NTCC Report

ON

Cloud Computing​ with Special Reference to

G​oo
​ g
​ l​ ​e​ Stadia

Subject Code: MSTP100

By
Swagato Pradhan
A90606419057
BBA 3A (2019 - 2022
Amity School of Business, Kolkata

Under the Supervision Of

Prof. Ribhu Ray
]\

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr Swagato Pradhan, student of BBA has

carried out work presented in the project of the Term paper entitled
“​Cloud Computing with Special Reference to ​Go
​ ​og
​ ​l​e Stadia​” as a
part of second year program of Bachelor of Business Administration
from Amity University, Kolkata under my supervision.

______________
Mr Ribhu Ray
Department of Management
Amity School of Business, Kolkata

1
]\

DECLARATION

I, Swagato Pradhan, student of BBA, hereby declare that the project

titled “​Cloud Computing with Special Reference to ​G​oo
​ g
​ ​l​e Stadia​”
which is submitted by me to the Department of Management, Amity
School of Business, Kolkata in partial fulfilment of requirement for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration, has
not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree,
diploma or other similar title or recognition.

The Author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of
any copyrighted material appearing in the Dissertation / Project
report other than brief excerpts requiring only proper
acknowledgement in scholarly writing and all such use is
acknowledged.

____________________
Swagato Pradhan
A90606419057
BBA_3A (2019 - 2022)
Date: 20th November 2020

2
]\

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies that the successful completion of

any task would be incomplete without the mention of people whose
ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance
and encouragement crown all efforts with success. I would like to
thank Prof Debargha Bagchi, Head of Department, and Amity
University for giving me the opportunity to undertake this project. I
would like to thank my faculty guide Mr Ribhu Ray who is the
biggest driving force behind my successful completion of the
project. He has been always there to solve any query of mine and
also guided me in the right direction regarding the project. Without
his help and inspiration, I would not have been able to complete the
project. Also, I would like to thank my batch mates who guided me,
helped me and gave ideas and motivation at each step.

____________________
Swagato Pradhan
A90606419057
BBA_3A (2019 - 2022)
Date: 20th November 2020

3
]\

INDEX

Title Page No.

1. Cloud Computing 5

2. Evolution of Cloud Computing 6

3. Benefits of Cloud Computing 11

4. Types of Cloud Computing 14

5. Infrastructure as a Service 16

6. Platform as a Service 19

7. Software as a Service 22

8. Serverless Computing 25

9. Uses of Cloud Computing 27

10. Issues of Cloud Computing 30

11. Google 32

12. Google Stadia 34

13. Competition 38

14. Research Methodology & Limitations 39

15. Conclusion 40

16. Bibliography 41

4
]\

Cloud Computing ​is the delivery of IT and computing resources like

data, storage, server, database, remote access, streaming, etc over
the internet to enhance efficiency, increase productivity, offer
innovation, reduce costs and lots of other features.

Traditionally, all the information is stored on the PC’s local disk drive.
In case of cloud computing, the information is stored on one or more
physical servers or virtual servers that are hosted by a third-party
service provider.

The cloud lets customers gain new capabilities without investing in

new hardware or software. The user needs to set up an account and
buy a subscription of the cloud storage software and he can add
multiple.

5
]\

Evoltuion of Cloud Computing:

1. Distributed Systems:

It is a composition of many independent systems and all of

them are shown as a single entity to the users. The purpose of

distributed systems is to share resources and also use them

efficiently and effectively. Distributed systems have

characteristics like scalability, concurrency, continuous

availability, heterogeneity, and independence in failures. But

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]\

the main problem with this system was that all the systems

were had to be in the same geographical location. In order to

solve this problem, distributed computing led to three more

types of computing and they were: Mainframe computing,

cluster computing, and grid computing.

2. Mainframe computing:

Mainframes computers first came into existence in 1951, they

are highly powerful and reliable computing machines. These

are liable for handling large data like massive input-output

operations. Even today these are used for bulk processing tasks

like online transactions etc. These systems have high fault

tolerance and have almost no downtime. After distributed

computing, these increased the processing capabilities of the

system. But these were very expensive. To reduce this cost,

cluster computing came as an alternate to mainframe

technology.

3. Cluster computing:

In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternate to mainframe

computing. Each machine in the cluster was connected to

each other by a network with high bandwidth. These were way

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]\

cheaper than those mainframe systems. These were equally

capable of high computations. Also, new nodes could easily be

added to the cluster if it was required. Thus, the problem of the

cost was solved to some extent but the problem related to

geographical restrictions still pertained. To solve this, the

concept of grid computing was introduced.

4. Grid computing:

In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It

means that different systems were placed at entirely different

geographical locations and these all were connected via the

internet. These systems belonged to different organizations

and thus the grid consisted of heterogeneous nodes. Although

it solved some problems but new problems emerged because

the distance between the nodes increased. The main problem

which was encountered was the low availability of high

bandwidth connectivity and with it other network associated

issues. Thus. cloud computing is usually mentioned as

“Successor of grid computing”.

8
]\

5. Virtualization:

It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the method

of making a virtual layer over the hardware which allows the

user to run multiple instances simultaneously on the hardware.

It is a key technology used in cloud computing. It is the base on

which major cloud computing services such as Amazon EC2,

VMware vCloud, etc work on. Hardware virtualization remains

one among the foremost common sorts of virtualization.

6. Web 2.0:

It is the interface through which the cloud computing services

interact with the clients. It is due to Web 2.0 that we've

interactive and dynamic sites. It also increases flexibility among

web pages. Popular samples of web 2.0 include Google Maps,

Facebook, Twitter, etc. Needless to say, social media is possible

because of this technology only. It gained major popularity in

2004.

7. Service orientation:

It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports

low-cost, flexible, and evolvable applications. Two important

concepts were introduced in this computing model. These

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]\

were Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes the SLA

(Service Level Agreement) and Software as a Service (SaaS).

8. Utility computing:

It is a computing model that defines service provisioning

techniques for services like compute services alongside other

major services like storage, infrastructure, etc which are

provisioned on a pay-per-use basis.

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]\

Benefits of Cloud Computing:

1. Cost: Cloud computing helps get rid of the capital expenditure

spent on buying hardware and software and setting them up

and running on-site datacenters—the server racks, the

round-the-clock electricity for power and cooling the servers,

the IT experts that are needed for managing the infrastructure.

All these in the long run allow for greater cost savings. ​Go
​ ​og
​ ​le
​

has set up a lot of data centers all over the world. People need

to only pay a subscription fee to play on ​Go

​ ​og
​ l​ ​e​ Stadia

2. Speed: Most cloud computing services are provided self service

and on demand, so even vast amounts of computing resources

can be arranged in minutes, typically with just a few mouse

clicks, giving businesses a lot more flexibility and taking the

pressure off capacity planning. With proper connection, ​G​oo

​ g
​ ​le
​

Stadia games can be quickly launched and loaded very quickly.

3. Global-scale: the advantages of cloud computing services

include the power to scale elastically. In cloud speak, meaning

delivering the proper amount of IT resources—for example,

more or less computing power, storage, bandwidth—right

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]\

when it's needed and from the proper geographic location.

Google Stadia servers are placed strategically in order that

everyone can use it consistent with their connection.

4. Productivity: On-site datacenters typically require tons of

“racking and stacking”—hardware setup, software patching,

and other time-consuming IT management chores. Cloud

computing removes the necessity for several of those tasks, so

IT teams can spend time on achieving more important

business goals.

5. Performance: The biggest cloud computing services run on a

worldwide network of secure datacenters, which are regularly

upgraded to the newest generation of fast and efficient

computing hardware. This offers several benefits over one

corporate datacenter, including reduced network latency for

applications and greater economies of scale.

6. Reliability: Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster

recovery, and business continuity easier and less expensive

because data can be mirrored at multiple redundant sites on

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]\

the cloud provider’s network. All game data and saved files of

G​oo
​ ​g​le
​ ​ Stadia games are stored on their server.

7. Security: Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies,

technologies, and controls, that strengthen your security

posture overall, helping protect your data, apps and

infrastructure from potential threats.

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]\

Types of Cloud Computing:

1. Public cloud: Public clouds are owned and operated by a

third-party cloud service providers, which deliver their

computing resources like servers and storage over the web.

With a public cloud, all hardware, software, and other

supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud

provider. You access these services and manage your account

by using a browser.

2. Private cloud: A private cloud refers to cloud computing

resources used exclusively by one business or organisation. A

private cloud can be physically located on the company’s

on-site datacenter. Some companies also pay third-party

service providers to host their private cloud. a private cloud is

one within which the services and infrastructure are

maintained on a private network.

3. Hybrid cloud: Hybrid clouds is a combination of public and

private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data

and applications to be shared between them. By allowing data

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and applications to move between private and public clouds, a

hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more

deployment options and helps optimise your existing

infrastructure, security and compliance.

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]\

Infrastructure as a Service:

IaaS is a moment computing infrastructure, provisioned and

managed over the web. It’s one among the four sorts of cloud

services, alongside software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service

(PaaS), and serverless.

IaaS quickly scales up and down with demand, letting you pay just

for what you use. It helps you avoid the expense and complexity of

shopping for and managing your own physical servers and other

datacenter infrastructure. Each resource is obtainable as a separate

service component, and you simply got to rent a specific one for as

long as you would like it.

Advantages of IaaS:

1. Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost. IaaS

sidesteps the upfront expense of setup and managing an

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on-site datacenter, making it a cheap option for start-ups and

businesses testing new ideas.

2. Improves business continuity and disaster recovery. Achieving

high availability, business continuity and disaster recovery is

pricey, since it requires a big amount of technology and staff.

But with the proper service level agreement (SLA) in situ, IaaS

can reduce this cost and access applications and data as usual

during a disaster or outage.

3. Innovate rapidly. As soon as you've decided to launch a new

product or initiative, the required computing infrastructure

could be ready in minutes or hours, rather than the days or

weeks—and sometimes months—it could take to set up

internally.

4. Respond quicker to shifting business conditions. IaaS enables

you to quickly scale up resources to accommodate spikes in

demand for your application— during holiday season, for

example—then scale resources backtrack again when activity

decreases to save money.

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]\

5. Focus on your core business. IaaS frees up your team to

specialise in your organisation’s core business instead of IT

infrastructure.

6. Increase stability, reliability and supportability. With IaaS there's

no got to maintain and upgrade software and hardware or

troubleshoot equipment problems. With the acceptable

agreement in situ, the service provider assures that your

infrastructure is reliable and meets SLAs.

7. Better security. With the suitable service agreement, a cloud

service provider can provide security for your applications and

data which will be better than what you'll attain in-house.

8. Gets new apps to users faster. Because you don’t need to first

set up the infrastructure before you can develop and deliver

apps, you can get them to users faster with IaaS.

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]\

Platform as a Service:

PaaS is a complete development and deployment environment in

the cloud, with resources that enable you to deliver everything from

simple cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise

applications. You purchase the resources you need from a cloud

service provider on a pay-as-you-go basis and access them over a

secure Internet connection.

PaaS does everything IaaS does, along with building, testing,

deploying, managing and updating. PaaS allows you to avoid the

expense and complexity of buying and managing software licenses,

the underlying application infrastructure and other resources.

Advantages of PaaS:

1. Cut coding time. PaaS development tools can cut the time it

takes to code new apps with pre-coded application

components built into the platform, such as workflow, directory

services, security features, search and so on.

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]\

2. Add development capabilities without adding staff. Platform as

a Service components can give your development team new

capabilities without your needing to add staff having the

required skills.

3. Develop for multiple platforms—including mobile—more easily.

Some service providers give you development options for

multiple platforms, such as computers, mobile devices and

browsers making cross-platform apps quicker and easier to

develop.

4. Use sophisticated tools affordably. A pay-as-you-go model

makes it possible for individuals or organisations to use

sophisticated development software and business intelligence

and analytics tools that they could not afford to purchase

outright.

5. Support geographically distributed development teams.

Because the development environment is accessed over the

Internet, development teams can work together on projects

even when team members are in remote locations.

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6. Efficiently manage the application lifecycle. PaaS provides all of

the capabilities that you need to support the complete web

application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing

and updating within the same integrated environment.

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]\

Software as a Service:

SaaS allows users to connect to and use cloud-based apps over the

Internet. Common examples are email, calendaring and office tools.

SaaS provides a complete software solution which you purchase on a

pay-as-you-go basis from a cloud service provider. You rent the use

of an app for your organisation and your users connect to it over the

Internet, usually with a web browser. All of the underlying

infrastructure, middleware, app software and app data are located in

the service provider’s data center. The service provider manages the

hardware and software and with the appropriate service agreement,

will ensure the availability and the security of the app and your data

as well. SaaS allows your organisation to get quickly up and running

with an app at minimal upfront cost.

Advantages of SaaS:

1. Gain access to sophisticated applications. To provide SaaS apps

to users, you don’t need to purchase, install, update or maintain

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any hardware, middleware or software. SaaS makes even

sophisticated enterprise applications, such as ERP and CRM,

affordable for organisations that lack the resources to buy,

deploy and manage the required infrastructure and software

themselves.

2. Pay only for what you use. You also save money because the

SaaS service automatically scales up and down according to

the level of usage.

3. Use free client software. Users can run most SaaS apps directly

from their web browser without needing to download and

install any software, although some apps require plugins. This

means that you don’t need to purchase and install special

software for your users.

4. Mobilise your workforce easily. SaaS makes it easy to “mobilise”

your workforce because users can access SaaS apps and data

from any Internet-connected computer or mobile device. You

don’t need to worry about developing apps to run on different

types of computers and devices because the service provider

has already done so. In addition, you don’t need to bring special

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expertise onboard to manage the security issues inherent in

mobile computing. A carefully chosen service provider will

ensure the security of your data, regardless of the type of

device consuming it.

5. Access app data from anywhere. With data stored in the cloud,

users can access their information from any

Internet-connected computer or mobile device. And when app

data is stored in the cloud, no data is lost if a user’s computer or

device fails.

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Serverless Computing:

It enables developers to build applications faster by eliminating the

need for them to manage infrastructure. With serverless

applications, the cloud service provider automatically provisions,

scales and manages the infrastructure required to run the code.

The servers are still running the code. The serverless name comes

from the fact that the tasks associated with infrastructure

provisioning and management are invisible to the developer. This

approach enables developers to increase their focus on the business

logic and deliver more value to the core of the business. Serverless

computing helps teams increase their productivity and bring

products to market faster and it allows organisations to better

optimise resources and stay focused on innovation.

Advantages of Serverless Computing:

1. No infrastructure management: Using fully managed services

enables developers to avoid administrative tasks and focus on

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core business logic. With a serverless platform, you simply

deploy your code and it runs with high availability.

2. Dynamic scalability: With serverless computing, the

infrastructure dynamically scales up and down within seconds

to match the demands of any workload.

3. Faster time to market: Serverless applications reduce the

operations dependencies on each development cycle,

increasing development teams’ agility to deliver more

functionality in less time.

4. More efficient use of resources: Shifting to serverless

technologies helps organisations reduce TCO and reallocate

resources to accelerate the pace of innovation.

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Uses of Cloud Computing:

You are probably using cloud computing right now, even if you don’t

realise it. If you use an online service to send email, edit documents,

watch movies or TV, listen to music, play games or store pictures and

other files, it is likely that cloud computing is making it all possible

behind the scenes. The first cloud computing services are barely a

decade old, but already a variety of organisations—from tiny startups

to global corporations, government agencies to non-profits—are

embracing the technology for all sorts of reasons.

Here are a few examples of what is possible today with cloud services

from a cloud provider:

1. Create cloud-native applications

Quickly build, deploy and scale applications—web, mobile and

API. Take advantage of cloud-native technologies and

approaches, like containers, Kubernetes, microservices

architecture, API-driven communication and DevOps.

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2. Test and build applications

Reduce application development cost and time by using cloud

infrastructures which will easily be scaled up or down.

3. Store, back up and recover data

Protect your data more cost-efficiently—and at massive

scale—by transferring your data over the web to an offsite

cloud storage system that's accessible from any location and

any device.

4. Analyse data

Unify your data across teams, divisions and locations within the

cloud. Then use cloud services, like machine learning and AI, to

uncover insights for more informed decisions.

5. Stream audio and video

Connect together with your audience anywhere, anytime, on

any device with high-definition video and audio with global

distribution.

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6. Embed intelligence

Use intelligent models to assist engage customers and supply

valuable insights from the info gathered.

7. Deliver software on demand

Also referred to as software as a service (SaaS), on-demand

software allows you to offer the newest software versions and

updates around to customers—anytime they need, anywhere

they are.

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Issues of Cloud Computing:

1. Privacy:

The user data is often accessed by the host company with or

without permission of the user. At any point in time, the service

provider may access the data that is on the cloud. They might

accidentally or deliberately alter or even delete information

from the databse.

2. Compliance:

There are many regulations in places related data and hosting.

To comply with regulations (Federal Information Security

Management Act, insurance Portability and Accountability Act,

etc.) user may need to adopt deployment modes that are

expensive.

3. Security:

Cloud-based services involve third-party for storage and

security. Can one assume that a cloud-based company will

protect and secure one’s data if one is using their services at a

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really low or for free? they'll share user’s information with

others. Security presents a true threat to cloud.

4. Sustainability:

This issue refers to minimizing the effect of cloud computing

on environment. Citing the server’s effects on the

environmental effects of cloud computing, in areas where

climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is

quickly available, the countries with favorable conditions, like

Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland are trying to draw in cloud

computing data centers. But aside from nature’s favors, would

these countries have enough technical infrastructure to sustain

the high-end clouds?

5. Abuse:

While providing cloud services, it should be ascertained that

the client isn't purchasing the services of cloud computing for

nefarious purpose. In 2009, a banking Trojan illegally used

Amazon service as a command and control channel that issued

software updates and malicious instruction to PCs that were

infected by the malware.

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Mission:

Our mission is to ​organise​ the world’s i​ nformation​ and make it

universally accessible​ and ​useful​.

G​o​og
​ ​l​e started out in 1995 as a research project by ​Larry Page and

Sergey Brin in a garage. ​Go

​ o
​ ​gl​ ​e LLC was finally founded in the year

1998. ​G​o​o​gl​ ​e is the leading search engine used by everyone all over

the world. It takes the input from the user and shows the desired

information the user wants. But that is not all ​G​oo

​ g
​ ​le
​ has to offer.

They provide a large array of products and services. Services like

G​o​og
​ ​l​e Maps for navigation, ​Go
​ o
​ ​gl​ ​e Photos for storing unlimited

number of photos in the cloud, GMail for e-mail, etc. They also

provide hardware like ​Go

​ o
​ ​gl​ ​e Pixel phone series, Chromecast,

Chromebook, etc. ​Go

​ ​og
​ ​le
​ Fiber is the internet service provided by

them which offers speeds of upto 1 Gigabits per second. G Suite for

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]\

managing businesses. ​G​oo

​ g
​ ​le
​ AdSense for generating revenue from

advertisements. ​Go
​ ​og
​ ​le
​ ​’s revenue comes mostly from

advertisements. ​Go
​ ​og
​ ​le
​ Stadia is their newest and most promising

software and hardware combination which is oriented towards

gamers.

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]\

G​o​og
​ ​l​e Stadia in simple terms is a way to play video games

anywhere and anytime over the internet without having to install

them on your system. It is a cloud based gaming software which

requires a consistent internet connection. The game files are stored

in multiple servers in various locations. Stadia launched on 19th

November 2019 in selected countries and more will be later added as

the technology further matures.

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The minimum bandwidth required to run at 720p is 10 Mbits/s and to

run it at 4K it would require 35 Mbits/s.

In order to support so many users and highly demanding games, the

servers need to be very powerful, and they are.

The servers use the following configuration:

● Stadia servers use a Custom 2.7 GHz Hyperthreaded x86 CPU

with AVX2 SIMD and 9.5 MB L2+L3 cache processor which has a

very fast processing speeds.

● A Custom AMD GPU with HBM2 memory and 56 compute

units capable of 10.7 teraflops to smoothly run the games at 4K

60 FPS.

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● A 16 GB of RAM with up to 484 GB/s of performance and comes

with SSD cloud storage.

● It uses Linux Debian version of the world’s most popular

open-source OS.

● And lastly the Vulkan API with custom layers optimized for

cloud-native gaming.

All the servers have been running the same configuration since

launch and will see component upgrades over time as games

become more demanding in terms of performance.

Chromecast and Controller for using Stadia

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]\

The user needs to have certain things in order to use the service.

1. An internet connection with at least 10 Mbits/s.

2. A display device like a smartphone, a desktop, laptop or a

television with a ‘Chromecast’

3. A Stadia controller or any gamepad for input.

4. A subscription to Stadia.

For smartphone, all you have to do is download the app and plug in a

controller and you are set to play.

For a desktop or laptop: Connect a controller to your system. Go to

stadia.google.com and log in. And then you can launch your desired

game.

For television with Chromecast: The stadia controller is required. Log

in to Stadia using the built in app. Connect the controller to the

chromecast. And then any game can be launched.

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]\

Competition:

Stadia isn’t the only cloud based gaming service, it has some strong

competitors. They are NVIDIA GeForce Now, Sony PlayStation Now,

Microsoft Xbox Cloud Gaming.

PlayStation Now has been in service for a very long time but it offers

only the old games. GeForce Now is also fairly new but has a much

larger game library as compared to Stadia. Xbox Cloud Gaming is an

upcoming service which will give all users access to all the games

included in the Xbox Game Pass. Xbox has high potential once it

launches.

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]\

Research Methodology and Limitations:

I could not perform any sort of research methodology because of

lack of data.

But from the limited data I can derive that Stadia, although new, had

a good initial start.

PlayStation Now has been here for a very long time hence they have

a much larger market share.

GeForce Now offers a much larger library hence their market share is

also relatively high.

Xbox Cloud Gaming might conquer the market once it launches. It is

going to have the largest library among all the services.

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]\

Conclusion:

Cloud Computing is basically accessing data from anywhere and

anytime. It has greatly enhanced efficiency of an individual and large

corporations. It has greatly evolved over the generations.

Different kind of services have been introduced to suit people’s

needs.

It has its benefits like speed, low cost, efficiency boost, it also has

drawbacks like privacy risks, security risks etc.

G​o​og
​ ​l​e Stadia has successfully implemented all aspects of cloud

computing. Playing a game running on another system while you

are at home is an exceptional feat and it will be interesting to see

what lies ahead as the technology continues to grow.

Stadia has a tough competition with GeForce Now and Xbox Cloud

Gaming. Xbox will likely dominate the market in the near future. I

couldn’t do any estimate or any sort of test because of lack of data in

this field.

Stadia as of now is unavailable in India and it will likely be added in

the next few years.

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]\

Bibliography:

1. azure.microsoft.com/en-in/

2. www.investopedia.com

3. stadia.google.com

4. www.youtube.com

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