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### Project File: "The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck

#### Table of Contents

1. **Introduction**
2. **Relevance of the Chapter 'The Enemy' in
Modern Context**
3. **The Theme of Conflict Between the Call of
Humanity and Nationality and Duty as a
Citizen**
4. **Element of Racial Discrimination in the
Story**
5. **Sense of Alienation Among the People of
the Northeast**
6. **Dereliction of Duty in the Story and the
Character of General**
7. **Conclusion**
8. **References**

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### 1. Introduction

"The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck is a powerful

short story set in Japan during World War II. It
explores the moral and ethical dilemmas faced
by individuals during times of conflict. The
story's protagonist, Dr. Sadao Hoki, a Japanese
surgeon, grapples with the decision to save an
American prisoner of war, highlighting themes of
humanity, nationality, and racial prejudice.

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### 2. Relevance of the Chapter 'The Enemy' in

Modern Context

"The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck continues to hold

significant relevance in today's world. The story,
set during World War II, addresses themes of
humanity, prejudice, and moral conflict that are
universal and timeless. In the modern context,
these themes resonate strongly with
contemporary issues such as global conflicts, the
refugee crisis, and the pervasive presence of
racism and xenophobia.

Firstly, the story's portrayal of Dr. Sadao Hoki's

moral dilemma when he finds an injured
American soldier on Japanese soil during
wartime can be paralleled with current global
conflicts. Just as Dr. Hoki is torn between his
duty to his country and his duty as a doctor,
many individuals today face similar conflicts
when dealing with issues such as providing aid
to refugees or supporting humanitarian efforts in
war-torn regions. The story underscores the
importance of compassion and empathy, even
towards those perceived as enemies.

In today's politically charged climate, where

nationalism often trumps global humanitarian
concerns, "The Enemy" serves as a reminder of
the need to prioritize our shared humanity over
nationalistic ideologies. The rise of nationalist
movements around the world has led to
increased hostility towards immigrants and
refugees. Buck's narrative challenges readers to
consider the moral imperative of helping those in
need, regardless of their nationality or political
affiliations.

Moreover, the story's depiction of racial

discrimination and prejudice is particularly
pertinent in the current era. The animosity and
suspicion directed towards the American soldier
by Japanese characters in the story mirror the
racial and ethnic tensions seen today. Incidents
of racial discrimination and hate crimes have
surged globally, highlighting the ongoing struggle
against racism. "The Enemy" encourages readers
to reflect on their own biases and the
importance of overcoming prejudice through acts
of kindness and understanding.
The themes of "The Enemy" also find relevance
in discussions about medical ethics and the
responsibilities of healthcare professionals. Dr.
Hoki's commitment to his Hippocratic Oath,
despite the personal and political risks, is a
powerful testament to the ethical obligations of
doctors. In contemporary times, healthcare
workers often face moral dilemmas, such as
providing care in conflict zones or dealing with
the politicization of public health issues. Buck's
story reinforces the idea that the duty to save
lives transcends political boundaries.

Furthermore, the story's exploration of alienation

and the experience of being an outsider is
relevant to the experiences of marginalized
communities today. The American soldier's sense
of isolation in a foreign land can be likened to
the feelings of alienation experienced by
immigrants and minority groups. This theme
highlights the need for inclusivity and acceptance
in an increasingly globalized world.

In conclusion, "The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck

remains a poignant and relevant narrative that
addresses issues of humanity, prejudice, and
moral conflict. Its themes resonate with
contemporary global challenges, encouraging
readers to prioritize compassion and empathy
over nationalism and prejudice. The story serves
as a powerful reminder of the enduring
importance of our shared humanity in the face
of political and racial divisions.

---

### 3. The Theme of Conflict Between the Call

of Humanity and Nationality and Duty as a
Citizen

One of the central themes in "The Enemy" by

Pearl S. Buck is the conflict between the call of
humanity and the duty of nationality. This theme
is embodied in the character of Dr. Sadao Hoki,
who faces a profound moral dilemma when he
discovers an injured American soldier washed
ashore near his home during World War II. The
story masterfully explores how Dr. Hoki
navigates this conflict, highlighting the complex
interplay between personal ethics and national
loyalty.

Dr. Sadao Hoki, a skilled Japanese surgeon, is

immediately confronted with a life-or-death
decision when he finds the wounded American
soldier. His training and ethical commitment as a
doctor compel him to save the man's life, despite
the fact that the soldier is an enemy of his
country. This internal conflict is exacerbated by
the wartime context, where nationalistic fervor
and loyalty to one's country are paramount.

The story delves deeply into Dr. Hoki's internal

struggle. On one hand, he is acutely aware of
his duty as a citizen of Japan, which is at war
with America. His initial instinct is to turn the
soldier over to the authorities, as harboring an
enemy could be considered treasonous and
endanger his own safety and that of his family.
This sense of duty to his nation is reinforced by
the societal expectations and pressures of living
in a militarized, nationalist state.

On the other hand, Dr. Hoki is driven by his

professional oath as a doctor to save lives,
regardless of the patient's nationality or political
affiliation. His decision to treat the soldier
highlights the universal principles of medical
ethics and the sanctity of human life. This act of
compassion transcends the boundaries of
nationality and demonstrates a profound sense of
humanity.

Buck's narrative underscores the idea that acts of

humanity often require great personal sacrifice
and courage. Dr. Hoki's choice to help the
enemy soldier puts him at great risk. He must
navigate the suspicions of his servants, who are
fearful and hostile towards the American.
Moreover, he has to keep his actions secret from
the authorities, knowing that discovery could
lead to severe consequences.

The theme of conflicting loyalties is further

explored through the reactions of other
characters in the story. Dr. Hoki's wife, Hana,
supports her husband's decision but is also
fearful of the potential repercussions. The
servants' reactions, filled with prejudice and fear,
contrast sharply with Dr. Hoki's ethical stance,
highlighting the pervasive influence of nationalist
propaganda and the dehumanization of the
enemy.

This theme of conflict between humanity and

nationality is not only relevant to the context of
World War II but also resonates with
contemporary issues. In modern times,
individuals and professionals often face similar
ethical dilemmas, where the call of humanity
may conflict with national policies or societal
expectations. Healthcare workers, for example,
may have to make difficult decisions when
treating patients from marginalized or enemy
groups, especially in conflict zones or under
oppressive regimes.
Moreover, the story prompts readers to reflect on
their own values and the moral choices they
would make in similar situations. It challenges
the notion of blind nationalism and emphasizes
the importance of upholding universal ethical
principles, even in the face of personal risk and
societal pressure.

In conclusion, "The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck

powerfully illustrates the conflict between the
call of humanity and the duty of nationality
through the character of Dr. Sadao Hoki. The
story highlights the complexities and ethical
dilemmas faced by individuals during times of
war and underscores the enduring importance of
compassion and ethical integrity. Buck's narrative
serves as a timeless reminder of the moral
courage required to prioritize humanity over
nationalistic fervor.

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### 4. Element of Racial Discrimination in the

Story

Racial discrimination is a significant element in

Pearl S. Buck's "The Enemy," reflecting the
prejudices and xenophobic attitudes of wartime
Japan. The American soldier, as an enemy
combatant, is initially seen through the lens of
racial and national bias. Dr. Sadao Hoki and his
wife, Hana, experience an internal struggle, torn
between their humanitarian instincts and the
ingrained prejudices of their society.

The household servants display overt racial

discrimination, refusing to assist in the care of
the American soldier and expressing a desire to
see him gone. Their hostility is a microcosm of
the broader societal attitudes, influenced by
wartime propaganda that dehumanizes the
enemy. This animosity underscores the pervasive
nature of racial prejudice during times of
conflict.

Dr. Hoki's perspective begins to shift as he tends

to the soldier, highlighting the potential for
personal interaction to overcome racial biases.
Despite the initial mistrust and fear, Dr. Hoki's
actions demonstrate a growing empathy and
recognition of shared humanity. This
transformation underscores the story's message
about the possibility of transcending racial and
national divides through compassion and
understanding.
In the modern context, "The Enemy" serves as a
reminder of the insidious nature of racial
discrimination and the importance of challenging
such attitudes. The story encourages readers to
reflect on their own biases and the impact of
prejudice on marginalized communities,
emphasizing the need for empathy and
inclusivity in overcoming racial and ethnic
divisions.

---

### 5. Sense of Alienation Among the People of

the Northeast

In "The Enemy," the American soldier's

experience of alienation can be paralleled with
the feelings of marginalization among people
from the Northeast of India. The soldier, an
outsider in a hostile environment, faces isolation
and mistrust, mirroring the experiences of
marginalized communities. This sense of
alienation is both physical, due to being in a
foreign land, and emotional, due to the
surrounding hostility.

The initial reaction of Dr. Sadao Hoki and his

wife, Hana, to the soldier reflects the broader
societal attitudes towards those who are
different. The servants' outright hostility and
refusal to help the soldier further emphasize the
theme of alienation. Their fear and prejudice
towards the American highlight the challenges
faced by those perceived as outsiders.

People from the Northeast of India often

experience similar feelings of alienation within
their own country, facing discrimination and
exclusion in various aspects of life. This
marginalization is rooted in physical differences,
cultural practices, and historical contexts that set
them apart from the majority population. The
sense of being othered leads to isolation and
alienation, much like the American soldier's
experience in the story.

Buck's narrative calls for empathy and acceptance

to overcome the sense of alienation. Just as Dr.
Hoki eventually recognizes the humanity in the
American soldier, there is a need for greater
understanding and integration of marginalized
communities. By breaking down stereotypes and
fostering inclusivity, society can move towards
greater unity and acceptance.

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### 6. Dereliction of Duty in the Story and the
Character of General

The theme of dereliction of duty is vividly

portrayed in "The Enemy" through the character
of the General, a high-ranking Japanese official.
The General's self-serving attitude and moral
corruption stand in stark contrast to the ethical
struggles faced by Dr. Sadao Hoki. The General
prioritizes his own health and position over his
duties as a leader, reflecting a profound lack of
ethical responsibility.

The General's willingness to overlook the

presence of the American soldier as long as Dr.
Hoki remains available to treat him underscores
his moral bankruptcy. He casually suggests that
Dr. Hoki can kill the soldier if necessary,
showing a complete disregard for human life.
This callousness highlights the dehumanizing
effects of power and war, where those in
authority often become desensitized to the value
of life and morality.

In contrast, Dr. Hoki's ethical dilemma and

decision to save the soldier despite the risks to
himself and his family illustrate a profound sense
of duty and integrity. Dr. Hoki's commitment to
his Hippocratic Oath and his internal struggle
highlight the moral courage required to uphold
one's principles in the face of personal risk and
institutional corruption.

Buck's critique of dereliction of duty serves as a

powerful reminder of the importance of moral
integrity and the dangers of abandoning one's
duty for personal gain. The story underscores the
need for ethical responsibility and moral
courage, even in the face of societal pressure
and personal risk, emphasizing the enduring
value of compassion and ethical integrity.

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7. Conclusion
"The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck is a timeless
narrative that delves into complex themes of
humanity, duty, and racial discrimination. The
story's relevance in modern times is undeniable,
as it challenges readers to reflect on their own
moral choices in the face of societal and national
pressures. Through the characters of Dr. Sadao
Hoki and the General, Buck explores the
profound conflicts and ethical questions that
arise during wartime, making the story a
poignant commentary on the human condition.

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### 8. References

- Buck, Pearl S. "The Enemy." (Include the

publication details)
- Articles and journals discussing the themes and
relevance of "The Enemy"
- Historical context of Japan during World War
II
- Studies on racial discrimination and its impacts
- Analysis of marginalized communities and their
experiences of alienation

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