomes of the two games are independent. The probability of T1 winning, drawing and losing
! # !
a game against T2 are , and ' respectively. Each team gets 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and O point for a loss in
$ !)
a game. Let X and Y denote the total points scored by team A and B respectively, after two games.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. P(T2 winning a match against T1) is equal to
(a) 1/5 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) none of these

2. P(T2 drawing a match against T1) is equal to

(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/6 (d) 3/10

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3. P(X > Y) is equal to
(a) 1/4 (b) 5/12 (c) 1/20 (d) 11/20

4. P(X = Y) is equal to
(a) 11/100 (b) 1/3 (c) 29/100 (d) 1/2

5. P(X + Y = 8) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 5/12 (c) 13/36 (d) 7/12
Ans = (a, d, d, c, a)

CASE STUDY 21: -

In an office three employees Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal process incoming copies of a certain form. Vinay process 50% of the
forms, Sonia processes 20% and Iqbal the remaining 30% of the forms. Vi nay has an error rate of 0.06, Sonia has an error
rate of 0.04 and Iqbal has an error rate of 0.03.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions

1. The conditional probability that an error is committed in processing given that Sonia processed the form is
(a) 0.0210 (b) 0.04 (c) 0.47 (d) 0.06

2. The probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error is
(a) 0.005 (b) 0.006 (c) 0.008 (d) 0.68

3. The total probability of committing an error in processing the form is

(a) 0 (b) 0.047 (c) 0.234 (d) 1

4. The manager of the company wants to do a quality check. During inspection he selects a form at random from the days
output of processed forms. If the form selected at random has an error, the probability that the form is NOT processed
by Vinay is
#) $) !*
(a) 1 (b) &* (c) &* (d) &*

5. Let A be the event of committing an error, in processing the form and let E1 E2 and E3 be the events that that Vinay, Sonia
and Iqbal processed the form. The value of ∑#+,! 𝑃(𝐸+ |𝐴) is
(a) 0 (b) 0.03 (c) 0.06 (d) 1
Ans = (b, c, b, d, d)

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