Question No 1

(A)

Answer

Ear

The ear is that the organ that permits hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the
ear is typically described as having three partsthe external ear , the center ear and therefore
the internal ear . The external ear consists of the pinna and therefore the auditory meatus .
Since the external ear is that the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word
"ear" often refers to the external part alone.[1] the center ear includes the middle ear and
therefore the three ossicles. The internal ear sits within the osseous labyrinth , and contains
structures which are key to many senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and
eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when
stationary; and therefore the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ears of vertebrates are
placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the top , an appointment that aids sound
localization.

Ear antomy

Outer ear:
The external ear includes an auditory meatus that's is lined with hairs and glands that secrete
wax. This a part of the ear provides protection and channels sound. The auricle or pinna is
that the most visible a part of the external ear and what most of the people are pertaining
to once they use the word “ear.”

Middle ear
: Three tiny bones — the malleus, incus, and stapes — within the center ear transfer sound
vibrations from the eardrum to the internal ear . the center ear is vital because it's crammed
with numerous air spaces, which give routes for infections to travel. it's also the situation of
the Eustachian tube , which equalizes the atmospheric pressure between the inner and outer
surfaces of the eardrum (eardrum).
Inner ear:
The internal ear , also called the labyrinth, operates the body’s sense of balance and contains
the hearing organ. A bony casing houses a posh system of membranous cells. The internal
ear is named the labyrinth due to its complex shape. There are two main sections within the
inner ear: the osseous labyrinth and therefore the structure . The cochlea, the hearing
organ, is found inside the internal ear . The snail-like cochlea is formed from three fluid-
filled chambers that spiral around a bony core, which contains a central channel called the
cochlear duct. Inside the cochlear duct is that the main hearing organ, the spiral shaped
organ of Corti. Hair cells inside the organ of Corti detect sound and send the
knowledge through the cochlear nerve.
Sound waves enter through the external ear , enter the center ear, and eventually reach
the internal ear and its intricate network of nerves, bones, canals, and cells.

HUMAN BODYAURICLE

Auricle
The auricle is additionally referred to as the pinna, and it's most
ordinarily mentioned because the ear. it's the foremost obviously visible a part
of the sensory system .
An auricle consists of heal contoured cartilage, and it's held in situ by muscles and
ligaments. Shape may differ by somatotype and person. Auricles are located on each
side of the top , near the temple and where the jaw meets the skull.
Each ear is subdivided into the several regions. These include the lobule, the concha, the
scafoid fossa, and other parts.
The ear is that the first a part of the body to return in touch with auditory stimuli. Sound
waves must skip the auricle before entering the auditory meatus . Then, the
waves undergo the eardrum (eardrum) and into the center ear. There, the sound waves
vibrate a series of bones referred to as the ossicles. These vibrations pass into the liquid-
filled internal ear , where sounds are converted into signals sent to the brain via the systema
nervosum .
There are several common problems related to piercing of the auricle. These include
infection, tearing, and enormous scars called Keloid scars. auricle is another condition of the
auricle, where the ear becomes deformed, usually as a results of trauma. auricle is
usually related to wrestling.
Stapes
The stapes is smallest bone in physical body
Before becoming recognized by the brain, sound waves must enter the auditory
meatus , undergo the eardrum (eardrum), then enter the center ear compartment.Once there,
the sound waves vibrate three bones referred to as the ossicles, which are made from the
malleus, the incus, and therefore the stapes.The stapes is that the smallest bone within
the physical body .
Malleus. The malleus is usually compared to a hammer, because it strikes the anvil-shaped
incus. The vibrations then travel through the stapes.The stapes are often compared to
a implement , because it features a horseshoe-like shape. The word means “stirrup” in
Latin.The two branches of the stapes, referred to as the inferior and superior crus, convey
sound vibrations to the bone’s flat base.From there, the vibrations enter the internal ear ,
where they're processed into neural data to be transmitted to the brain via the cochlear and
therefore the acoustic nerve .If the stapes becomes damaged, like from severe head
trauma, an individual may lose some or all of their ability to listen to . Because the ossicles
are a sequence of bones, this also holds true for the incus and malleus. Incus
There are three bones located within the middle ear: the incus, the malleus and therefore
the stapes. Collectively, all three bones comprise the ossicles.Sound waves provoke
vibration in these bones, after traveling from the outer ear , through the auditory meatus and
beyond the eardrum (eardrum). These vibrations then travel into the cochlea, where sound is
translated into systema nervosum signals that are sent to the brain.
The incus lays at the middle of the ossicles, connecting the malleus to the stapes. it's shaped
like an anvil, which is why ‘the anvil’ may be a widely used alternative name for the bone.
The bone features a few basic regions. one among its surfaces, called the top , forms a joint
with the malleus ossicle. The incus also has two extensions referred to as the long and short
crus. At the top of the long crus is that the lenticular process, a hooked-shaped a part of the
incus that forms a joint with the top of the stapes. The short crus attaches to the rear wall
of the center ear cavity, which houses the ossicles. the middle of the incus is
additionally referred to as the body.

Function

The function of the ear is to transmit and transduce sound to the brain through the
parts of the ear: the external ear , the center ear and therefore the internal ear . But what
other sensory functions do the ears provide? the main task function of the ear is in fact to
detect, transmit and transduce sound.
How can we hear?
Hearing starts with the external ear . When a sound is formed outside the external ear , the
sound waves, or vibrations, travel down the external auditory meatus and strike the eardrum
(tympanic membrane). The eardrum vibrates. The vibrations are then passed to 3 tiny
bones within the tympanic cavity called the ossicles. The ossicles amplify the sound and
send the sound waves to the internal ear and into the fluid filled hearing organ (cochlea).
Once the sound waves reach the internal ear , they're converted into electrical impulses
which the acoustic nerve sends to the brain. The brain then translates these electrical
impulses as sound.