Advanced Java

Lesson 10—Spring MVC

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 Learning Objectives

Explain Spring MVC architecture and components

List the steps to write Spring MVC program in Eclipse

Advanced Java
Topic 1—Spring MVC Architecture and Components
 Why Spring MVC ?

Problems in Enterprise Application development with Servlet and JSP Technology

1. Servlet and code are not reusable

2. Web designing tools can’t be used in case of servlet
3. Parallel development is not possible

Solution

To solve the above problems, Sun microsystem introduced two design patterns for developing
enterprise applications:

1. Model 1 (Page Centric Model)

2. Model 2 (MVC)
 Model 1: Page Centric Model
ARCHITECTURE

request 1

JSP
response
4
Enterprise
Browser 2 Server/Data
Source
3
JavaBean

Application Server
 Model 1: Page Centric Model
WORKFLOW

1. Request is sent by the browser and received by JSP.

2. Java bean object is created and business methods are called. If required, it communicates with
the database to get the required data
3. JSP displays the processed data to the end user
 Model 1: Page Centric Model
LIMITATIONS

• There is no clear separation of responsibilities

• JSP acts as both controller and view
• Business logic is separated using Java Bean
 Model 2: MVC Model
ARCHITECTURE

request 1

Controller (Servlet)
response 2
5
Enterprise
browser 3 Model Server / Data
Java Bean Source

View (JSP)
4

Application Server
 Model 2: MVC Model
WORKFLOW

1. Controller or Servlet receives request from browser and captures the input
2. Controller invokes the business method of the model or Java bean
3. Model connects with the database and gets business data
4. Model sends response to controller (Keeps the process data in heap memory request, session, and ServletContext)
5. Controller switches the control to appropriate view of the application
 Model 2: MVC Model
LIMITATIONS

• Clear separation of responsibilities

• Code reusability
• Single point entry for the application
• Support for multiple view technologies
 Advantages of Spring MVC

• Spring MVC is used to develop the web application that uses MVC design pattern

• Spring MVC is meant to make web application development faster, cost-effective, and flexible
 Spring MVC Architecture

HandlerMapping

2. Request

3. Controller

5. Calls Business
1. Request Method Dispatcher
Dispatcher
Dispatcher 4. handlerRequest (req, res) Servlet Servlet
Service
Servlet Controller
11. ModelAndView 10. Response
16. Response

6. Calls Dao method

9. Response
15. Response 14. Model 12. ViewName
7. Contact
Database
Dispatcher Dispatcher
Servlet
View 13. view ViewResolver Servlet
DAO
8. Response
 Spring MVC Workflow

1. Client requests a resource in the Web Application

2. The Spring Front Controller (DispatcherServlet) requests the HandlerMapping to identify the particular
controller for the given URL
3. HandlerMapping identifies the controller and sends to the DispatcherServlet
4. DispatcherServlet calls handleRequest (req, res) method and passes these two objects to that controller
5. Controller calls the business method
6. Service class calls the DAO method for business data
7. DAO interacts with the database to get the data
8. Database shares the result
9. DAO returns this result data to service
10. DAO data is processed according to business requirement and returns to Controller
11. Controller returns ModelAndView object back to front Controller
12. Dispatcher resolves actual View by consulting the View Resolver object
13. ViewResolver renders View to the Dispatcher
14. DispatcherServlet consults the View to the DispatcherServlet
15. View executes and returns HTML to the DispatcherServlet
16. DispatcherServlet sends output to the Browser
 Components of Spring MVC

1. DispatcherServlet (org.springframework.web.servlet)
2. HandlerMapping (org.springframework.web.servlet)
3. Controller
4. ModeAndView (org.springframework.web.servlet)
5. ViewResolver
 Components of Spring MVC
DispatcherServlet

1. It is given by org.springframework.web.DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet
2. It follows FrontController Design Pattern
3. Whatever URL comes from the Client, Servlet intercepts the Client Request before passing the
Request object to the Controller
HandlerMapping
4. In web configuration file, write <servlet-mapping> in such a way that Dispatcher Servlet is invoked
for ClientRequest
Controller
<servet>
<servlet-name> front-controller</servlet-name>
ModelAndView
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
ViewResolver
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name> front-controller </servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.extensionname</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

Definition given in the web.xml to invoke Spring’s Dispatcher

 Components of Spring MVC
HandlerMapping

• It is an Interface implemented by objects to define mapping between requests and

DispatcherServlet
handler objects.

HandlerMapping • When a request is made to Spring’s dispatcher servlet, it hands over the request to
handler mapping.

Controller • Handler mapping inspects the request and identifies the appropriate handler execution
chain and delivers it to dispatcher servlet.
ModelAndView

ViewResolver
 Components of Spring MVC
HandlerMapping: Example

Hander mapping provided by Spring’s MVC module can be implemented in many ways.
Lets take a example:
DispatcherServlet
BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping: It is the default handler mapping class, that maps the URL
HandlerMapping request to the names of the beans.
<bean…>
<bean class=“org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.
Controller BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping”/>
<bean name=“/welcome.htm” class=“WelcomeController”/>
ModelAndView
<bean name=“/streetName.htm” class=“StreetNameController”/>
<bean name=“/process*.htm” class=“ProcessController”/>
If URL pattern:
ViewResolver

• /welcome.htm is requested; DispatcherServlet will forward the request to the “WelcomeController.”

• /streetName.htm is requested; DispatcherServlet will forward the request to the
“StreetNameController.”
• /processCreditCard.htm or /process{anything}.htm is requested; DispatcherServlet will forward the
request to the “ProcessController.”
 Components of Spring MVC
Controller

• Controllers are components that are called by the Dispatcher Servlet for any kind of Business
DispatcherServlet
logic.
• All controllers implements Controller interface.
HandlerMapping

Types of Controllers:
Controller
1. AbstractController
2. MultiActionController
ModelAndView
3. AbstractwizardFormController

ViewResolver
There are components called ViewResolver. Their job is to provide mapping between the Logical
View Name and the actual Physical Location of the View Resource.
 Components of Spring MVC
ModelAndView

• It is represented by the class org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView and is returned by

DispatcherServlet
the Controller object back to the DispatcherServlet
• This class is just a CONTAINER CLASS FOR HOLDING THE mODEL AND THE vIEW information
HandlerMapping
• The Model object represents some piece of information that can be used by the View to display
the information. These give abstraction in the Spring framework
• Any kind of View Technology (org.springframework.web.servlet.View) can be plugged into the
Controller Framework
Excel, Jasper Reports, Pdf, Xslt, freeMarker, Html, Tiles are supported frameworks.

ModelAndView

Example:
ViewResolver
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView(“successView”, “greetingMsg”, “greetingMessage);
 Components of Spring MVC
ModelAndView

It is an Interface implemented by objects to resolve views using name.Spring’s MVC module.

DispatcherServlet
It encapsulates the model object and the view object in a single entity, which is represented by the
object of class ModelAndView.
HandlerMapping

To resolve the view object, DispatcherServlet ViewResolver is used.

Controller

ModelAndView

ViewResolver

All view resolvers implement the interface org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver.

 Components of Spring MVC
ModelAndView: Types

InternalResourceViewResolver
DispatcherServlet
It resolves the logical name of the view to an internal resource by prefixing the logical view name
with the resource path and suffixing it with the extension.
HandlerMapping

BeanNameViewResolver
Controller
It resolves the logical name of the view to the bean name, which will render the output to the user.
The bean should be defined in the Spring app context file.
ModelAndView
XMLFileViewResolver
ViewResolver
This view resolver is the same as BeanNameViewResolver. The only difference is that instead of
looking for the beans in Spring’s application context file, it looks for beans defined in a separate
XML file (/WEB-INF/views.xml by default).
Advanced Java
Topic 2—Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse

1. Create dynamic web project in eclipse

2. Create 'index.jsp' (View)
3. Create HelloWorldController.java (Controller)
4. Create mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml file. (Spring Configuration)
5. Create web.xml (Deployment Descriptor)
6. Run the project
 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
Create 'index.jsp' (View)
Create dynamic web
project in eclipse
In this case, “view” is a JSP page. We can display the value “hello Spring MVC” that is stored in
the model “msg” via expression language (EL) ${msg}
Create 'index.jsp'
(View)
HelloWorldPage.jsp
Create
HelloWorldController <%@ taglib prefix="c"
.java (Controller) uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
Create mvc- <html>
dispatcher- <body>
servlet.xml file. <h1>Spring MVC Hello World Example</h1>
(Spring
Configuration)
<h2>${msg}</h2>
Create web.xml </body>
(Deployment
Descriptor)
</html>

Run the project We have already discussed the steps to create a web project in eclipse in the
previous lessons.
 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
Create HelloWorldController.java (Controller)
Create dynamic web
project in eclipse Spring has Controllers. Here, AbstractController overrides the handleRequestInternal() method

Create 'index.jsp' public class HelloWorldController extends AbstractController{

(View)
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest
Create request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HelloWorldController
ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("HelloWorldPage");
.java (Controller)
model.addObject("msg", "Welcome");
Create mvc- return model;
dispatcher- }
servlet.xml file. }
(Spring
Configuration)

Create web.xml ModelAndView(“HelloWorldPage”) identifies which view should return to the user. In this
(Deployment example, HelloWorldPage.jsp will be returned.
Descriptor)
model.addObject (“msg”, “Welcome”) adds a “welcome” string into a model named “msg.” You
Run the project can later use EL ${msg} to display the “hello world” string.
 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
Create mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml file. (Spring Configuration)
Create dynamic web
project in eclipse
Declare the Spring Controller and viewResolver (mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml).
Create 'index.jsp'
(View)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
Create xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
HelloWorldController xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
.java (Controller) http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean name="/welcome.htm"
Create mvc-
class="HelloWorldController" />
dispatcher-
servlet.xml file. <bean id="viewResolver"
(Spring class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
Configuration) <property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
Create web.xml </property>
(Deployment
<property name="suffix">
Descriptor)
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
Run the project </bean>
</beans>
 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
Create mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml file. (Spring Configuration)
Create dynamic web
project in eclipse

1. Controller declares a bean name /welcome.htm and maps it to HelloWorldController. If a URL

Create 'index.jsp'
(View)
with /welcome.htm pattern is requested, the HelloWorldController controller will handle the
request.
Create
HelloWorldController 2. viewResolver defines how Spring will look for the view template. In this case, the controller
.java (Controller) HelloWorldController will return a view named HelloWorldPage, and the viewResolver will find
Create mvc- the file with the following mechanism: prefix + view name + suffix, which is /WEB-
dispatcher- INF/pages/HelloWorldPage.jsp.
servlet.xml file.
(Spring
Configuration)

Create web.xml
(Deployment
Descriptor)

Run the project

 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
Create web.xml (Deployment Descriptor)
Create dynamic web
project in eclipse
web.xml declares a DispatcherServlet servlet to act as the front-controller to handle all the web
requests that end with htm extension.
Create 'index.jsp'
(View)
web.xml
Create
<web-app >
HelloWorldController <display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name>
.java (Controller) <servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
Create mvc- <servlet-class>
dispatcher-
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
servlet.xml file.
(Spring
</servlet-class>
Configuration) <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
Create web.xml <servlet-mapping>
(Deployment <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
Descriptor)
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
Run the project </web-app>
 Writing Spring MVC Program in Eclipse
Run the project
Create dynamic
web project in
eclipse To run application, the following URL is used:

Create 'index.jsp' http://localhost:8080/projectname/welcome.htm

(View)

Create
HelloWorldControll
er.java (Controller)

Create mvc-
dispatcher-
servlet.xml file.
(Spring
Configuration)

Create web.xml
(Deployment
Descriptor)

Run the project

 Key Takeaways

Spring MVC is used to develop the web application that uses MVC design
pattern. Spring MVC is used to make web application development faster, cost-
effective, and flexible

DispatcherServlet (org.springframework.web.servlet), HandlerMapping

(org.springframework.web.servlet), Controller, ModeAndView
(org.springframework.web.servlet), and ViewResolver are the components of
spring MVC.
Quiz
Thank You