HMUN 2024

International Criminal Court

Presidents
Valeria Arias 11°C
Laura Rivera 8°B
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INDEX

1. Welcoming letter —---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2. Theoretical framework —--------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

2.1 What is the International Criminal Court?

2.2 How ICC works?

2.3 What is ICC relationship with the UN?

3. Problem review —------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6

4. Guiding questions —---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

5. Support material —------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9

6. Recommendations—---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

7. Portfolio —--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

8. Bibliography —---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

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1. Welcoming Letter

Dear delegates,

Welcome to the model United Nations of the Gimnasio Hontanar, HMUN 2023. This year

Valeria Arias and Laura Rivera, eleven and eighth grade students, will be accompanying you as

the directive table of the ICC commission (International Criminal Court), for us, it is a great

pleasure to guide you in the construction of your debates in this institutional activity of great

importance to develop your skills in oral and written speech.

The main objective of our commission is to develop strategies and actions against the

Crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur, Sudan that will allow you to acquire

knowledge about topics that are of international concern and achieve a global perspective. The

United Nations model is the opportunity to improve or develop your oratory skills and critical

thinking; additionally, you can reinforce your fluency and confidence in the speech of our second

language.

Your directive table, Valeria Arias and Laura Rivera, will guide and help you if you have

any questions, doubts, or suggestions; we remind you of our total support in whatever you

require. We hope that our help will be useful for the development of your role as delegates, and

we expect you will perform as well as possible during the debate.

Finally, as the directive table we expect your good behavior, participation, respect and

attitude for the development of the debate; remember we will resolve any doubts, and we hope

that this model will be a learning experience; we wish you all delegates good luck.

Yours faithfully,

Valeria Arias 11°C Laura Rivera 8°B

[email protected] [email protected]

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2. Theoretical framework

2.1 What is the International Criminal Court?

The International Criminal Court was established in 1998 and is governed in 2002 by a

founding treaty called Rome Statute. It is a judicial, independent and permanent institution with

the purpose of dealing with the gravest crimes occurring in the international community. These

are: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes of aggression. Its main objective

is to end impunity, as is said in ICC official page, “the Court aims to hold those responsible

accountable for their crimes and to help prevent these crimes from happening again.”

2.2 How ICC works?

● The International Criminal Court has jurisdiction over the four crimes previously

mentioned.

● The ICC has jurisdiction over every crime (of the mentioned) that occurred after 2002.

● It works by a legal process different from your national jurisdiction.

● ICC is meant to be a complement of the national criminal systems as it prosecutes cases

just if the States do not autonomously for any reason.

2.3 What is ICC relationship with the UN?

ICC is not an organism of the UN, however it has a cooperation agreement with it. When

the Court has no jurisdiction in a situation, the United Nations Security Council may refer the

situation to the Court, providing them jurisdiction.

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3. Problem Review

The internal conflict in Darfur, Sudan started around 2003. The crisis started due to the

rebellious operations caused by different rebel groups, for instance “SLA” and “JEM”. They

asked Jartum authorities to do something about underdevelopment in the region. To stop the

rebellion, the government created an art of warfare with diverse groups of fighters called

“Janjaweed”. They had attacked different villages (with the help of armed forces) that were

supposed to help rebels.

Unfortunately, they are making a huge variety of acts against human rights. They had

committed crimes such as genocide, crimes of war, and crimes against humanity. They had

attempted against the civilians and therefore a vast internal migration started. According to

ACNUR, 1 million people have been internally displaced in the region from Darfur, in addition to

another 22,500 who are in Chad. Approximately there are 110,000 refugees.

As a consequence, ICC was involved in the conflict. The UN gave jurisdiction to the

Court in 2005 to participate in the situation (the territory affected was not one of the State Parties

of Rome Statute). Since that time, the statistics rose and the people affected were more. The two

of the principal crimes are war crimes and crimes against humanity.

War crimes involved are: murder; attacks against the civilian population; destruction of

property; rape; spoliation; and outrage to personal dignity; violence to life and person;

intentionally direct attacks against personnel, facilities, material, units or vehicles involved in a

peacekeeping mission, etc. And against humanity are: murder; persecution; forced population

transfer; rape; inhuman acts; imprisonment or severe deprivation of liberty; torture;

extermination; and torture according to International Criminal Court’s official page.

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In fact the UN general secretary developed a commission to “investigate allegations of

violations of international humanitarian law and human rights standards in Darfur by all parties,

also determine whether acts of genocide have occurred and identify the perpetrators of such

violations with a view to ensuring that those responsible are held accountable accounts”. The

investigation continues and until now there are various suspects of the committed crimes that are

facing different processes or are being pursued.

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4. Guiding Questions

● How is your delegation involved in the problem of Darfur?

● How is your delegation related to the International Criminal Court?

● What is your country's position about the topic? Is it in favor or against these

armed groups?

● How does this problematic impact or affect your delegation?

● If your nation is not very implicated in the principal problem, what does your

delegation do about similar problematics?

● What actions has your delegation taken in response to the crimes committed in

Darfur?

● Your delegation has had some type of intervention in Darfur?

● Has your delegation contributed to humanitarian assistance? If the answer is yes,

what challenges did your delegation present?

● What measures can be implemented to ensure peace in Darfur?

● What learnings have been obtained from this crime? How can these learnings

prevent future conflicts?

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5. Support material

● https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/the-court

● https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/how-the-court-works

● https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/Joining-Rome-Statute-Matters-SPA

.pdf

● https://www.icc-cpi.int/

● https://www.icc-cpi.int/darfur

● https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/NR/rdonlyres/64FA6B33-05C3-4E9C-A672-3F

A2B58CB2C9/277758/ICCOTPSummary20081704ENG.pdf

● https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/521370/files/E_CN.4_2005_3-ES.pdf?ln=zh_CN

● https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/five-things-know-about-crisis-sudan

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6. Recommendations

● Use of parliamentary language.

● You must express the opinion of your delegation and not your own opinion.

● Use the guiding questions and support links.

● Make use of the APA format and reference the information, it's very important.

● Remember the use of electronic devices is completely prohibited.

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7. Portfolio

Your portfolio is divided into 6 different documents. Remember that from 5 grade to 7

grade you must have all your portfolio printed.

These are the things you must have:

1. Front page (include, delegation, commission, flag of both in the two upper corners).

2. Opening Speech (1 minute 30 seconds).

3. Position Paper (1 minute 30 seconds).

4. General Information.

5. Commission Guide.

6. Model Guide HMUN 2024.

7. Bibliography (references APA).

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8. Bibliography

ACNUR. (22 of september, 2023). Five things to know about the crisis of Sudan. ACNUR.

https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/five-things-know-about-crisis-sudan

Consejo Económico y Social. (4 of march, 2005). Informe del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones

Unidas para los Derechos Humanos y Seguimiento de la Conferencia Mundial de los

Derechos Humanos, Situación de los derechos humanos en la región de Darfur (Sudán).

United Nations.

https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/521370/files/E_CN.4_2005_3-ES.pdf?ln=zh_CN

International Criminal Court. (n.d.). [International Criminal Court main aspects]. International

Criminal Court. https://www.icc-cpi.int/

International Criminal Court. (n.d.). Darfur, Sudán. International Criminal Court.

https://www.icc-cpi.int/darfur

International Criminal Court. (n.d.). About the Court. International Criminal Court.

https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/the-court

International Criminal Court. (n.d.). How the Court works. International Criminal Court.

https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/how-the-court-works

International Criminal Court. (n.d.). Situation in Darfur, Sudan, Summary of the case,

Prosecutor’s Application for Warrant of Arrest under Article 58 Against Omar Hassan

Ahmad Al Bashir. International Criminal Court.

https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/NR/rdonlyres/64FA6B33-05C3-4E9C-A672-3F

A2B58CB2C9/277758/ICCOTPSummary20081704ENG.pdf

La adhesión a la Corte Penal Internacional. (n.d.). La adhesión a la Corte Penal Internacional.

International Criminal Court.

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https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/Joining-Rome-Statute-Matters-SPA

.pdf

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