Momentum II 1. In 1987, Marisa Canofoglia, of Italy, roller-skated at a record-setting speed of 40.3 km /h.

If the magnitude of Canofoglias momentum was 660 kg m/s, what was her mass?

2. In 1976, a 53 kg helicopter was built in Denmark. Suppose this helicopter flew east
with a speed of 60.0 m/s and the total momentum of the helicopter and pilot was 7200 kg m/s to the east. What was the mass of the pilot?

3. One of the smallest planes ever flown was the Bumble Bee II, which had a mass of

180 kg. If the pilots mass was 70 kg, what was the velocity of both plane and pilot if their momentum was 2.08x104 kg m/s to the west?

4. The first human-made satellite, Sputnik I, had a mass of 83.6 kg and a momentum
with a magnitude of 6.63x105 kg m/s. What was the satellites speed?

5. Among the largest passenger ships currently in use, the Norway has been in service
the longest. The Norway is more than 300 m long, has a mass of 6.9x107 kg, and can reach a top cruising speed of 33 km/h. Calculate the magnitude of the ships momentum.

6. In 1994, a tower 22.13 m tall was built of Lego blocks. Suppose a block with a mass of 2.00 g is dropped from the top of this tower. Neglecting air resistance, calculate the blocks momentum at the instant the block hits the ground.

Impulse Momentum Theorem

7. In 1991, a Swedish company, Kalmar LMV, constructed a forklift truck capable of

raising 9.0x104 kg to a height of about 2 m. Suppose a mass this size is lifted with an upward velocity of .12 m/s. The mass is initially at rest and reaches its upward speed because of a net force of 6000 N exerted upward. For how long is this force applied?

8. A bronze statue of Buddha was completed in Tokyo in 1993. The statue is 35 m tall
and has a mass of 1.00x106 kg. Suppose this statue were to be moved to a different location. What is the magnitude of the impulse that must act on the statue in order for the speed to increase from 0 m/s to 0.20 m/s? If the magnitude of the net force acting on the statue is 1.25x104 N, how long will it take for the final speed to be reached?

9. In 1990, Gary Stewart of California mad 177,737 jumps on a pogo stick. Suppose
that the pogo stick reaches a height of .120 m with each jump and that the average net force acting on the pogo stick during the contact with the ground is 330 N upward. What is the time of contact with the ground between the jumps? Assume the total mass of Stewart and the pogo stick is 65 kg. (Hint: The difference between the initial and final velocities is one of direction rather than magnitude.)

10. The specially designed armored car that was built for Leonid Brezhnev when he was
head of the Soviet Union had a mass of about 6.0x103 kg. Suppose this car is accelerated from rest by a force of 8,000 N to the east. What is the cars velocity after 8.0 s?

11. In 1992, Dan Bozich of the united States drove a gasoline-powered go-cart at a speed of 35.0 m/s. Suppose Bozich applies the brakes upon reaching this speed. If the combined mass of the go-cart and driver is 200 kg, the decelerating force is 360 N opposite the carts motion, and the time during which the deceleration takes place is 10.0 s. What is the final speed of Bozich and the go-cart?

12. A human cannonball has long been a popular and extremely dangerous circus

stunt. In order for a 45 kg person to leave the cannon with the fastest speed yet achieved by a human cannonball, a 1.6x103 N force must be exerted on that person for 0.68 s. What is the record speed at which a person has been shot from a circus cannon?

13. The largest steam-powered locomotive was built in the United States in 1943. It is still operational and is used for entertainment purposes. The locomotives mass is 4.85x105 kg. Suppose this locomotive is traveling northwest along a straight track at a speed of 20.0 m/s. What force must the locomotive exert to increase its velocity to 25.0 m/s to the northwest in 5.00 s?

14. With upward speeds of 12.5 m/s, the elevators in the Yokohama Landmark Tower in Yokohama, Japan, are among the fastest elevators in the world. Suppose a passenger with a mass of 70.0 kg enters one of these elevators. The elevator then goes up, reaching full speed in 4.00 s. Calculate the net force that is applies to the passenger during the elevators acceleration.

15. Certain earthworms living in South Africa have lengths as great as 6.0 m and masses as great as 12.0 kg. Suppose an eagle picks up an earthworm of this size, only to drop it after both have reached a height of 40.0 m above the ground. By skillfully using its muscles, the earthworm manages to extend the time during which it collides with the ground to 0.250 s. What is the net force that acts on the earthworm during its collision with the ground? Assume the earthworms vertical speed when it is initially dropped to be 0 m/s.

Collisions and Conservation of Momentum

16. The largest single publication in the world is the 1112 volume set of British

Parliamentary Papers for 1968 through 1972. The complete set has a mass of 3.3x103 kg. Suppose the entire publication is placed on a cart that can move without friction. The cart is at rest, and a librarian is sitting on top of it, just having loaded the last volume. The librarian jumps off the cart with a horizontal velocity relative to the floor of 2.5 m/s to the right. The cart begins to roll to the left at a speed of 0.05 m/s. Assume the carts mass is negligible, what is the librarians mass?

17. The largest grand piano in the world is really grand. Built in London, it has a mass of
1.25x103 kg. Suppose a pianist finishes playing this piano and pushes herself from the piano so that she rolls backwards with a speed of 1.4 m/s. Meanwhile, the piano rolls forward so that in 4.0 s it travels 24 cm at constant velocity. Assuming the stool that the pianist is sitting on has a negligible mass, what is the pianists mass?

18. The September 14, 1987 issue of the New York Times had a mass of 5.4 kg.

Suppose a skateboarder picks up a copy of this issue to have a look at the comic pages while rolling backward on the skateboard. Upon realizing that the New York Times doesnt have a funnies section, the skateboarder promptly throws the entire issue in a recycling container. The newspaper is thrown forward with a speed of 7.4 m/s. When the skater throws the newspaper away, he rolls backward at a speed of 1.4 m/s. If the combined mass of the skateboarder and skateboard is assumed to be 50.0 kg, what is the initial velocity of the skateboarder and skateboard?

19. The largest frog ever found was discovered in Cameroon in 1989. The frogs mass was nearly 3.6 kg. Suppose this frog is placed on a skateboard with a mass of 3.0 kg. The frog jumps horizontally off the skateboard to the right, and the skateboard rolls freely in the opposite direction with a speed of 2.0 m/s relative to the ground. If the frog and skateboard are initially at rest, what is the initial horizontal velocity of the frog?

20. Zorba, an English mastiff with a mass of 155 kg, jumps forward horizontally at a speed of 6.0 m/s into a boat that is floating at rest. After the jump, the boat and Zorba move with a velocity of 2.2 m/s forward. Calculate the boats mass.

21. Yvonne van Gennip of the Netherlands ice-skated 10.0 km with an average speed of 10.8 m/s. Suppose van Gennip crosses the finish line at her average speed and takes a huge bouquet of flowers handed to her by a fan. As a result, her speed drops to 10.01 m/s. If van Gennips mass is 63.0 kg, what is the mass of the bouquet?

22. The longest passenger buses in the world operate in Zaire. These buses are more
than 30 m long, have two trailers and have a total mass of 2.8x104 kg. Imagine a safety test involving one of these buses and a truck with a mass of 1.2x104 kg. The truck with an unknown velocity hits a bus that is at rest so that the two vehicles move forward together with a speed of 3.0 m/s. Calculate the trucks velocity prior to the collision.

23. Sumo wrestlers must be very heavy to be successful in their sport, which involves pushing the rival out of the ring. One of the greatest sumo champions, Akebono, had a mass of 227 kg. The heaviest sumo wrestler ever, Konishiki, at one point had a mass of 267 kg. Suppose these two wrestlers are opponents in a match. Akebono moves left with a speed of 4.0 m/s, while Konishiki moves toward Akebono with an unknown speed. After the wrestlers undergo an inelastic collision (they both stick together, yuck!), both have a velocity of zero. From this information, calculate Konishikis velocity before colliding with Akebono.

24. The first astronaut to walk in outer space without being tethered to a spaceship
was Capt. Bruce McCandless. In 1984, he used a jet backpack, which cost about $15 million to design, to move freely about the exterior of the space shuttle Challenger. Imagine two astronauts working in outer space. Suppose they have equal masses and accidentally run into each other. The first astronaut moves 5.0 m/s to the right before the collision and 2.0 m/s to the left afterwards. If the second astronaut moves 5.0 m/s to the right after the perfectly elastic collision, what was the second astronauts initial velocity?

25. Speeds as high as 76 m/s have been recorded for golf balls. Suppose a golf ball whose mass is 45.0 g is moving to the right at 76 m/s and strikes another ball that is at rest. If after the perfectly elastic collision the golf ball moves 25.25 m/s to the left and the other ball moves 50.5 m/s to the right, what is the mass of the second ball?