Lesson 03 - Utilize Software Methodology
Lesson 03 - Utilize Software Methodology
Objectives:
1. Learn software development methodology for web development.
2. Differentiate common software development methodology.
3. Identify the methodology needed for the project.
4. Determine project requirements.
Content:
An Introduction to Software Development Methodologies
There are numerous ways to organize the process of developing and writing code. Although it is
impossible to mandate one way as the only path, there is a great deal to learn from each one. Learn
about the benefits to working in different formats and procedural approaches in this overview on code-
creation techniques. Watch our video to understand the main concepts in processes that are known to
generate a successful outcome with code design.
It is also codified communication. So you’re actually setting a set of norms between a group of people
that say this is how you’re going to work and this is how you’re going to pass information between each
of you in certain ways; whether that is documentation, whether that is discussion, whether that is
drawings on paper.
If you decide to hire an IT company to develop your web app, you will most likely need to interact with
the team, discuss your project requirements with them, monitor how the work is done and check the
results. Thus, one of the important steps to be taken before starting any engagement is to decide on the
software development methodology. There are several software development methodologies to choose
from depending on the project goals, requirements, size, timeline, team members involved, project
management tools used, etc. In this article, we will cover the most popular approaches for web app
development.
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Waterfall
Waterfall is the most conventional software development methodology. In fact, it has been one of the
most popular approaches for web development projects for several decades due to its plan-driven
approach.
The Waterfall approach requires a lot of structure and documentation. The process is divided into
several stages that form a sequence:
The first stage is critical and requires a complete understanding of the project’s demands and scope by
both the developers and the product owners.
Waterfall lacks flexibility which means that every phase should be fully completed before moving
forward to the next stage. Once any modifications are needed or any errors are detected during the
course of the project, Waterfall will require a full restart. As a result, projects managed under the
Waterfall method might require much more time. On the other hand, it is great for ensuring that all
deliverables meet expectations and it allows for easily measuring the progress since you see the full
scope of the project in advance.
Waterfall methodology is mostly used for web development projects with a clear and predefined scope,
with a fixed timeframe for project completion and few iterations or revisions.
Agile
Agile is another methodology widely used for web app development projects. The Agile method is often
used for the projects with no definite requirements and limited short timeframes.
There’s no pre-planning of the entire project, so the tasks are accomplished in an adaptive manner. The
teams’ efforts are concentrated on small tasks that require urgent attention. Agile approach also
supports quick modifications in the project’s scope and direction based on the market changes.
Agile is better suited to manage complex web development projects that involve variability. It allows
teams to develop in short iterations that have a specified timeframe and deliverables but don’t have a
specific order.
Scrum
Scrum shares Agile’s fundamental philosophy that development teams should collaborate daily and
intensively. Scrum uses an iterative approach to web development where the team is a key. This
approach requires self-management and self-organization which means that it will be a good fit for
smaller projects with experienced and organized team members.
Scrum combines the flexibility and iterative practices of the modern-day Agile method and the discipline
and structure of more conventional methodologies. End goals are broken into smaller ones and the
teams are supposed to use fixed-length iterations (typically they are two-week-long) to develop
software and present it to the client. Meetings are crucial here and during each iteration, teams conduct
daily meetings to track progress and get feedback. Such iterative approach allows quick changes and
increases effectiveness for complex projects.
Extreme Programming
Extreme Programming (XP) is one more Agile framework that aims to produce high-quality web apps
and responsiveness to changing customer requirements. Just like many other Agile methodologies, XP is
focused on regular releases in short iterations, enabling change when needed.
XP is more than just a sequence of steps to manage web development projects – it adheres to a set of
values that are supposed to help teams work more efficiently. These values include:
This approach implies that the development team should first understand the project’s needs well
enough to give the client feedback about the technical aspects of how the problem can be solved.
XP was designed to help development teams adjust to the fast-changing requirements. So, this approach
will suit small teams working on a new system, especially when a client sets tight deadlines for a project.
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Lean
Lean is more than just a workflow methodology – it’s a mindset too. Originating from manufacturing, as
a way to optimize the production line to minimize waste and maximize value to the customer, lean
approach is widely used in various spheres, including web application development.
Lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources involved. Lean’s basic principles are
the following:
Waste is defined as anything capable of impairing code quality, hindering time and effort, and reducing
the delivered business value. These may be issues like excessive code or functionality, development
delays, vague requirements, and insufficient testing. The Lean methodology focuses on eliminating these
issues, learning the required technologies, and identifying the real needs of the project.
Knowing what the client or user expects and whether their needs may change can be a solid foundation
for deciding on a methodology. If your target audience has fixed or fairly consistent needs, a non-
iterative approach is likely suitable. If your audience is diverse and has varied needs, you can expect a
sizable amount of feedback and might consider a more collaborative methodology
Characteristics such as project size and time frame can also help determine which methodology to use.
Smaller projects usually require fewer people, resources and adjustments, in which case a linear model
such as the waterfall method might be suitable. In contrast, a large project with a relatively tight
deadline might benefit from an agile framework.
Flexibility refers to your ability to adapt to new requirements. If your team can manage shifting client
expectations throughout the development process, an adaptive methodology, such as extreme
programming, may be suitable for you. If your team requires predictability to produce a high-quality
product, a stable process, such as the waterfall methodology, may be ideal.
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While in the past, websites were seen merely as fancy digital business cards, today, they
are immersive digital experiences that drive revenue generation – in some instances,
being the sole revenue generation source (e.g., e-commerce).
When designing websites, it’s crucial to remember that if users only have 15 minutes to
view content, two-thirds of them would visit an aesthetically pleasing website instead.
Moreover, users are more likely to leave a poorly designed website, with just under
half of website visitors polled in a survey saying they consider design the most important
element in determining a brand’s trustworthiness.
The agile web design process is an evolution of the traditional and waterfall design
approaches and considers the highly dynamic and extremely competitive online
environment.
The agile web design process directs designers to release designs and get real-time
feedback from users and other stakeholders early, providing an opportunity to make
changes quickly and iteratively. The result of an agile design development methodology is
an agile project that incorporates detailed feedback while sticking to relatively short
timelines.
During the design process, options and priorities must be weighed, with each choice
either speeding up the workflow process or impeding it.
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Although it’s not always clear which option is best, the agile method offers four core
principles that determine what to prioritize during the design process:
Three options are on the table in any web design scenario: traditional, waterfall, or agile
web design. Although traditional web development is archaic, some companies still use it,
especially when website redesigns are internal. Waterfall and agile fall under modern
web design, each with unique nuances. Here’s a roundup of the main difference between
traditional, waterfall, and agile web design processes.
The waterfall method for web design is a feature-driven development process that tackles
one stage of the design process at a time, hence the waterfall or cascading motif.
Although this approach is goal-driven, it falters in its lack of flexibility. Its main risk is
that any issues in the early stages can hold up the rest of the steps, leading to ever-
increasing project delays.
Main difference: Agile is flexible and iterative, while the waterfall approach is linear and
rigid.
The agile web development process has multiple steps that usually co-occur. It relies
heavily on teamwork, and early team meetings are essential to the project's success.
Instead of following a long sequential design process, agile web design involves sprints--
each with a unique goal and timeline.
Step 1: Goals
The first step in any web design project is to set clear goals. What are you trying to
achieve with your website? Who is the target audience? What needs to be included on
the site? Answering these questions helps create a clear roadmap for the project.
Step 2: Ideation
Once the goals are defined, it's time to start generating ideas for meeting them. Here,
the assembled design and development team brainstorms with other stakeholders to
explore new and innovative ideas for the website.
Step 3: Plan
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With a list of ideas/concepts, it's time to start planning how to turn those ideas into
reality. This step involves creating a project plan covering user flows, wireframes, and
prototypes to help visualize the website. It's essential to keep the customer in mind and,
if possible, involved during this step to ensure that the final product meets their needs.
Step 4: Sprint
A sprint is a short, focused period (usually 2-4 weeks) in which the team works on a
specific goal. This goal could be anything from designing the home page to adding a new
feature to the site. During sprints, staying focused and avoiding scope creep is essential.
Step 5: Iterate
After each sprint, the team takes a step back and subjects the outcome of the sprint to
user-centric testing, analysis, and feedback. Data collected from feedback and
functionality metrics are reincorporated back into the process, informing the team
whether to proceed or tweak the design further. During iteration, the focus is to keep
progressing and not get stuck.
Step 6: Production
Once all the project goals have been met, the design is usually production-ready and can
move to the development phase. While this might seem like the end of the process, the
concept of agile assumes that this step can loop back to any previous stages, depending
on any new information arising.
1. Transparency
One of the main benefits of agile is that it is a very transparent process. Everyone on the
team knows what needs to be done and when it needs to be done, helping avert surprises
and keeping everyone on track.
2. Faster launch
Because the agile web design process involves sprints, the project tends to move along
faster as each sprint has a specific goal and timeline.
Since agile involves getting feedback from users early in the process, it helps improve the
final product quality, leading to higher levels of customer satisfaction.
Another advantage of agile web design is that it helps teams focus on the most critical
aspects of the project, allowing for better use of resources and results in a higher-quality
product.
5. Reduced risk
Agile web design inherently reduces risk because changes can be made quickly based on
user feedback, helping avoid costly mistakes and keeping the project on track.
6. Cost savings
Agile web design can also lead to cost savings due to a flexible and adaptable process
structure. Teams can make changes quickly and easily without incurring high costs.
Since agile web design is all about flexibility, it is easy to adapt to new circumstances,
requirements, or data, which is especially beneficial when run as a data-driven process.
8. Better communication
Better communication is a vital hallmark of the agile web design process. It encourages
open communication between all team members, the customer, and stakeholders
throughout the process, helping avoid misunderstandings and keeping everyone on the
same page.
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Your first impression is your website! Your website is reflecting what truly you are, and this is happening
always for all online brands.
In 1 second, each and every second, there are thousands of new websites arrives on the internet, thanks
to the bump in the numbers of smartphone users and internet services going on an evolutionary path
towards 5G – But yet millions of websites are losing their momentum due to lack of keeping web 2.0
standards, W3C compliances, SEO friendliness and mobile responsive practices.
Web development with the best practices in mind, while planning your web development checklist for
your online business, make sure you follow all tips and pre-requirements through the roadmap of its
best foot forward.
If you’re working on building a new website for your online business or planning to redesign your
existing web solutions, there is a website development checklist that you must consider once you have
web development requirements on hand.
Let’s have a look at the below-listed checklist for the most influenced elements affecting your web
development plan.
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Firstly, you need to decide the business niche and market drift, which has potentials and can select the
one allowing your existing resources, expertise, and knowledge practices. You should find what kind of
interested service can make your business more competitive and unique for instance, B2B/B2C services,
retail business, and e-commerce platform.
Remember, if you decided to develop your marketplace web portal and successfully determined the
business niche, you have to research and study the scope of the domestic and international market as
well.
It is also most important that you identify your customers and their needs to come up with unique ways
to attract them to your business, products, or services. When it comes to digital interaction especially
for online shopping, online education, and b2c marketplace, where your customers are more intense to
meet their needs.
The first step toward creating the types of customer digital experiences that really achieve your
objectives as happy customers.
You can manage the finance effectively as you need to go with perfect budget planning to maintain it
successfully. You can start with excellent project execution plans and spend your hard-earned money
carefully by designating the perfect agile web development strategy.
To develop a robust Internet presence within the budget threshold, you should come up with effective
software development and partnership strategy.
Of course, the ROI can be measured in numerous ways depending upon the nature of the portal, let’s
say the Electronic Health Record System may have the KPIs to improve efficiency, but a patient portal
will be with even more patient engagement. While will for online Education Portal, you need to put
some sort of KPIs measure in terms of Hours user engaged on eLearning Portal, which is commonly
referred to as an LMS and Learning Management System.
It would help if you always remembered that you are running a portal for earning a maximum profit at
the end that realizes and hence develop your revenue models prior.
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Across the software industry, numerous start-ups are failed because of poor management. Portal
launching planned scrambled depending on how sensibly it is managed, and such project always
struggles due to lack of smart project management.
With modern collaborative PMS tools like Slack, Trello, and Asana, you can shape up the execution plan
running seamlessly, while lacking such agile process, customer and so your business returns grieve over
at the end.
In order to implement and deploy your portal website on the internet world with the most effective and
realistic approach, you need to follow the operative infrastructure structure and its guideline. The web
hosting and deployment infrastructure including domain, hosting, file storage and CDN caching
mechanism that can enable your web platform with solid user engagement and to find your business to
keep breathing online 24X7.
This cloud be leveraged by utilizing cloud resources effectively, implement some guidelines with the aim
of utilizing each resource of your server infrastructure in an efficient manner. Remember, the next era is
of cloud computing. Pay as you go, being a very cost-effective outlook of hosting now.
From open source to proprietary-based enterprise framework, today numerous web programming
technologies exist to create distinct web solutions including SAS web platform, Omni-channel web apps,
and enterprise web portals.
Enterprises prefer proprietary platforms due to security concerns, while most businesses opt for open
source to leverage them. The selection of web development technologies and platforms for your web
portal development depends on your web portal’s nature and the requirements of content
management.
Launching your site is only a single phase of creating a web portal. Your web portal must remain fully
functional in the long term. Besides, you need to maintain the seamless performance of your web portal
for a better user experience. Thus, update your web portal with the latest version of the web
technology, timely edit the contents, images, and information, manage blog posts, and fix any bugs that
appear after launch.
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A bug can make serious damage to your web portal. It affects your website functionality, resulting in
significant business loss. Quality checking for every code is the most critical phase of your web portal.
You must need to check each code manually as well with automated tools and fix them before launching
the site.
There are still plenty of concerns that demand the attention of website owners and even web
developers prior to making a start, and during the web development process, but we can discuss here
limited technical requirements for building a website, which is highly important to know.
Web development is a complex process while it is passing through multiple disciple points of web
designers, web programmers, quality assurance developers, UX designers. Moreover, the advent of the
new technologies may give more challenges from the website requirements gathering to deployment on
live internet.
You have to make sure about your website’s reliability and robustness to your stakeholders, that your
code is high-performing, scalable, and manageable. Moreover, you also have to seamlessly manage the
project during the development process, and therefore we have compiled a below web development
technical checklist with top essentials tips you need to consider for your web project.
Without an appropriate web development strategy, no online business can achieve its target and best
ROI. To develop an effective website strategy, you must define website goals and carry audience analysis
at a very early stage. You need to analyze how people will be using your website and why with the
below research studies.
Demography
Statistical study of user persona on the basis of age, gender, nationality, education, occupation
for the B2C audience and for B2B, the criteria such as company size, position, and industry
verticals data.
Psychographic
Consumer study based on their behavior and activities including interests, objectives,
motivations and opinions.
Marketing behavior
Metrics using historical data of web analytics, saved cookies, browser search history, and other
insights.
Web-o-graphics
Web experiences, browser, OS platforms, use frequency, and other useful web preferences
data.
Thus, developing a website keeping your user persona in mind may grant you definite success.
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Designing the website alone can take up a huge chunk of your time if you don’t define a perfect project
plan and deadlines. Set daily and weekly sprints for each milestone to avoid being overwhelmed.
The selection of a domain name/URL for your website requires consideration of four perspectives, such
as:
Human Perspective
Should be easy to read, speak, and remember.
Brand Perspective
Domain extension depending on the nature of business, county, or business genre. Make it
unique to stand out.
SEO Perspective
Should be relevant and containing occasion of your business purpose.
Legal Perspective
Consider copyright and trademark issues.
Wireframe development and prototype designing are significant steps before reaching the final design
acceptance in the web development process. Advanced technologies for prototyping tools, which
provide interactive screen mock-ups with real-time web surfing experience and allow pointing devices to
touch gestures and mobile operations. Prototype portrays content navigation through the hierarchy
structure.
Prototyping is an iterative process, so you have to limit the number of iterations considering design
options and affordability in the sense of effort, time, and resources spent on the prototype design
process.
After approval of prototypes, UI/UX designers take the step by transforming your prototypes into
meaningful and impactful illustrations where low-fidelity and high-fidelity design mock-up being
developed.
Meet, communicate, and interact with each other within the stakeholders, design and development
team, behaving as an individual user persona of your target audience. Such interaction creates an
immense web experience for the real-world visitors as close as it can conceivably be.
Designing excellent user experiences requires brilliant UX designers who can think of different
perspectives to solve UX problems. The following guidelines may help your website UX developers
deliver stunning outcomes:
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Audience Expectations
Know the expectations of your targeted audience and find out what interface may work for
them. The interface on your website should be meaningful to users, take surveys on each stage
of web development and run user experience tests.
Keep it Simple
Keep things simple to avoid distractions and try to bring consistency in web design. Implement a
visual hierarchy for highlighting the most important elements first and less afterward.
A good Typography
Select fonts carefully, headers tag as per the rank of their levels right from H1 to H6. Colour is a
respected element in establishing relationships and hold the attention of onlookers.
Advanced Navigation
Employ navigation plans according to behavior glooms of your website, and keep navigation
menu, breadcrumb, and on-site search outcome more simple, concise and interactive.
Optimized Graphics
Optimize images and graphics elements for quick loading without conceding with quality.
Leverage different sizes and resolutions that meet requirements for responsive web design on
cross platforms.
Smart UI Elements
Use smart UI elements on each page by the best practices of efficient Call Actions, Read More,
Add to Cart buttons and those motivate the users further in their journey.
Content Strategy
Content is king so web development can’t ignore them while designing a successful website. There
should have clear and effective information architecture & content layouts focusing on critical matters.
Grouping relevant content help visitors to scan it rapidly who makes content unique and relevant, keeps
the target audience in mind.
Planning for website content strategy has never been easier, you need to build your content marketing
strategy that aligns with trending topics, visitor anticipation, that drives maximum digital experience
from your landing pages. Your site content is a vital instrument in helping achieve your marketing goals.
Your content strategy will motivate your audience to visit your site, hence you should have a solid
consumer-centric content strategy in place.
Website Usability
Content stability is forming the basis for great user experiences on your website. Usability needs
a user-centric design, therefore should meet the user goals and rational models that make a
website easy to use.
Website Readability
Your content readability measures how easily your visitor interacts with your website. A best
readable content strategy hooks the audience by keeping visitor intent in mind, optimum words,
motivation to take action on CTA elements.
Website Features & Functionality
Websites without salient features hardly work with user expectations. Your website should be
dynamic, interactive, and should update content in real-time.
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The international standards for web application development that has the unmatched potential to
enable web developers to build rich interactive web experiences. W3C is the institute that developed
the technical guidelines for a standard web design and development process to amplify harmony for
reliability and quality.
If you are learning about Web Development Standards, you may wish to look into the following detail:
Digital Marketing
A great digital marketing strategy defines the path for online business success, and it is feasible only if
your website has search engine optimization and having good search engine rankings. You need to make
a perfect digital marketing plan into consideration with all fundamental principles to develop and
market your web content and need to develop vital digital marketing strategies by considering all other
effective aspects as below:
Internet marketing and trust-building efforts. Google, Yelp, Schema.org offers to code to
highlight your web page ratings and reviews in SERPs.
Sitemap Creation
A sitemap is a summary of the entire site and helps bots and users to find all web pages in a
place. Keep a copy of XML sitemap updated using the latest sitemap plugins, which are doing
automatic updates of pages/links.
Track Performance
Just making the website is not enough. You need to understand how your website is performing,
who and how are users coming to your website. Integrate Google Analytics or Mixpanel kind of
free or paid search engine analytics tools, it’s great to monitor the site performance, traffic,
behavior of visitors, and other useful data for re-marketing.
CTA Strategies
Effective CTA design is a vital element to accomplish your visitors’ goals throughout the lead
generation process. While designing CTA, you need to keep Inquiry Form, Call & Contact Button,
Product & Service Navigation, Social Sharing Icons, and other converting “Call to Action”
elements’ design, size and color in mind.
User Onboarding
Educate your visitors and leads them to achieve the goals of both users and websites. Use a
variety of engagement techniques to guide your users through the website journey such as tips
on the cursor, hover pop-up, interactive modules, off-canvas notifications, and so many others.
Website Deployment
Without the right deployment roadmap, you cannot publish your website on the Internet and run it
successfully on time. Website hosting involves keeping your web application streamline between pre-
production and development servers concurrently. You should minimize your risk by using a separate
production server for a various stage of deployments, such as development, testing, pre-production and
production.
Teachers Activity:
Ask Question
Show Presentation
Demonstration
Show video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eVXTyIZ1Hs
Reference:
Site:
https://www.google.com/
https://www.youtube.com/
https://www.alliancesoftware.com.au/introduction-software-development-methodologies/
#:~:text=Software%20development%20methodology%20is%20a,the%20form%20of%20defined
%20phases.
https://scand.com/company/blog/methodology-for-web-development/#:~:text=Waterfall
%20methodology%20is%20mostly%20used,and%20few%20iterations%20or%20revisions
https://au.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/software-development-methodology
https://www.perceptionsystem.com/blog/website-building-tips/
eBook:
A Proposed Methodology for Web Development – by: Debra Howcroft and John Caroll
A Study of Software Development Methodology – by: Kendra Risener
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Assessment 3-1:
Written Test
Test I: True or False: Write the letter T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false on the
space provided.
_____________ 1. If you’re working on building a new website for your online business or
planning to redesign your existing web solutions, there is a website
development checklist that you must consider once you have web
development requirements on hand.
_____________ 2. Another advantage of agile web design is that it helps teams
focus on the most critical aspects of the project, allowing for
better use of resources and results in a higher-quality product.
_____________ 3. The agile web development process has singular steps that
usually co-occur.
_____________ 4. Once all the project goals have been met, the design is usually
production-ready and can move to the development phase.
_____________ 5. Traditional website design is primarily an internally-driven
process. A company will hire a web design agency but call all the
shots regarding design, execution, functionality, testing, etc.
_____________ 6. The Agile web design process provides a framework to deliver
exceptional websites on time and on budget while ensuring
optimal use of resources
_____________ 7. Assets is defined as anything capable of impairing code quality, hindering
time and effort, and reducing the delivered business value.
_____________ 8. Extreme Programming (XP) is one more Agile framework that aims to
produce high-quality web apps and responsiveness to changing customer
requirements.
_____________ 9. Waterfall methodology is mostly used for web development projects with
a clear and predefined scope, with a fixed timeframe for project
completion and few iterations or revisions.
_____________ 10. Software development methodology is a process or series of processes
used in software development.
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
4. __________________________________________
5. __________________________________________
6. __________________________________________
7. __________________________________________
8. __________________________________________
9. __________________________________________