Indoor Air Conditioner Application

Data：2024 / 05/ 24

V1.0
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Agenda

 Introduction of air conditioner

 Principle of air conditioner
 HOLTEK application
 Air conditioner application IC selection
 Technical support

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Introduction of air conditioner - Classification
1. Based on the compressor:
a) Fixed-speed air conditioners
b) Inverter-frequency air conditioners
2. Based on function:
a) Single-cooling air conditioners
b) Heating and cooling air conditioners
3. Based on structure:
a) Integrated air conditioners (Window-type, Portable)
b) Split-type air conditioners (Wall-mounted, Floor-standing, Ceiling-mounted, Central air conditioners)

Window Air Conditioners Portable Air Conditioners Wall-mounted Air Conditioners

Cabinet-type Air Conditioners Ceiling-mounted Air Conditioners Central air conditioners

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Introduction of air conditioner - structure
Internal machine structure
Rear cove Cross-flow fan Evaporator Filter screen

Air deflector Stepper motor PG motor Water tank Front cover

Electric auxiliary heating
1. Stepper motor: drives the air deflector to work and realizes the air sweeping function
2. PG motor: drives the cross-flow fan to work and blow air indoors. Nowadays, most inverter
air conditioners have switched to BLDC motors
3. Electric auxiliary heating: uses PTC heating wires to generate heat through electricity, thus
improving the heating capacity of the air conditioner

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Principles of air conditioner - Refrigeration
The principle of air-conditioner refrigeration is that the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, cooled
by the condenser, and decompressed by the throttle valve, then flows to the indoor evaporator to absorb heat from
the indoor air, achieving indoor cooling. The following is the flow path of the refrigerant:
Low Temp Description:
INDOOR OUTDOOR 1. Four-way valve: It can change the
High Temp flow direction of the refrigerant to
③ Four-way achieve heating (the heating process is
Normal Temp evaporator compressor
valve
the reverse of the cooling process).
②
2. Throttling valve: It is classified into
two types: electronic expansion valve
and capillary tube.
Four-way valve
Four-way a) Pressure reduction: High temperature
Compressor throttle valve condenser
④ valve and high pressure liquid refrigerant
becomes a low-temperature and low-
Simple refrigeration process pressure mist like liquid refrigerant
① through a throttle valve.
b) Flow control: Adjusts the flow of
1. Indoor fan (PG motor): accelerate the circulation of refrigerant entering the evaporator.
Condenser ⑤ Evaporator indoor air.
2. Air deflector (stepper motor): adjust the direction of
⑥ airflow to achieve a more even distribution of indoor
Temp.
3. Electric auxiliary heating: increases the heat output
during heating.
Throttle valve
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Principles of air conditioner - Connection method
Connection
1 L
2 N Connection
Indoor Indoor
3 PE 1 L
Four way
4 2 N
valve line
External fan 3 PE
Outdoor 5
line Outdoor 4 Communication
(No PCBA)
Compressor (Containing PCBA)
6
line
7 Tube NTC Refrigerant pipeline
Refrigerant pipeline
Fixed-speed air conditioner connection Inverter-frequency air conditioner connection

Explanation:
1. The outdoor unit load of a fixed-speed air conditioner is controlled by the indoor unit, and the
outdoor unit does not have a control board.
2. The outdoor unit of a inverter-frequency air conditioner is controlled by its own control board. The
indoor and outdoor units are connected through a set of high-voltage communication lines to achieve
data transmission between the two units.

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HOLTEK application-Fixed speed-1/5
Air conditioner specifications
 Rated Voltage/Frequency : AC 220V/50Hz
 Rated Cooling Input Power : 722W 1.Cooling Display light board
 LED points: 33 points (three digital tubes+5 icons)
 Rated Cooling Capacity : 2390W(1P) 2.Heating
 Display content: target Temp, fault code,
 Rated Heating Input Power : 710W 3. Dehumidification timing, ECO mode, on/off state,
 Rated Heating Capacity : 2600W 4. Air supply electric auxiliary heating state
Function
 Standby Power : 1.6W 5. Automatic Remote control
 Functions: setting Temp, mode switching,
 Safety Protection Functions: 6. Self cleaning sweeping control, wind speed
1. Compressor Protection 7. Electric auxiliary djustment, starting self-cleaning, etc
2. Evaporator Temp protection heating  Remote control distance: about 10 meters
3. Protection for No Speed Feedback of Internal Fan  LCD point count: 72 points (6 COM * 12 SEG)
 Number of buttons: 16
4. Temp Sensor Fault Protection
5. Zero Crossing Detection Fault Protection

Note: Cooling Capacity refers to the total amount of heat removed from a confined
space per unit time. 1P approximately 2300W.
Application link ：https://www.holtek.com/page/Application/detail/WAS-2363
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HOLTEK application-Fixed speed-2/5
Application Description
1. The fixed-speed control board includes circuits such as relay driver, buzzer driver, temp detection, PG
motor driver, infrared receiver, etc.
2. It reserves MCU interfaces and can support HT66F31A5 28-SSOP and HT66F2362 48-LQFP.
3. The display light board adopts the HT16D31B LED driver IC, which can display the set Temp, fault
code, and receive infrared commands.
4. The infrared remote control uses the HT67F2452 MCU, which can send infrared commands to control
the air conditioner.

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HOLTEK application-Fixed speed-3/5
Control Board Description
The following is an introduction to the control board:

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HOLTEK application-Fixed speed-4/5
 The display light board uses HT16D31B driver IC, and its main functions :
1. Display the status of the air conditioner's on/off, fault codes, and the set Temp.
2. Receives infrared remote control signals.

LCD interface MCU LCD interface Key interface

Infrared
transmission
37mm

149mm
Infrared remote control board
 The infrared remote control board uses HT67F2452 as the control MCU,
and its main functions:
1. Display the set Temp, working mode, etc
2. Send air conditioner control commands
3. Can be developed in conjunction with the HOLTEK IR remote Infrared remote control board
controller workshop (Including casing)
IR Remote Controller Workshop：https://www.holtek.com/page/detail/dev_plat/IR_Remote_Controller_Workshop
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HOLTEK application-Fixed speed-5/5
Application Connection Description

① Display light board interface

② MCU adapter daughter board
③ Pipeline NTC interface ①
④ Room temp NTC interface
⑤ UART interface
(communication between control
③
board and simulated load board) ②

⑥ TYPE-C interface ④
⑥
(connecting to PC)
⑤

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HOLTEK application-Inverter frequency-1/4
Air conditioner specifications
 Rated Voltage/Frequency : AC 220V/50Hz Display light board
 Cooling Input Power : 810W(80~1650W)  LED points: 33 points (three digital tubes+5 icons)
1.Cooling  Display content: target Temp, fault code,
 Rated Cooling Capacity : 3500W(1.5P) timing,ECO mode, on/off state,
2.Heating
 Heating Input Power : 1325W(80~1850W) electric auxiliary heating state
3. Dehumidification
 Rated Heating Capacity : 5000W Remote control
4. Air supply  Functions: setting Temp, mode switching,
 Standby Power : 3W Function
5. Automatic sweeping control, wind speed
 Safety Protection Functions: adjustment, starting self-cleaning, etc
1. Compressor Protection 6. Self cleaning  Remote control distance: about 10 meters
2. Room Temp protection 7. Electric auxiliary  LCD point count: 72 points (6 COM * 12 SEG)
heating  Number of buttons: 16
3. Evaporator Temp protection
4. Protection for No Speed Feedback of Internal Fan
5. Temp Sensor Fault Protection
6. Internal and external communication fault protection

Application link：https://www.holtek.com/page/Application/detail/WAS-2362

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HOLTEK application-Inverter frequency-2/4
Application Description
1. The inverter-frequency control board adopts the HT66F2372 as the main MCU, including circuits for relay driver,
buzzer driver, Temp detection, PG motor & BLDC motor driver, infrared receiver, and indoor-outdoor unit
communication.
2. The display panel utilizes the HT16D31B LED driver IC, which can display the set Temp, fault codes, and
receive infrared commands.
3. The infrared remote controller employs the HT67F2452 MCU, capable of sending infrared commands to control
the air conditioner.

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HOLTEK application-Inverter frequency-3/4
Control Board Description
Reserve interfaces for motor driver and communication daughter boards, which can be
replaced for different motors and communication protocols to ensure normal operation.

The following is an introduction to the control board:

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HOLTEK application-Inverter frequency-4/4
Application Connection Description

① Display light board interface

② Motor driver daughter board
①
③ Communication daughter board
④ Pipeline NTC interface
⑤ Room Temp NTC interface
⑥ UART interface ④

(communication between control board and ⑤

simulated load board) ②
⑥
⑦ TYPE-C interface (connecting to PC) ③
⑦

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HOLTEK application-Workshop-1/6
Workshop features
1. Supports various types of air conditioners, including wall-mounted, mobile, fixed-speed,
inverter-frequency, single-cooling, and cooling-heating models, covering a wide range.
2. Offers multiple inverter-frequency air conditioner communication protocols.
3. Easily configure parameters through a graphical interface, supporting one-click project
generation and secondary development.
4. Enables control of air conditioner operation modes through the workshop, combined with
a simulated load board to simulate environmental and Temp changes, shortening
development time.

NO. Function NO. Function NO. Function

1 Fixed-speed、Inverter-frequency 6 Dehumidification 11 PG motor drive
2 Communication protocol 7 Automatic 12 BLDC motor optocoupler drive
3 Cooling 8 Sweeping air 13 Error code
4 Heating 9 Timing 14 Sleeping
5 Air supply 10 Temp protection 15 Self-cleaning

Workshop link：https://www.holtek.com/page/detail/dev_plat/air_conditioner_workshop

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HOLTEK application-Workshop-2/6
Workshop software framework

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HOLTEK application-Workshop-3/6
Workshop configuration
1. Buzzer settings (Active or passive)
1 2 3 4 6 8
5 7
2. Internal fan settings (PG or BLDC)
3. Air guide plate setting (Stepper motor)
4. Temp measurement setting
(NTC temp measurement)
5. Display settings (Display light board drive)
6. IO settings (Relays, communication, etc.)
7. Other settings (Fault codes, Temp control)
8. Output Project (Generate CODE)

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HOLTEK application-Workshop-4/6
Workshop testing
1. Monitoring mode
2. Test mode

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HOLTEK application-Workshop-5/6
Monitoring mode
1、Monitor air conditioner status
• Working mode
• Compressor status 2
• Internal fan Gear
• Sweeping status
• Target Temp
• Indoor Temp 1
• Evaporator Temp
3
2、Compressor state curve
3、Temp time curve

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HOLTEK application-Workshop-6/6
Test mode
Control parameters
• Working mode
• Internal fan gear
• Sweep air switch
• Target Temp
• Indoor Temp

After the workshop is successfully

connected to the control board, the
working status of the control board can
be directly controlled through the
workshop.

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Air conditioner application IC selection

Project IC Model Packaging Explanation

HOLTEK
Inverter-frequency HT66F2372 48LQFP
Application
for low order fixed-speed air
HOLTEK HT66F31A5 28SSOP
conditioner
Fixed-speed
Application Develop advanced features, such as
HT66F2362 48LQFP
APP control
Infrared remote
HT67F2452 48LQFP
control board
HT16D31B 16NSOP Display 72 points(8 ROW*9 COM)

Display light board With button detection, it can display 64

HT16K33A 20SOP/20SSOP points (8 ROW * 8 COM) and 3 * 8
button matrix scanning

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Technical support

 Design evaluation support

 Assist in
importing mass production
 Development workshop, supporting secondary
development

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 Q&A

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