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Class 11 - Physics
Sample Paper - 07 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections are
compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case
study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The power (or exponent) to which the base quantities are raised to represent that quantity is called
a) measurement.
b) combination.
c) dimension.
d) conversion.
2. The vertical extension in a light spring by a weight of 1 kg suspended from the wire is 9.8 cm. The period of oscillation is:
a) 2π

10
sec​​
b) 2π

7
sec​​
c) sec
2π

d) 2π

9
sec​
3. A child swinging on a swing in a sitting position stands up. Then, the time period of the swing will:
a) Decrease
b) Increase if the child is tall and decreases if the child is short
c) Remains the same
d) Increase
4. The S.I. unit of stress is:
a) Newton
b) Joule
c) Watt
d) Pascal
5. The satellite of mass m is orbiting around the earth in a circular orbit with a velocity v. What will be its total energy?
a) mv2
b) −( 1

2
)mv
2

c) ( 1

2
)mv
2

d) ( 3

4
)mv
2

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6. A 5.5 metre length of string has a mass of 0.035 kg. If the tension in the string in 77 N, the speed of a wave on the string is
a) 77 ms-1
b) 110 ms-1
c) 165 ms-1
d) 102 ms-1
7. If the force and displacement of particle in the direction of force are doubled, then work done would be
a) times
1

b) 4 times
c) double
d) half
8. The potential energy of a particle doing SHM is 2.5 J when the displacement is half of the amplitude. Then the total energy
is
a) 5J
b) 20J
c) 15J
d) 10J
9. A bolt of mass 0.3 kg falls from the ceiling of an elevator moving down with a uniform speed of 7 m/s. It hits the floor of
the elevator (length of the elevator = 3 m) and does not rebound. What is the heat produced by the impact?
a) 9.22 J
b) 8.42 J
c) 8.82 J
d) 8.11 J
10. If the gravitational force between two objects were proportional to ( and not as
1

R
1
), where R is the distance between
2
R

them, then a particle in a circular path (under such a force) would have its orbital speed v, proportional to:
a) R
b) R0 (independent of R)
c) 1

d) 1

2
R

11. A couple produces

a) purely rotational motion
b) purely linear motion
c) linear and rotational motion
d) no motion
12. Heat is associated with
a) kinetic energy of orderly motion of molecules
b) kinetic energy of random motion of molecules
c) total kinetic energy of random and orderly motion of molecules.
d) kinetic energy of random motion in some cases and kinetic energy of orderly motion in other.
13. Assertion (A): The rate of change of the total momentum of a many-particle system is proportional to the sum of the
internal forces of the system.
Reason (R): Internal forces can change the kinetic energy but not the momentum of the system.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

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b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
14. Assertion (A): There are very small sporadic changes in the period of rotation of the earth.
Reason (R): Shifting of large air masses in the earth's atmosphere produces a change in the moment of inertia of the earth
causing its period of rotation to change.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
15. Assertion: Earth is continuously pulling moon towards its centre but moon does not fall to earth.
Reason: Attraction of sun on moon is greater than that of earth on moon.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
16. Assertion (A): It is difficult to move a cycle along the road with its brakes on.
Reason (R): Sliding friction is greater than rolling friction.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
17. A mass of 2 kg is attached to the spring of spring constant 50 Nm-1. The block is pulled to a distance of 5cm from its
equilibrium position at x = 0 on a horizontal frictionless surface from rest at t = 0. Write the expression for its
displacement at anytime t.
18. Distinguish between dimensional and non-dimensional constants.
19. A U-tube of uniform cross-section contains mercury upto a height h in either limb. The mercury in one limb is depressed a
little and then released. Obtain an expression for the time period of oscillation assuming that T depends on h, ρ and g.
20. A ball of mass 1 kg hangs in equilibrium from two strings OA and OB as shown in figure. What are the tensions in strings
OA and OB? Take g = 10 ms-2.

21. The acceleration due to gravity at the moon's surface is 1.67 ms-2. If the radius of the moon is 1.74 x 106 m, then calculate
the mass of the moon.

OR

A mass of 1 g is separated from another mass of 1 g by a distance of 1 cm. How many g-1wt of force exists between them?
Section C
22. Water rises in a capillary tube to a height of 2.0 cm. In another capillary whose radius is one-third of it, how much the
water will rise? If the first capillary is inclined at an angle of 60o with the vertical, then what will be the position of water
in the tube?

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23. In an experiment on the specific heat of a metal, a 0.20 kg block of the metal at 150oC is dropped in a copper calorimeter
(of water equivalent 0.025 kg) containing 150 cm3 of water at 27oC. The final temperature is 40oC. Compute the specific
heat of the metal. If heat losses to the surroundings are not negligible, is your answer greater or smaller than the actual
value for specific heat of the metal?
24. Point masses m1 and m2 are placed at the ends of a rigid rod of length L and negligible mass. The rod is to be set rotating
about an axis perpendicular to its length. Locate a point on the rod through which the axis of rotation should pass in order
that the work required to set the rod rotating with angular velocity ω is minimum.
0

25. At what point of projectile motion (i) potential energy maximum (ii) Kinetic energy maximum (iii) total mechanical
energy is maximum?
26. The turbine pits at the Niagra falls are 50 m deep. The average horsepower developed is 500. If the efficiency of the
generator is 85%, how much water passes through the turbines per minute? Take g = 10 ms-2.
27. A particle has a displacement of 12 m towards east and 5 m towards the north and then 6 m vertically upward. Find the
magnitude of the sum of these displacements.
28. Find the work done in breaking a water drop of radius 1 mm into 1000 drops. Given the surface tension of water is 72 ×
10-3 N/m?

OR

In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in a wind tunnel, the flow speeds on the upper and lower surfaces of the wing
are 70 ms-1 and 63 ms-1 respectively. What is the lift on the wing if its area is 2.5 m2? Take the density of air to be 1.3 kg
m-3.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Bearings are used to convert sliding friction into rolling friction. Metal-upon-metal contact produces large amounts of
friction. The friction adds to wear and tear of the metal, producing grinding that slowly degrades the metal. Bearings
reduce friction by having the two surfaces roll over each other.
They consist of a smooth metal ball or roller that rolls against a smooth inner and outer metal surface. The rollers or balls
take the load, allowing by the device to spin.
The two basic types of rolling element distinguish the two basic types of rolling bearing:
- ball → ball bearing
- roller → roller bearing
Balls make point contact with the ring raceways. With increasing load acting on the bearing, the contact point becomes an
elliptical area. The small contact area provides low rolling friction, which enables ball bearings to accommodate high
speeds but also limits their load-carrying capacity.

Rollers make line contact with the ring raceways. With increasing load acting on the bearing. the contact line becomes
somewhat rectangular in shape. Because of the larger contact area and the consequently higher friction, a roller bearing

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can accommodate heavier loads, but lower speeds, than a same-sized ball bearing.

i. Bearing converts
a) Rolling friction to sliding friction by increasing area of contact
b) Sliding friction to rolling friction by increasing area of contact
c) Sliding friction to rolling friction by decreasing area of contact
d) Rolling friction to sliding friction by reducing area of contact
ii. In ball bearing, contacts are
a) Point contact
b) Line contact
c) Wide contact
d) Narrow contact
iii. In roller contacts are
a) Line contact
b) Wide contact
c) Point contact
d) Narrow contact

OR

Increasing load on roller bearing the contact line

a) Becomes rectangular in shape Either Becomes square in shape or Becomes rectangular in shape
b) Remains a line contact
c) Becomes rectangular in shape
d) Becomes square in shape
iv. With increasing load on ball bearing the contact point
a) Becomes an circular area
b) Becomes an elliptical area
c) Either Becomes an elliptical area or Becomes an circular area
d) Remains a point contact
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A refrigerator works isothermally. A set of changes take place in the mechanism of a refrigerator but the temperature
inside remains constant. Here, the heat energy is removed and transmitted to the surrounding environment.
while An adiabatic process is a process in which the system does not exchange heat with its surroundings.

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i. Specific heat of a gas during an isothermal process is-
a) infinite
b) negative
c) zero
d) positive
ii. During an adiabatic process, the square of the pressure of a gas is proportional to the fifth power of its absolute
temperature. The ratio of specific heat Cp / Cv for that gas is
a) 3/4
b) 5/3
c) 3/5
d) 4/3
iii. Work done in an adiabatic change in a gas solely depends on-
a) change in pressure
b) none of these
c) change in volume
d) change in temperature
iv. Can two isothermals curve intersect each other
a) yes
b) no
c) yes, during critical pressure
d) none of these

OR

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on

a) temperature
b) pressure
c) density
d) specific volume
Section E
31. A particle executes simple harmonic motion of amplitude A.
i. At what distance from the mean position is its kinetic energy equal to its potential energy?
ii. At what points is its speed half the maximum speed?

OR

A body of mass m is attached to one end of a massless string which is suspended vertically from a fixed point. The mass is
held in hand so that the spring is neither stretched nor compressed. Suddenly the support of the hand is removed. The
lowest position attained by the mass during oscillation is 4cm below the point, where it was held in hand.
i. What is the amplitude of oscillation?
ii. Find the frequency of oscillation?
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32. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 kmh-1. Finding the market
closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km/h. What is the
a. magnitude of average velocity, and

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b. the average speed of the man over the interval of time
i. 0 to 30 min,
ii. 0 to 50 min,
iii. 0 to 40 min?

We have carefully distinguished between average speed and magnitude of average velocity. No such distinction is
necessary when we consider instantaneous speed and magnitude of velocity. The instantaneous speed is always equal to
the magnitude of instantaneous velocity. Why?

OR

Figure shows the distance-time graphs of two trains, which start moving simultaneously in the same direction. From the
graphs, find:

i. How much ahead of A is B when the motion starts?

ii. What is the speed of B?
iii. When and where will A catch B?
iv. What is the difference between the speeds of A and B?
33. Two cylindrical hollow drums of radii R and 2R, and of a common height h, are rotating with angular velocities ω (anti-
1

clockwise) and ω (clockwise), respectively. Their axes, fixed are parallel and in a horizontal plane separated by
2

(3R + δ) . They are now brought in contact (δ → 0) .

i. Show the frictional forces just after contact.

ii. Identify forces and torques external to the system just after contact.
iii. What would be the ratio of final angular velocities when friction ceases?

OR

Define radius of gyration and mention two factors on which radius of gyration of a body depends.

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Class 11 - Physics
Sample Paper - 07 (2023-24)

Solution

Section A
1. (c) dimension.
Explanation: The dimension of the units of a derived physical quantity may be defined as the number of times the
fundamental units of mass, length and time appear in the physical quantity.
2. (a) sec​​
2π

10

Explanation: At equilibrium
mg = kx
1×9.8×100
k =
9.8

k = 100N/m2
−−
m
T = 2π√
k
−−−
1
T = 2π√
100

T =
2π

10
second
3. (a) Decrease
Explanation: As the child stand up then Centre of mass is shifted in upwards direction from the sitting position of the
child, thus decreasing the effective length of the swing, so as the time period is proportional to the square root of length,
thus time period decreases.
time period
−
−
l
T = 2π√
g

T ∝ √l

The time period of swing decreases as effective length decreases.

4. (d) Pascal
Explanation: As Stress = F orce

Area

Putting units, we get

Stress = N/m2
= Nm-2 or Pascal
So SI Unit of Stress is Pascal
5. (b) −( 1

2
)mv
2

Explanation: As
mv GMm
=
r r
2

K.E =
1 2 GMm
∴ mv =
2 2r

P.E. =
GMm 2
= −mv
r

Total energy = K.E. + P.E.

= mv − mv = − mv
1

2
2 2 1

2
2

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6. (b) 110 ms-1
Explanation: Here m = kg m-1, T = 77 N
0.035

5.5

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−− −−−−−
= 110 ms-1
T 77×5.5
v = √ = √
m 0.035

7. (b) 4 times
Explanation: ∵ Work = Force x Displacement ...(i)
So, if the force and displacement of particle in the direction of force are doubled, then as per Eq. (i), their product will
make the work done 4 times more than its initial value.
8. (d) 10J
Explanation: Ep = = 2.5J
1 2
ky
2

2
1

2
k(
A

2
) = 2.5
or 1

4
⋅
1

2
kA
2
= 2.5 or 1

4
E = 2.5
∴ E = 4 × 2.5 = 10J
9. (c) 8.82 J
Explanation: The whole of the potential energy of bolt converted into heat energy
heat produced by the impact = mgh = 0.3 × 9.8 × 3 = 8.82J
10. (b) R0 (independent of R)
Explanation: Centripetal force = Gravitational force
[Here R2 → R]
2
mv GMm
=
R R
−−−−
∴ v = √GM

Hence v is independent of R.
11. (a) purely rotational motion
Explanation: A couple produces purely rotational motion.
12. (b) kinetic energy of random motion of molecules
Explanation: We know that vibration of molecules about their mean position increases as the temperature increases or
the body get heated. Hence kinetic energy associated with random motion of molecule increases.
13. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: The total momentum of a many-particle system can change only when some external forces are applied on
the system. So, the rate of change of momentum is proportional to external forces acting on the system. The total
momentum of the whole system remains constant when no external force is acted upon it (according to the law of
conservation of momentum).
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
15. (c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: With brakes on, a cycle can slide and not roll. Both the assertion and reason are true.
Section B
17. Given:
m = 2kg
k = 50 N/m
a = 0.05 m
Angular frequency of the mass is,
−− −−
k 50
ω = √ = √ rad/s = 5rad/s
m 2

The motion starts with zero velocity. So the initial phase is zero. That is,
ϕ = 0

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Then, the position function is,
x(t) = a cos(ωt + ϕ) = 0.05 cos (5t)m
18. The quantities which have dimensions as well as a constant value are called dimensional constants e.g., Planck's
constant, Boltzmann's constant. On the other hand, the quantities which have no dimensions but a constant value are
called non-dimensional constants e.g., π, sin θ , cos θ etc.
19. Let T = Kha ρ b gc
where a, b, c are the dimensions and k is dimensionless constant.
Writing the dimensions in (i) we get
[M0L0T1] = La(ML-3)b(LT−2)c
= MbLa - 3b + c T−2c
Applying the principle of homogeneity of dimensions, we get,
b = 0, a − 3b + c = 0, −2c = 1, c = 1

From a − 3b + c = 0, a − 3 × 0 - 1

2
= 0, a = 1

2
1
Putting these value in (i) we get
T = Kh 1/2 0
ρ g
−1/2

√h
T=K( g
)
√

20. Various forces acting at the point O are as shown in figure.

The three forces are in equilibrium. Using Lami's theorem,
T1 T2 10
∘
= ∘
= ∘
sin 150 sin 120 sin 90
T1 T2
or ∘
= ∘
=
10

1
sin 30 sin 60

∴ T1 = 10 sin 30° = 10 × 0.5 = 5 N

√3 –
and T2 = 10 sin 60° = 10 ×
2
= 5√3 N

2
gR
21. g = or M =
GM

2
R G

This relation is true not only to the earth but for any heavenly body which is assumed to be spherical.
Now, g = 1.67ms , R = 1.74 × 10 m −2 6

−11 −2 −2
G = 6.67 × 10 Nm kg
2
6
1.67×(1.74×10 )
∴ Mass of the moon, M = −11
kg= 7.58 × 10
22
kg
6.67×10

OR
m1 m2
F = G
2
r

= (6.67 × 10
−8
) (
1×1

2
) dyne
1
−8

=
−8 6.67×10
= 6.67 × 10 dyne
980
−11 −1
= 7 × 10 g wt

Section C
22. The Ascent of a liquid in a capillary tube is given by
h= 2σ cos θ

rρg

∴ For a given liquid,

hr = = constant [∵ σ, θ, ρ, g are constants]
2σ cos θ

ρg

or h r = hr
′ ′

For a capillary tube of radius , we have

r

= 6.0 cm
′ hr 2.0 cm×r
h = = r
′
r
3

When the first capillary is inclined at an angle of 60o to the vertical, the vertical height h (= 2.0 cm) of the liquid will

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remain the same. Thus if the length of water in the capillary be l cm, then from Fig., we have
= 4.0 cm
h 2.0 cm
l = ∘
=
cos 60 0.5

23. Given: Mass of metal, m1 = 0.2 kg = 200 g

The temperature of the metal block (T1) = 150oC

The temperature of the calorimeter (T2) = 27oC

The final temperature of the mixture (T) = 40oC

The volume of water in the calorimeter = 150 cm3
Specific heat of water, Sw = 4.186 J/g/oK
Mass of water in calorimeter, m2 = volume × density
= 150 × 1 = 150 g
Water equivalent of calorimeter, w = 0.025 kg = 25 g
Let S is the specific heat of the metal block.
Heat loss by metal, ∆Q1 = m1S(T1 - T)
= 200 × S × (150 - 40)
Now,
Heat gained by calorimeter and water,
∆Q2 = (m2 + w)Sw(T - T2)
= (150 + 25) × 4.186 × (40 - 27) = 175 × 4.186 × 13
According to Calorimeter principle,
∆Q1 = ∆Q2
200 × S × (150 - 40) = 175 × 4.186 × 13
Thus, S = 0.43 J/g/oK
If some heat is lost to the surroundings, then the value of C will be smaller than the actual value.
24. As shown in Fig. let the axis of rotation be at a distance x from mass m1. Then the moment of inertia of the system about
this axis of rotation is
I = m1 x2 + m2(L-x)2

Work done to set the rod rotating with angular velocity ω = Increase in rotational K.E.
0

W = I ω = [m x + m (L − x) ] ω
1 2 1 2 2 2
0 1 2 0
2 2

For W to be minimum
dW
= 0
dx

or 1

2
[2m1 x + 2m2 (L − x)(−1)] ω
2
0
= 0

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or m1 x - m2(L- x) = 0 [∵ ω 0 ≠ 0]

or (m1 + m2) x = m2L

m2 L
or x = m1 +m2

25. (i) Potential Energy will be maximum at the highest point.

(P.E.) highest point = mgH, where H ⇒ maximum height above ground that projectile will attain.
2 2
u sin (θ)
maximum height H =
2g
2 2
u sin (θ)
(P.E.) highest point mg ( 2g
) =
1

2
2
mu
2
sin (θ)

(ii) K.E will be maximum at the highest point

1 2
(K . E. )H = m( uH )
2

(Vertical component of velocity is zero)

1 2 2
(K . E. )H = mu cos θ
2

(iii) Total mechanical energy= (K. E.)H + (P.E.)H

1 2 2 1 2 2
E = mu cos θ+ mu sin θ
2 2

1 2 2 2
E = mu (cos θ + sin θ)
2
1 2
E = mu
2

26. Useful power developed = 5000 hp

Efficiency = 85%
∴ Total power generated
= 5000 hp = W
100 100×5000×746
×
85 85

Total work done by the falling water in 1 min or 60 s,

W = Pt = 100×5000×746

85
× 60 = 26.94 × 107 J
Now mgh = W
= 5.39 × 105 kg
7

m=
W 26.94×10
∴ =
gh 10×50

27. As shown in the figure, suppose initially the particle is at origin O. Then its displacement vectors are
→
OA = 12 m, due east
→
AB = 5m, due north
→
CD = 6m, vertically upwards.

→
According to polygon law, OC is the resultant displacement. From right ΔOAB,
−−−− −−−−−− −−− −−−−
2 2
= √12 + 5
2 2
OB = √OA + AB
−−−−− −−
= √144 + 25 = 13 m
From right ΔOBC,
−−−− −−−−−− −−− −−−−
2 2 2 2
OC = √OB + BC = √13 + 6
−−−−− −− −−−
= √169 + 36 = √205 = 14.32m

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28. Initial Radius = R = 10-3 m (= 1 mm)

Final Radius = r
Since 1 drop breaks into 1000 small droplets, so
Initial volume = 1000 × Final Volume
4 3 4 3
πR = 1000 × πr
3 3

R3 = 103r3
3
3 R
r =
3
10

On, taking cube root on both sides, r 1)

R
= →
10

Initial Surface Area = 4πR

2

22 2
−3
= 4× × (10 )
7

= 4×
22

7
× 10
−5
m
2
→ 2)
Final Surface Area = 1000 × (4πr )
2

−3
2
22 10 R 4
= 1000 × 4 × × ( ) r = ) form eq 1)
7 10 10

1
22 −3
= 4× × 10 × 10 3

-3)
22 −5
= 4× × 10
7

Increase in Surface Area = Final surface Area – Initial surface Area

= 4×
22

7
× 10
−5
− 4×
22

7
× 10
−5
(→ 4)
as definition of surface energy says it is the energy associated with the intermolecular forces at the interface between two
media.
Now, work Done = Surface Tension × Increase in surface Area
= 72 × 10
−3
× (4 ×
22

7
× 10
−5
− 4×
22

7
× 10
−5
) (from eq4 4)
22 −3 −5 −6
= 72 × 4 × × 10 (10 − 10 )
7
22 −3 −5 −1
= 72 × 4 × × 10 × 10 (1 − 10 )
7

Work Done =
22 −5 1
72 × 4 × × 10 (1 − )
7 10

22 −3 9
= 72 × 4 × × 10 ×
7 10

Work Done = 8.14 × 10-6J

OR

Speed of wind on the lower surface of the wing, V2 = 63

m

Area of the wing, A = 2.5 m2

Density of air, ρ = 1.3 kg m-3
According to Bernoulli's theorem, we have the relation:
1 2 1 2
P1 + ρV = P2 + ρV
2 1 2 2

P1 - P2 = 1

2
ρ (V
1
2
− V
2
2
)

Where,
P1 = Pressure on the upper surface of the wing
P2 = Pressure on the lower surface of the wing
The pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing provides lift to the aeroplane.
Lift on the wing = (P2 - P1)A
=
1

2
ρ (V
2
1
− V
2
2
) A
=
1

2
1.3 ((70)2 - (63)2) × 2.5

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= 1512.87
= 1.51 × 103 N
Therefore, the lift on the wing of the aeroplane is 1.51 × 103N.
Section D
29. i. (c) Sliding friction to rolling friction by decreasing area of contact
Explanation: The reason of rolling friction being much less than sliding friction is that while rolling a small
portion of the moving object comes in contact with the static object.
ii. (a) Point contact
Explanation: If a ball is placed on a plane surface it makes a point contact with the surface.
iii. (a) Line contact
Explanation: If a roller is placed on a plane surface it makes a line contact with the surface.

OR

(c) Becomes rectangular in shape

Explanation: With increasing load acting on roller bearing, the contact line becomes somewhat rectangular in
shape.
iv. (b) Becomes an elliptical area
Explanation: With increasing load acting a ball bearing, the contact point becomes an elliptical area.
30. i. (a) infinite
Explanation: infinite
ii. (b) 5/3
Explanation: 5/3
iii. (d) change in temperature
Explanation: change in temperature
iv. (b) no
Explanation: no

OR

(a) temperature
Explanation: temperature
Section E
31. The potential energy and kinetic energy of a particle at a displacement y are given
Ep = 1

2
ky
2

and Ek = 1

2
k (A
2
− y )
2
...(i)
where A is the amplitude and k is the force constant.
i. As Ek = Ep

∴
1

2
k (A
2
− y ) =
2 1

2
ky
2
or 2y2 = A2
or y = ± A
= ± 0.71 A
√2

= 0.71 times the amplitude on either side of the mean position.

ii. Here, v = v
1
max
2

In general, kinetic energy

2
= 1

2
mv
2
=
1

2
m(
1

2
vmax ) = 1

4
⋅
1

2
2
mvmax

= 1

4
× Maximum kinetic energy
or Ek = 1
× ( Ek )
max
...(ii)
4

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From equation (i),
Ek = 1

2
k (A
2
− y )
2

∴ (Ek)max = 1

2
kA
2
[Put y = 0]
Putting these values in equation (ii), we get
1

2
k (A
2
− y )
2
= 1

4
×
1

2
kA
2

or 4y2 = 3A2
√3
or y = ± 2
A = ± 0.86 A
= 0.86 times the amplitude on either side of the mean position.

OR

a. Let the mass reaches at its new position x unit displacement from previous.
Then P.E. of spring or mass = gravitational P.E. lost by man

P E = mgx

But P.E. due to spring is 1

2
2
kx , k = ω A
2

1 2
∴ kx = mgx
2
2mg
x =
k

Mean position of spring by block will be when let extension is x then 0

F = +kx0
mg
F = mg ∴ mg = +k x0 or x0 = ....(ii)
k

From (i) and (ii)

mg
x = 2( ) = 2x0
k

x = 4cm ∴ 4 = 2x0

x0 = 2cm

The amplitude of oscillator is the maximum distance from mean position i.e., x − x 0
= 4− 2 = 2 cm
−−
b. Time Period T = 2π√
m
which does not depend on amplitude
k

2mg

k
= x from (i)
−2
m
=
x

2g
=
4×10

2×9.8
or k

m
=
2×9.8

−2
k 4×10
−− −−−−− −−−−−
2
1 k 1 2×9.8 4.9×10
v = √ = √ = √
2π m 2×3.144 −2 6.28
4×10

10×2.21
v = = 3.52Hz
6.28

Oscillator will not rise above the positive from where it was released because total extension in spring is 4 cm when
released and amplitude is 2 cm. So it oscillates below the released position.
32. Time taken by the man to reach the market from home, t 1
=
2.5

5
=
1

2
h = 30min

Time taken by the man to reach home from the market, t

2.5 1
2 = = h = 20min
7.5 3

Total time taken in the whole journey = 30 + 20 = 50 min

i. 0 to 30 min
Average speed =
Distance 2.5
= = 5km/h
1
Time
2

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Displacement
Average velocity =
2.5
= = 5km/h
1
Time
2

ii. 0 to 50 min Time = 50 min =

5
h
6

Net displacement = 0
Total distance = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5 km
Displacement
Average Velocity = Time
= 0

Average Speed = Distan ce

=
5
= 6km/h
Time 5
( )
6

iii. 0 to 40 min
speed of the man = 7.5km/h
Distance travelled in first 30 min = 2.5 km
Distance travelled by the man (from market to home) in the next 10 minutes
10
= 7.5 × = 1.25km
60

Net displacement = 2.5 - 1.25 = 1.25 km

Total distance travelled = 2.5 + 1.25 = 3.75 km
Average velocity =
1.25 1.25×3
= = 1.875km/h
40 2
( )
60

Average speed = 3.75

40
= 5.625km/h
( )
60

Instantaneous velocity is defined as the first derivative of distance with respect to time, vin = dx
m/s
dt

The time interval dt is very small such that the direction particle doesn’t change. Since velocity and speed differ in
direction only.
Thus, Instantaneous velocity is equal to the Instantaneous speed always.

OR

i. B is ahead of A by the distance OP = 100 km, when the motion starts.

= 25 kmh-1
QR
ii. Speed of B =
150 − 100
=
PR 2 − 0

iii. Since the two graphs intersect at point Q, so A will catch B after 2 hours and at a distance of 150 km from the origin.
= 75 kmh-1
QS
iv. Speed of A =
150 − 0
=
OS 2 − 0

∴ Difference in speeds = 75 - 25 = 50 kmh-1

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33. i. ∵ v 1 = ωR

v2 = ω.2R = 2ωR

The direction of V and V at point of contact C are tangentially upward. Frictional force (f) acts due to difference in
1 2

velocities of disc 1 and, f on 1 due to 2 is f 12 = upward and f

21 = downward it will be equal and opposite by
Newtons Third Law f = − f 12 21

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ii. External forces acting on system are f 12 and f21 which are equal and opposite so net force acting on system
f12 = − f21 or f 12 + f21 = 0

|f12 | = |− f21 | = F

∴ External torque = F × 3R (anti-clockwise)

As velocity of drum 2 is double i.e., v 2 = 2v1 as in part (a).
iii. Let ω (anti clockwise) and ω (clockwise) are angular velocities of drum 1 and 2 respectively. Finally when their
1 2

velocities becomes equal no force of friction will act due to no slipping at this stage v = v or 1 2

ω1 2
ω1 R = 2ω2 R or =
ω2 1

OR

Radius of gyration: For any body rotation about a given axis, it is possible to distance from the axis where, if whole m
body is concentrated, its moment of inertia unchanged. This radial distance is called gyration and is denoted by k. The
radius of gyration of a body about its axis of rotation may be defined as the distance from the axis of rotation at which, if
the whole mass of the body were concentrated, its moment of inertia about the given axis would be the same as with the
actual distribution of mass. The radius of gyration k is a geometrical property of the body and the axis of rotation. It
gives a measure of the manner in which the mass of a rotating body is distributed with respect to the axis of rotation. k
has the dimensions of length L and is measured in metre or cm.
Expression for k. Suppose a rigid body consists of n particles of mass m each, situated at distances r1 r2, r3 .......... rn from
the axis of rotation AB.

The moment of inertia of the body about the axis AB is

2 2 2 2
I = mr + mr + mr + … + mrn
1 2 3

2 2 2 2
= m (r + r + r + … + rn )
1 2 3
2 2 2 2
( r +r +r +…+rn )
1 2 3
= m × n
n
2 2 2 2
( r +r +r +…+rn )

or I
1 2 3
= M
n

where M = m × n = total mass of the body.

If k is the radius of gyration about the axis AB, then
I = Mk2
2 2 2 2
r +r +r +…+rn
2 1 2 3
∴ Mk = M( )
n

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
r +r +r +…+rn
or k = √
1 2 3

Hence the radius of gyration of a body about an axis of rotation may also be defined as the root mean square distance of
its particles from the axis of rotation.

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