Lesson 11.

1
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Polygons

A polygon is a closed plane figure formed by

three or more line segments that meet at points Polygon Sides Angles Vertices
called vertices. You can classify a polygon Triangle 3 3 3
by the number of sides and the number of
angles that it has. Quadrilateral 4 4 4

Congruent figures have the same size and Pentagon 5 5 5

shape. In a regular polygon, all sides are Hexagon 6 6 6
congruent and all angles are congruent.
Heptagon 7 7 7
Classify the polygon below.
Octagon 8 8 8

Nonagon 9 9 9

Decagon 10 10 10

How many sides does this polygon have? 5 sides

How many angles does this polygon have? 5 angles
Name the polygon. pentagon
Are all the sides congruent? no
Are all the angles congruent? no
So, the polygon above is a pentagon. It is not a regular polygon.

Name each polygon. Then tell whether it is a regular polygon

or not a regular polygon.

1. 2. T 3. 4.
G H Y U N

T O
U X
S P
E F
R Q
V W
S R

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 Lesson 11.1
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Polygon Practice
Write the number of sides and the number of angles that each polygon
has. Then match each description to one of the polygons drawn below.
Label the polygon with the exercise number of the description that
matches the polygon.

1. regular decagon 2. decagon that is not regular

3. regular hexagon 4. hexagon that is not regular

5. regular octagon 6. octagon that is not regular

7. regular pentagon 8. pentagon that is not regular

9. regular quadrilateral 10. quadrilateral that is not regular

11. regular triangle 12. triangle that is not regular

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Triangles

You can classify triangles by the length of their sides and

by the measure of their angles. Classify each triangle.

Use a ruler to measure the side lengths. Use the corner of a sheet of
paper to classify the angles.
• equilateral triangle • acute triangle
All sides are the same All three angles are acute.
length.
• isosceles triangle • obtuse triangle
Two sides are the same One angle is obtuse. The
length. other two angles are acute.
• scalene triangle • right triangle
All sides are different One angle is right. The other
lengths. two angles are acute.

Classify the triangle according to its side lengths.

It has two congruent sides.
The triangle is an isosceles triangle.
Classify the triangle according to its angle measures.
It has one right angle.
The triangle is a right triangle.

Classify each triangle. Write isosceles, scalene, or equilateral.

Then write acute, obtuse, or right.

1. 2. 5 in. 3. 10 m
78°
9 mi 14 mi 4m
5 in.
66° 36° 10 m
5 in.
15 mi

4. 5. 6.

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 Lesson 11.2
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A Triangular Challenge
Classify each triangle as isosceles, scalene, or equilateral
and as acute, right, or obtuse. The sum of the angle measures
in a triangle is always 180º. You can use a protractor to help
you draw the triangle in the space provided.

Who Am I? Draw Me

1. I have two congruent sides. I also have two

congruent angles that measure 45° each.
I am a(n) triangle.

2. I have three congruent sides. I also have three

congruent angles.
I am a(n) triangle.

3. I have no congruent sides. One of my angles has a

measure of 100°.
I am a(n) triangle.

4. Two of my angles measure 30° each. My two

shorter sides are congruent.
I am a(n) triangle.

5. My 3 angles have measures of 38°, 52°, and 90°.

My 3 sides are all different lengths.
I am a triangle.

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Quadrilaterals

You can use this chart to help you classify quadrilaterals.

quadrilateral trapezoid
4 sides quadrilateral
at least one pair of parallel sides

parallelogram
trapezoid
opposite sides are parallel
opposite sides are congruent

rectangle rhombus
parallelogram parallelogram
4 right angles 4 congruent sides
2 pairs of perpendicular sides

square
rhombus
Classify the figure. rectangle

The figure has 4 sides, so it is a quadrilateral. The figure has

exactly one pair of parallel sides, so it is a trapezoid.
quadrilateral, trapezoid

Classify the quadrilateral in as many ways as possible. Write quadrilateral,

trapezoid, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, or square.

1. 2.

3. 4.

Chapter Resources 11-9 Reteach

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 Lesson 11.3
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A Quadrilateral Challenge 115° 65°

The sum of the angle measures in a quadrilateral is
always 360°. You can use subtraction to find unknown
angle measures. Each set of angle measures below
represents three known angle measures in a quadrilateral.
65° 115°
Write and solve an equation to find the unknown
measure of the fourth angle. 65˚ 1 115˚ 1 65˚ 1 115˚ 5 360˚
Known Angle Measures Unknown Angle Measure
1. 90° Add the given angle measures.
90° 90° 1 90° 1 90° 5 270°
90° Subtract the sum from 360°.
360° 2 270° 5 90°

2. 112°
56°
84°

3. 120°
90°
90°

4. 55°
55°
125°

5. 135°
45°
135°

6. 90°
55°
135°

7. 85°
90°
130°

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Three-Dimensional Figures

A polyhedron is a solid figure with faces that are polygons.

You can identify a polyhedron by the shape of its faces.
A pyramid is a polyhedron with one polygon A prism is a polyhedron with two congruent
base. The lateral faces of a pyramid are polygons as bases. The lateral faces of a
triangles that meet at a common vertex. prism are rectangles.
triangular The base triangular The two
pyramid and faces are prism bases are
triangles. triangles.

rectangular The base is a rectangular All faces are

pyramid rectangle. prism rectangles.

square The base is a square prism All faces are

pyramid square. or cube squares.

pentagonal The base is a pentagonal The two

pyramid pentagon. prism bases are
pentagons.
hexagonal The base is a hexagonal The two bases
pyramid hexagon. prism are hexagons.

A solid figure with curved surfaces is not a polyhedron.

cone The one base cylinder The two
is a circle. bases are
circles.
sphere There is no
base.

Classify the solid figure. Write prism, pyramid, cone, cylinder, or sphere.

The solid figure has one base.

The rest of its faces are triangles.

So, the solid figure is a pyramid .

Classify each solid figure. Write prism, pyramid, cone, cylinder, or sphere.

1. 2. 3. 4.

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 Lesson 11.4
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In Fit Shape
Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the correct
term for each clue.

3 4

5 6

7 8

ACROSS DOWN
6. A solid figure with faces that are 1. A cube has six congruent faces that are
polygons. all .
7. This solid figure has three pairs of parallel 2. Polygons that have the same shape and
faces, and all faces are congruent. size are .
8. A solid figure that has two congruent 3. A solid figure with one circular base
polygons as bases and lateral faces that and one curved surface.
are rectangles. 4. A solid figure that has two circular
9. A solid figure without any bases and bases and one curved surface.
with only one curved surface. 5. A flat surface of a solid figure.

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Unit Cubes and Solid Figures

A unit cube is a cube that has a length, width,

1 unit
and height of 1 unit. You can use unit cubes to
1 unit 1 unit
build a rectangular prism.

Count the number of cubes used to build the rectangular prism.

The length of the prism is made up of 8 unit cubes.

The width of the prism is made up of 2 unit cubes.
The height of the prism is made up of 1 unit cube.
The number of unit cubes used to build the
rectangular prism is 16 .

Count the number of unit cubes used to build each solid figure.
1. 2.

unit cubes unit cubes

3. 4.

unit cubes unit cubes

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 Lesson 11.5
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Unit Cubes
For each solid figure, write the fraction of unit cubes that
are shaded. Write each fraction in simplest form. Assume that
cubes you cannot see are not shaded.
1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. Stretch Your Thinking In the fraction you wrote for Exercise 1, what
does the denominator represent?

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Understand Volume

The volume of a rectangular prism is equal to the number of

unit cubes that make up the prism. Each unit cube has a
volume of 1 cubic unit.
Find the volume of the prism. 1 unit cube 5 1 cubic inch

Step 1 Count the number of unit cubes in the bottom layer of the prism.
There are 4 unit cubes that make up the length of the first layer.
There are 2 unit cubes that make up the width of the first layer.
There is 1 unit cube that makes up the height of the first layer.
So, altogether, there are 8 unit cubes that make up
the bottom layer of the prism.
Step 2 Count the number of layers of cubes that make up the prism.
The prism is made up of 3 layers of unit cubes.
Step 3 Find the total number of cubes that fill the prism.
Multiply the number of layers by the number of cubes in each layer.
3 3 8 5 24 unit cubes
Each unit cube has a volume of 1 cubic inch. So, the volume of
the prism is 24 3 1, or 24 cubic inches.

Use the unit given. Find the volume.

1. 2.

3 ft
4 cm

3 ft
5 ft 3 cm
6 cm
Each cube 5 1 cu ft Each cube 5 1 cu cm

Volume 5 cu Volume 5 cu
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 Lesson 11.6
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Volume of Irregular Figures

Use the unit given. Find the volume.

1. 2.

Each cube 5 1 cu cm Each cube 5 1 cu in.

Volume 5 Volume 5

3. 4.

Each cube 5 1 cu ft Each cube 5 1 cu yd

Volume 5 Volume 5

5. Explain how you found the volume of the figure in Exercise 4.

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 Lesson 11.7
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Estimate Volume

You can estimate the volume of a larger box by filling it

with smaller boxes.

Mario packs boxes of markers into a large box. The volume

of each box of markers is 15 cubic inches. Estimate the
volume of the large box.

Markers Markers
Markers Markers

The volume of one box of markers is 15 cubic inches.

Use the box of markers to estimate the volume of the large box.

• The large box holds 2 layers of boxes of markers, a top

layer and a bottom layer. Each layer contains 10 boxes of markers.
So, the large box holds about 2 3 10, or 20 boxes of markers.

• Multiply the volume of 1 box of markers by the estimated

number of boxes of markers that fit in the large box.
20 3 15 5 300
So, the volume of the large box is about 300 cubic inches.

Estimate the volume.

1. Each box of toothpaste has a volume 2. Volume of CD case: 80 cu cm
of 25 cubic inches.

CD CD CD CD CD
Toothpaste Toothpaste
CD CD CD CD CD
Toothpaste Toothpaste
CD CD CD CD CD
Toothpaste Toothpaste
CD CD CD CD CD

There are boxes of toothpaste

in the large box.
The estimated volume of the large box Volume of large box:

is 3 25 5 cubic inches.
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 Lesson 11.7
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What Will Fit?

A cubic centimeter is 1 cm long on each edge. A cubic decimeter
is 10 cm long on each edge. A cubic meter is 1 m long on each edge.

Estimate the smallest unit cube that will hold each object. Choose from
a cubic centimeter, a cubic decimeter, and a cubic meter.

1. a grain of rice

2. an orange

3. a basketball

4. a pebble

5. a cell phone

6. a textbook

7. a key

8. a backpack

9. a paper clip

10. a raisin

11. an iron

12. a can of paint

13. a crayon

14. a staple

15. a stick of gum

16. Stretch Your Thinking How many cubic centimeters do you

need to fill a cubic decimeter? How many cubic centimeters
do you need to fill a cubic meter?

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 Lesson 11.8
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Volume of Rectangular Prisms

Jorge wants to find the volume of this rectangular prism.

He can use cubes that measure 1 centimeter on each side
to find the volume. 4 cm

Step 1 The base has a length of 2 centimeters

and a width of 3 centimeters. Multiply to find the area 3 cm
of the base. 2 cm
Base 5 2 3 3
Base 5 6 cm2

Step 2 The height of the prism is 4 centimeters. Add the 3

number of cubes in each layer to find the volume.
2
Remember: Each layer has 6 cubes.

Step 3 Count the cubes. 24 cubes

Multiply the base and the height to check your answer.
Volume 5 6 3 4
Volume 5 24 cubic centimeters

So, the volume of Jorge’s rectangular prism is 24 cubic centimeters.

Find the volume.

1. 2.
3 cm 2 ft
2 ft
2 cm 5 ft
3 cm

Volume: Volume:

3. 4.

4 in. 3 cm
3 cm
2 in. 6 cm
4 in.

Volume: Volume:

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 Lesson 11.8
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Unknown Dimensions
Find the unknown dimensions. Use whole numbers only.

1. A rectangular prism has a volume of 2. A rectangular prism has a volume of

96 ft3. The area of the base is 24 ft2. 729 ft3. The length, width, and height
What is the height of the prism? are all the same. What is the length of
each side of the prism?

3. A rectangular prism has a volume of 4. A rectangular prism has a volume of

175 in3. The height of the prism is 144 cm3. The base is a square with a
7 in. The base is a square. What is the length of 4 cm. What is the height of
length of a side of the base? the prism?

5. A rectangular prism has a volume of 6. A rectangular prism has a volume of

189 cm3. The height of the prism is 160 cm3. The height of the prism is
3 cm. What are the dimensions of 5 cm. The length is twice the width.
the base? What are the dimensions of the base?
length 5 length 5
width 5 width 5

7. A rectangular prism has a volume of 8. A rectangular prism has a volume of

384 cm3. The width is twice the height, 432 in3. The height of the prism is 9 in.
and the length is three times the What are the dimensions of the base?
height. What are the dimensions of length 5
the prism?
width 5
length 5
width 5
height 5

9. Stretch Your Thinking For Exercise 8, what are other possible

dimensions for the base?

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 Lesson 11.9
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Algebra • Apply Volume Formulas

You can use a formula to find the volume of a rectangular prism.

Volume 5 length 3 width 3 height

V 5(l 3 w) 3 h

Find the volume of the rectangular prism.

4 in.
Step 1 Identify the length, width, and height
of the rectangular prism.
3 in.
9 in. width 5 3 in. height 5 4 in. 9 in.
length 5

Step 2 Substitute the values of the length, width, and height

into the formula.

V 5 (l 3 w) 3 h
V5( 9 3 3 )3 4
Step 3 Multiply the length by the width.

V 5 (9 3 3) 3 4
V 5 27 3 4

Step 4 Multiply the product of the length and width by the height.

V 5 27 3 4
5 108

So, the volume of the rectangular prism is 108 cubic inches.

Find the volume.

1. 2.
5 ft 8 cm

8 cm
4 ft 8 cm
12 ft

V5 V5

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 Lesson 11.9
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What Is the Volume?

The dimensions of a rectangular prism are given.
Find the volume of the prism.

1. length 5 2 feet, width 5 15 inches, height 5 8 inches

V5

2. length 5 4 yards, width 5 7 feet, height 5 3 feet

V5

3. length 5 9 centimeters, width 5 35 millimeters, height 5 7 centimeters

V5

4. length 5 1 yard, width 5 2 feet, height 5 18 inches

V5

5. length 5 1 meter, width 5 3 decimeters, height 5 8 centimeters

V5

6. length 5 9 feet, width 5 2 yards, height 5 36 inches

V5

7. Stretch Your Thinking What cubic unit did you use in your
answer to Exercise 6? Express the volume in a different cubic unit.

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Problem Solving • Compare Volumes

A company makes aquariums that come in three sizes of rectangular
prisms. The length of each aquarium is three times its width and
depth. The depths of the aquariums are 1 foot, 2 feet, and 3 feet.
What is the volume of each aquarium?

Read the Problem Solve the Problem

What do I need to find? Think: The depth of an aquarium is the

same as the height of the prism formed by
I need to find the volume of each aquarium. the aquarium
What information do I need to use?
Depth, or
I can use the formula for volume, Length Width Height Volume
V 5 l 3 w 3 h, or V 5 B 3 h . I can
(ft) (ft) (ft) (cu ft)

1 ft, 2 ft, and 3 ft 3 1 1 3

use as the depths.
6 2 2 24
I can use the clues the length is three times
9 3 3 81
the width and depth .
How will I use the information? So, the volumes of the aquariums
are 3 cubic feet, 24 cubic feet, and
I will use the volume formula and a table
81 cubic feet.
to list all of the possible combinations of
lengths, widths, and depths.

1. Jamie needs a bin for her school 2. Suppose the blue bin that Jamie found
supplies. A blue bin has a length of had a length of 5 inches, a width of
12 inches, a width of 5 inches, and a 5 inches, and a height of 12 inches.
height of 4 inches. A green bin has a Would one bin have a greater volume
length of 10 inches, a width of 6 inches, than the other? Explain.
and a height of 5 inches. What is the
volume of the bin with the greatest
volume?

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 Lesson 11.10
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The Gift of Volume

Leah and Wayne are sending presents in the mail. Boxes A, B, and C
are shipping boxes. Find the volume of each shipping box. Then solve
each problem below.

A. B. C.

6 in.
15 in. 16 in.
6 in.
15 in. 14 in. 9 in.
15 in. 10 in.

Volume of A: Volume of B: Volume of C:

1. 2. 3.
5 in. 4 in.
5 in. 3 in. 3 in.
3 in. 5 in.
5 in. 7 in.

Volume: Volume: Volume:

How many of these boxes How many of these boxes How many of these boxes
can fit into Box A? can fit into Box B? can fit into Box C?

4. 5. 6.
2 in.
2 in. 3 in. 8 in.
7 in. 16 in.
2 in.
12 in.
8 in.

Volume: Volume: Volume:

After Leah packs this present After Leah packs 10 of After Wayne packs 3 of these
in Box A, what is the volume these presents in Box B, presents in Box C, what is
left to pack other presents? what is the volume left to the volume left to pack other
pack other presents? presents?

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 Lesson 11.11
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Find Volume of Composed Figures

A composite figure is a solid made up of two or more solids. To find the

volume of a composite figure, first find the volume of each solid that
makes up the figure. Then find the sum of the volumes of the figures.
4 in.
Find the volume of the composite figure at right.

Step 1 Break apart the composite figure into two

rectangular prisms. Label the dimensions 4 in.
of each prism. 8 in.
8 in.
Prism 1 Prism 2
20 in.

4 in.
4 in.
8 in.

8 in.
4 in.
20 in.

Step 2 Find the volume of each prism.

Prism 1 Prism 2
V 5 (l 3 w) 3 h V 5 (l 3 w) 3 h
V5 4 3 8 3 4 V 5 20 3 8 3 4
V 5 128 in.3 V 5 640 in.3

Step 3 Find the sum of the volumes of the two prisms.

Volume of Prism 1 1 Volume of Prism 2 5 Volume of Composite Figure

128 in.3 1 640 in.3 5 Volume of Composite Figure
3
768 in. 5 Volume of Composite Figure

So, the volume of the composite figure is 768 in.3

Find the volume of the composite figure.

1. 12 ft 2.
7 in.

10 ft 8 ft 12 ft 1 in.
4 in.
8 ft 3 in.
4 ft
28 ft 6 in.

V5 V5

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 Lesson 11.11
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Finding Unknown Side Lengths

The volume of each composite figure is given. Find the
unknown side length.

1. Volume 5 378 in.3 2. Volume 5 2,400 ft3

(']k
3 in.

-]k (-]k
?
9 in.
6 in. ?
15 in. +]k (']k
)+]k

3. Volume 5 768 ft3 4. Volume 5 864 cm3

6 ft 20 cm

? 6 cm

4 ft 8 ft 4 cm ?
18 ft 6 cm

5. Explain how you found the unknown side length

of the composite figure in Exercise 3.

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