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Lab 2

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33 views26 pages

Lab 2

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ngalva0825
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PYTHON: BASIC DATA TYPES

Objectives
• To understand how numbers and characters are
represented in computers
• To understand and use operators for numbers
• To understand arithmetic expression
• To understand data type and use type conversion
• To be able to read and write programs that process
numerical data.
Real number system
• Recall from your math class, real numbers consist of
rational numbers and irrational numbers.
• A rational number can be represented as i/j for integers i and j.
• Irrational numbers can be further divided into algebraic (real root of
polynomials with rational coefficients) and transcendental.
Numeric data types
• Computers “simulate” the real number system.
• Two numeric data types:
• Integer (int), e.g., 10, 0, -9999
• Floating-point number (float), e.g., 1.1, 0., -3333.33
• int and float are two different data types.
• A floating-point number can be represented by including
an exponent component, e.g., -3.33333x103 (try to type
-3.33333e3 in Python and see the output)
• Inside the computer, integers and floating point are
represented quite differently.
• Negative integer is usually represented in two's complement (to be
covered elsewhere).
EXERCISE 2.1
o Enter a very large integer in your IDLE and see
whether the returned value is the same as the entered
value.
o Repeat above with a very large floating-point number.
o Is 3.3333333333e3 or 3.33e33 larger?
Rounding
• The displayed value can be rounded (sometimes
truncated).
• Several related functions:
• round(x,n) built-in function – round to n decimal places
• math.ceil(x) math function – round up
• math.floor(x) math function – round down

• To make use of math.*** functions, you need to


• import math
EXERCISE 2.2
o Try round(0.45,1), round(1.45,1), round(2.45,1),
round(3.45,1), …, round(9.45,1). Do you observe
any patterns?
o Try math.ceil(5.45) and math.floor(5.45).
o Try math.ceil(-5.45) and math.floor(-5.45).
o Try int(5.45), int(-5.45) and float(5).
String
• Strings in Python can be expressed inside double quotes
or single quotes.
• A string can be empty.
• Strings in Python are represented by UTF-8 using 8 to 32
bits to represent a character.
• The 8-bit representation is the same as the ASCII (American
Standard Code for Information Interchange).
• The ord function returns the numeric (ordinal) code of a
single character, e.g., ord('A') is 65.
• The chr function converts a numeric code to the
corresponding character, e.g., chr(65) is 'A'.
ASCII table
EXERCISE 2.3
Try the followings:
• print('') # two single quotes without space
• print("") # two double quotes without space
• print(" ' ")
• print(' " ')
• print("') # double quote + single quote
• ord('') # two single quotes without space
• ord(' ') # space inside
• ord("") # two double quotes without space
• ord(" ") # space inside
Control characters
• Control characters are special characters that are not displayed on
the screen, and they control the display of output (among other
things).
• An escape sequence begins with an escape character (\) that causes
the sequence of characters following it to “escape” their normal
meaning.
• Escape sequences are strings.
• Some useful ones:
• \’ single quote
• \” double quote
• \t tab
• \n give a newline
• \\ give the backslash itself
• \ooo gives the ASCII character represented by ooooct, e.g. “\063” = “3”.
• \xhh gives the ASCII character represented by hhhex, e.g. “\x41” = “A”.
• \uhhhh gives Unicode character represented by hhhhhex, e.g. “\u2190” = “”,
“\u5927” = “⼤”, “\u3042” = “あ”, “\u3184” = “ㆄ”.
EXERCISE 2.4
Try
• print("1\t2\t3")
• print("1\n2\n3")
• print("\"")
• print("\\")
• print("\")
• print("\u5927")
Assignment statements
• Simple assignment: <variable> = <expr>
variable is an identifier, expr is an expression
• The expression on the RHS (right hand side) is evaluated
to produce a value which is then associated with the
variable named on the LHS (left hand side).
EXERCISE 2.5
Ask users to input two numbers and print out
the two numbers in a reversed order.
Simultaneous Assignment
• Several values can be calculated at the same time.
• <var>, <var>, … = <expr>, <expr>, …
• Evaluate the expressions in the RHS and assign them to
the variables on the LHS.
• E.g., x, y = y, x
• E.g., sum, diff = x+y, x-y
• E.g., x, y = eval(input("Input the first and
second numbers separated by a comma: "))
EXERCISE 2.6
Simplify your codes in exercise 2.5 using
simultaneous assignment statements.
Expressions
• The fragments of code that produce or calculate new data
values are called expressions.
• A (numeric/string) literal, which is the simplest kind of
expression, is used to represent a specific value, e.g. 10
or “Mickey”.
• A simple identifier can also be an expression.
• Simpler expressions can be combined using operators +,
-, *, /, and ** (special operator // for integer division).
• The normal mathematical precedence applies.
• Only round parentheses can be used to change the precedence,
e.g., ((x1 – x2) / 2*n) + (spam / k**3).
• Try print("I" + "love" + "Mickey").
• Try print("I","love","Mickey").
Python built-in numeric operations

Source: Charles Dierbach. 2013. Introduction to Computer Science Using Python. Wiley.
Operator precedence and associativity
• The operators ** and – (negation) have higher
precedence than the four operators (+, –, *, /).
• For operators of the same precedence, the associativity
determines the order of their operations.

Source: Charles Dierbach. 2013. Introduction to Computer Science Using Python. Wiley.
EXERCISE 2.7
Try the followings:
• 2**3**4
• 8+4-2
• 8-4-2
• 8*4/3
• 8/4/2
Data types
• A data type is a set of values, and a set of operators that
may be applied to those values.
• Integer, floating-point numbers and string are built-in types in
Python.
• An internal representation could have different meanings:
• 01000001bin can be interpreted as "A" (ASCII) or 65dec.
• Each literal or variable is associated with a data type (int
and float for now).
• A type(x) function returns the data type of x which
could be a literal or variable.
• Explicit type conversion
• Built-in functions int(x) and float(x).
EXERCISE 2.8
o Try out the type() function for both numeric and string
literals and variables.
o Assign 10 to x and find out the type of x, and assign
10.0 to x and find out its type.
o Try to use int() instead of eval() to get your age, and
explore with different inputs.
EXERCISE 2.9
What are the data types of the following arithmetic
expressions: 6+3, 6.0+3.0, 6.0+3, 6.00+3.00, 6*3,
6.0*3.0, 6.0*3, 6/3, 6.0/3.0, 6.0/3?
Try to answer yourself before asking Python for the
answer.
EXERCISE 2.10
• Try the following
• int(11.1) How can you get answer to
• int("11") int("11.1"), i.e., 11?
• int("11.1")
• float(11)
• float("11")
• float("11.1")
• float("1.1111111111111111")
END
References
• A Tutorial on Data Representation: Integers, Floating-
point Numbers, and Characters:
https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/java/
DataRepresentation.html

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