THE CITY OF LONDON The history of London cannot be separated from the river Thames.

If you look at the map you will see that it is the gateway to London from the European continent. In the first century, when the Romans occupied England, there was a small village on Lud Hill along the Thames, where the river was at its lowest point. It was about ten miles from the sea. The Romans discovered that they could load and unload their merchant ships here. So, they build a city on Lud Hill. More and more ships could now for either loading or unloading, bringing more and more business to the city. They called the city Londinium (meaning: city) from which the name London was probably derived. In order to connect both sides of the river, called the Thames, the Romans built the London bridge here. A great fire in 1665 brought a big change to London. The great will surrounding the city was destroyed and today we can only see its ruins. Another change was brought by the Second World War. From August 1940 to May 1941, German bombers attacked the city almost every night, destroying thousands of buildings arid houses, and killing thousands of people. For the second time, the greater part of London was in ruins. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1. Where did the Romans load and unload their merchant ships ? A. On Lud Hill. B. In the river Thames. C. In the European Continent. D. In the city of London. E. In the gateway to London. 2. What brought a big change to London ? A. Second World War. B. A great fire. C. German bombers. D. The death of many people. E. The ruins of the houses. 3. In the first Century when the Romans occupied England, there was a small village on Lud Hill along the Themes. The underline word is similar in meaning to ... A. Stated. B. Destroyed. C. Colonized. D. Separated attacked. E. Attacked 4. Which of the following statement is true according to the text ? A. The London bridge has disappeared now. B. We can't see ruins of the great fire now. C. The Romans called the city built on the Lud Hill London. D. The city of London was in fact built by the Romans. E. Ruins of the city of London will become boring to tourists. 5. // was about ten. miles from the sea. (paragraph 1) What does the word it refer to ? ... A. England. B. Lud Hill.

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C. Thames. D. London. E. A small village. 6. They called the city Londonium from which the name London was probably derived. The underline word means ... A. Came from. B. Accepted. C. Received. D. Given. E. Got.

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WACANA3 DRIVING SAFELY Like many others that we do well, safe driving begins with simple matter. It begins as soon as you sit behind the steering wheel. The first things that you should do is to get the proper seating position and the proffer distance between yourself and the steering wheel. You should sit down in such a way that your shoulders rest easily again the seat. Your back should also be against the seat, not hunched forward. Move the set until your arms are straight in front of you when holding the-steering wheel. Of course, you are not going to drive with your hands in the top position, but that is how you measure the proper distance. Make sure, however, that at that distance you can reach the foot pedals easily. Otherwise make the necessary adjustments to your seating position, for example by moving the seat forward bit. If it is your own car, it wil1 be better and safer to have blocks installed on the pedals. At any rate, you should be able to sit comfortably bin the proper distance. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 7. When does safe driving begins ? A. As soon as your sit behind the steering wheel. B. When you get the prefer seating position. C. When you know the simple matters. D. As soon as you start the engine. E. When you check everything. 8. What should you do so that you can hold the steering wheel firmly ?. A. Move the body backward. B. Handle the steering wheel. C. Move the sit forward a bit. D. Have blocks installed on the pedals. E. Measure the proper seating distance. 9. Which of the following statement is not true according to the text ? A. You should sit down firmly. B. Your back should be against the seat. C. You should be able to sit uncomfortably. D. Your foot must not be too far from the pedals. E. Necessary adjustments are advisable. 10. If in your own car, it will be better to have blocks installed on the pedals, the underline word refer to ... A. Positive. B. Distance.

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C. Foot. D. Seat. E. Car. 11. Any necessary ... should be taken to make sure whether you can reach the foot pedals easily. A. Improvement. B. Adjustments. C. Installment. D. Attendants. E. Equipment. 12. It will be better and safer to have blocks installed on the pedals in order to get the best driving position, the underline word means ... A. Fixed. B. Pulled. C. Pressed. D. Tied. E. Push.

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WACANA 4 NOISE Noise can be defined as sound that we do not want. This definition is a subjective one, however, because what is unwanted sound to some people may be desirable sound to other. Noise is subjective. That noise is subjective may mean that people receive it at different levels. This two people will not agree that the loud music from a neighbor's house, for example, is noise! To one of them, however, it is tolerable, noise while to the others it is annoying noise. This difference in the levels of reception between two people may be due to the fact the former is a patience person, while the letter is not. It my also be due to the fact that the former is used to having loud music, while the letter is not. To borrow a term from psychology, the person who can tolerate the loud music is said to have been conditioned, while the person who is annoyed by it is said not to have been conditioned by the noise. In addition to the tolerance and annoyance levels, there is yet another level of noise reception. This is what might be called the damage level, where the noise is such that it damage the eardrum. The damage may be temporary, and in this case the person concerned may be only temporarily deafened. It may be also be that the damage is permanent. When this occurs the person become permanently deaf. Very often however, deafness does not occur right way but comes gradually as result of a long period of exposure to the same source of loud noise. The person concerned may tolerate that noise because he was been conditioned by it, but damage is done. The damaging noise will accelerate his gradual loss of hearing due to growing age. 1 2 3 4 5 13. What is means by noise ? A. The desirable sound. B. The unwanted sound. C. The pleasant sound. D. The explosive sound. E. The booming voice.

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14. Why is the definition of sound subjective ? because ... A. The reception of sound is not the same for everyone. B. The sound which is received by some people is the same. C. For some people sound can cause the damage of eardrum. D. The reception of sound can make someone enjoy. E. The sound is difficult to be classified. 15. Which of the statements is true according to the text? A. The damaging noise will damage the ear. B. The tolerable noise will cause the temporary deaf. C. The soothing and loud music can cause the person of be deaf. D. The tolerable noise will accelerate the hard of hearing. E. The damaging noise will accelerate the person's loss hearing; 16. "The level of noise reception have the subjective value". This is the idea of A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph 4. E. Paragraph 5. 17. The person concerned may tolerate that noise because he has been conditioned by it. The underline word refer to ... A. Damage. B. Deafness. C. Exposure. D. Loud noise. E. The result of permanent deaf. 18. The damaging noise will accelerate the gradual loss of hearing due to growing age. "accelerate" here means ... A. Happen later. B. Move earlier. C. Become faster. D. Become earlier. E. Speed move.

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