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Tutorial 1. Questions

Fluid Mechanics - Tutorial 1

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3 views

Tutorial 1. Questions

Fluid Mechanics - Tutorial 1

Uploaded by

tnal272
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHENG 325 TUTORIAL 1

1. Water at 20 °C (𝜌𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3) flows through an inclined 80 mm diameter pipe. At


point 1, which is located 24.5 m above a datum level, the pressure is 186 kPa and the
area-average velocity is 3.2 m/s. At point 2, which is located 9.1 m above the same
datum level, the pressure is 260 kPa.
• Which way is the flow going?
• What is the head loss between points 1 and 2?

2. Glycerine at 20 °C (𝜌𝜌 = 1264 kg/m3, 𝜇𝜇 = 1.5 kg/m.s) is to be pumped through a


horizontal smooth pipe at 3.1 m3/s. It is desired that (1) the flow be laminar and (2) the
pressure drop be no more than 100 Pa/m. What is the minimum pipe diameter
allowable?

3. The small turbine (shown below) extracts 400 W of power from the water flow (𝜌𝜌 =
1000 kg/m3, 𝜇𝜇 = 10−3 kg/m.s). Both pipes are wrought iron (𝜀𝜀 = 0.045 mm). The pipe
exits to the atmosphere. Compute the volume flow rate through the pipe. You may
assume that minor losses are negligible.

4. A 100 mm diameter smooth pipe contains an orifice plate with D:½D taps and
𝛽𝛽 = 0.4. The measured pressure drop across the orifice plate is 50 kPa for water flow
at 20 °C (𝜌𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3, 𝜇𝜇 = 10−3 kg/m.s). Estimate the flow rate and the non-
recoverable head loss.

5. A pump delivers 1500 litres per minute of water (𝜌𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3) and produces a
pressure rise of 270 kPa. If the motor driving the pump supplies 9 kW of power to the
pump shaft, what is the overall efficiency? Note that the change in kinetic and potential
energy of the fluid between the pump inlet and outlet is negligible
6. In a test of the centrifugal pump shown, the pressure at the inlet of the pump is
measured to be 𝑃𝑃1 = 15 kPa, whilst the pressure at the outlet is measured as 𝑃𝑃2 = 75
kPa. The pipe diameters at the inlet and outlet are 𝐷𝐷1 = 120 mm and 𝐷𝐷2 = 50 mm.
The outlet is 650 mm higher than the inlet. The flow rate is 12 L/s of light oil which
has density of 910 kg/m3. Estimate the input shaft power required if the pump
converts 75% of the energy it receives to useful work input to the fluid. Assume that
the flow is turbulent at the pump inlet and outlets.

7. A family of centrifugal pumps is available from a pump manufacturer who has supplied
the non-dimensional performance data shown below. From this data, select an
appropriate combination of flow and head coefficient in order to maximise efficiency,
and hence calculate the size of the pump required (diameter D), its rotational speed of
operation (n in revs per second) and the input shaft power required for delivery of a
flowrate of 10-2 m3/s with a pump head of 10 m.

10 1
η
8 0.8
CW

CHS
6 CHS 0.6
CH

CW η
4 0.4
CH
2 0.2

0 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
CQ
8. A centrifugal pump with a 370 mm diameter impeller, running at 2140 r/min with
water (𝜌𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3), produces the performance data shown below.
(a) Complete the table below and plot 𝐶𝐶𝐻𝐻 , 𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊 , and 𝜂𝜂 versus 𝐶𝐶𝑄𝑄 .
(b) Determine the head, power and volume flow rate when the pump is operating at
best efficiency. (There is no need to interpolate – just select the closest values
from the table.)

∀̇ (m3/s) 𝐻𝐻 (m) 𝑊𝑊̇pump,shaft , 𝐶𝐶𝑄𝑄 𝐶𝐶𝐻𝐻 𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊 𝜂𝜂


(kW)
0 105 100
0.05 104 115
0.10 102 135
0.15 100 171
0.20 95 202
0.25 85 228
0.30 67 249
7.00 1.00

0.90
6.00
0.80

5.00 0.70

0.60
4.00

CW, η
CH

0.50

3.00
0.40

2.00 0.30

0.20
1.00
0.10

0.00 0.00
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18

CQ

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