Our Country - India

Grade 6
Class Notes

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 Our Country - India

1 Introduction

2 Location and Extent

3 Indian Standard meridian

4 Borders of India

5 Political Divisions of India

6 Physical Divisions of India

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 Our Country - India

1. Introduction
• India has a large and diverse geographical area.
• There is a wide range of climate, plant life, wildlife,
as well as languages and cultures.
• India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km.
• Since 2011, India's population has been more than
1.2 billion, making it the second most populated
country globally, just behind China.

Northern Hemisphere

East
tern Hemisphere

ern Hemisphere
Wes

Southern Hemisphere

India is located in the eastern as well

as northern hemisphere

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 Our Country - India

2. Location and Extent

37° 6’ N

97° 25’ E

68° 7’ E

8° 4’ N

• Latitudes: Extends from 8 degree and 4 minutes

north to 37 degree and 6 minutes north.
• Longitudes: Extends from 68 degree and 7 minutes
east to 97 degree 25 minutes east.
37°6’N

97°25’E

68°7 E’

8°4’ N

• From west to east, India extends 2900 kilometers.

• From North to south, India extends 3200 kilometers.

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 Our Country - India

3. Indian Standard Meridian

68°7'E 8212°E 97°25'E

• It is a longitude that passes through the middle of

country from a city in Uttar Pradesh called Mirzapur.
• The time of this longitude is chosen as the time for the
whole country.
Calculating Local Time
• 360°: 1 rotation in 24 hours
• 24 hours = 24 × 60 = 1440
minutes
• 360° in 1440 minutes
• 1440/360 = 4 minutes per
degree
• Different longitudes experience different local times.
• The sun rises about two hours earlier in the east
(Arunachal Pradesh) than in the west (Gujarat)

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 Our Country - India

4. Borders of India

Ocean borders
• Western side: Arabian sea
• Eastern side: Bay of Bengal
Arabian Bay of • Southern side: Indian Ocean
sea Bengal

Indian Ocean

Neighbouring Countries of India

Afghanistan

China

Pakistan Nepal

Bhutan

Myanmar

Bangladesh

• There are seven countries that share land boundaries

with India: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan.

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 Our Country - India

5. Political Divisions of India

• India is divided into 28 states

and 8 union territories.

5.1 States and UTs of Northern India

States
Jammu &
Kashmir
Ladakh • Punjab
Chandigarh Himachal Pradesh
• Haryana
Punjab Uttarakhand
• Himachal Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Haryana • Uttarakhand
New Delhi
• Uttar Pradesh
Union Territories
• Ladakh
• Jammu & Kashmir
• Delhi
• Chandigarh

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 Our Country - India

5.2 States and UTs of Western India

States
• Rajasthan
• Gujarat
Rajasthan
• Maharashtra
Gujarat
• Goa
Daman & Diu
and Dadra & Union Territories
Nagar Haveli Maharashtra
• Daman & Diu and
Goa Dadra& Nagar
Haveli.

5.3 States of Central India

States
• Madhya
Madhya Pradesh Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
• Chhattisgarh.

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 Our Country - India

5.4 States of Eastern India

States
Bihar • Bihar
Jharkhand West Bengal • Jharkhand
Odisha
• West Bengal
• Odisha .

5.5 States of Central India

States
• Andhra Pradesh,
• Telengana,
Andhra Pradesh • Karnataka,
Puducherry • Kerala
Telangana
• Tamil Nadu.
Karnataka

Andaman and Union Territories

Lakshadweep Nicobar
• Puducherry
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
• Lakshadweep
• Andaman&
Nicobar Islands.

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 Our Country - India

5.6 States of Eastern India

States
Arunachal Pradesh
Nagaland • Sikkim
• Arunachal Pradesh
Sikkim

Assam • Assam
Meghalaya
• Nagaland
Tripura
Manipur
• Manipur
Mizoram
• Mizoram
• Tripura
• Meghalaya.

6. Physical Divisions of India

Himalayas

Great Indian
desert

Peninsular
Plateau

Western Coastal Eastern

Plains Coastal Plains

Island Groups Island Groups

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 Our Country - India

6.1 Himalayas
The
Greater Himalayas
Himalayas Lesser
Himalayas
Shiwaliks

Greater Himalayas
• The northernmost of these
ranges is called the Great
Himalayas.
• It is also called Himadri.
world’s highest peaks are
located in this range

Middle Himalayas
• This area is known as the
middle Himalayas.
• It's situated to the south of the
Great Himalayas
• Many famous hill stations are
found here, including Shimla,
Kullu, and Manali.

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 Our Country - India

Shiwalik

• Shiwaliks are the

southernmost range

6.2 Northern Plains

Indus

Brahmaputra

Northern Plains
Ganga

• The flat and rich land

is formed by the
muddy materials
carried by rivers like
the Ganga as they
flow through the
northern plains

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 Our Country - India

6.3 Indian Desert

• Also known as the Thar
Desert
Great Indian
desert • It is a large arid region in
the northwestern part of
India.
• Extremely low rainfall
and high temperatures.
• Limited plant life, mainly
drought-resistant and
thorny shrubs.

6.4 Peninsular plateau

Aravalli hills Vindhyas

Narmada
Satpuras
Peninsular
Tapi Plateau

Eastern Ghats
Western Ghats

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 Our Country - India

Peninsular plateau
• Located to the south of the Northern Plains.
• It's a triangular piece of land with rugged terrain.
• Home to various hill ranges, including the Aravallis,
Vindhyas, and Satpuras.
• The Narmada and Tapi rivers flow through this region,
draining into the Arabian Sea, and are called west-
flowing rivers.
• The western boundary is bordered by the Western
Ghats (Sahyadris), and the eastern boundary is
flanked by the Eastern Ghats..
Western Ghats Eastern Ghats

• Also referred to as the • Long chain of hills and

Sahyadri Mountains mountains on the
eastern side of India
• It is a long and rugged.
• Continuous mountain • They run along the
eastern coast of India
range Runs along the
western edge of India. • Known for their
beautiful landscapes.
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 Our Country - India

6.5 Coastal plains

Mahanadi
Godavari
Puri
Krishna
Western Coastal Plain Eastern Coastal Plain

Kaveri

Goa

Western coastal plains Eastern coastal plains

• Western coastal • Eastern Coastal

plains are very plains are much
narrow. broader
• No Deltas are formed • Wide Deltas are
by small rivers formed by large
rivers

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 Our Country - India

6.6 Islands

Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal

Andaman &
Lakshadweep
Nicobar

• Islands are the lands which has waters

from all the sides

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 Our Country - India

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

• Andaman and Nicobar

Islands lie to the
southeastern side of
the Indian mainland.
• It lies in the Bay of
Bengal.

Lakshadweep Islands

• Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea.

• These are coral islands located off the coast of Kerala.
• Corals are skeletons of tiny marine animals called
Polyps.
• When the living polyps die, their skeletons are left.
• Other polyps grow on top of the hard skeleton which
grows higher and higher, thus forming the coral
islands.
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 Our Country - India

Important Questions

Que 1: Name the major physical divisions of India

Que 2: How many States and Union Territories are there

in India?

Que 3: Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island?

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