Lecture 3

3.
DAYLIGHT DESIGN
.
1 SHAPE & LAYOUTS OF BUILDING
• Distribution of Daylight directly

depends on shape & layout of
buildings
• Narrow <10m building allow
complete penetration of day light (
Match box type)
• Atrium & light well allow deep

penetration of day light in centre of
building
• Stepped, sloped building project
day light in upper floors deeply
(TIA, CEDA)
• U,H,E hollow rectangular etc

project light uniformly inside
building
2. LOCATION, SHAPE & SIZE OF OPENINGS
Day lighting opening system:
1. Side lighting – from wall

• Unilateral ( 1 side)
• Bilateral ( 2 side)
• Trilateral ( 3 side)
2 LOCATION, SHAPE & SIZE OF OPENINGS
2. Top lighting – from roof
Unilateral, Bilateral, Central, atrium skylight, clerestory
3
Unilateral Central Side lighting:
• Opening with centrally located
(French window)
• Low sill height

• More light can project on to
floor
• Better uniform distribution of

Day lighting
• Provide outdoor view as

television for interior
• Living room
Side lighting with Wide or Narrow Openings:
• Wide Opening provide greater

depth of light penetration than
narrow opening
• Long & narrow opening generally

More light can project on to floor
Side lighting Vs Depth of a room:
D = 2.5 x H, where, D= Depth of a room, H = height of opening
if H = 2m, D = 2.5 x 2m = 5m
3 Orientation of building & openings
• In hilly & mountain region of Nepal, all
traditional buildings, settlement &
opening oriented towards Sun
• i.e. – Tansen, Dharan, Khalanga
• In Nepal, all mountain in East-west axis
• 2 slopes – north & south
• South slope – Sunlight & wet ( due to

rainfall)
• North slope – No Sunlight & dry (due to no
rainfall)
• Cold breezes from North side
• No or very small openings towards North
•
7
3.4 THE DESIGN SKY
S.NO PLACE LATITUDE ILLUMINANCE (Lux)
1 LONDON 52 N 5000 Lux Near polar

2 HOBART 43 5500 Lux
3 SYDNEY 33 S 8000 Lux Near subtropical
4 BRISBANE 27 S 10000 Lux
5 DARWIN 10 S 15000 Lux
6 NAIROBI 1 18000 Lux Near Equator
Recommended Lighting Level for different task
S.No Space Illumina

. tion
(Lux)
1 Dwelling 50 - 150
2 Casual seeing – 70 - 100
corridor
3 Rough task - Store 200
room
4 Ordinary task - 400
Office, retail shop,
bank, library
5 Drawing, sewing 600
works
6 Assembling works & 900
hand tailoring
7 Watch & instrument 2000 -
making 3000
4. Artificial lighting design
4.1. Objectives:
• Used for functional purpose
• & decoration purpose in Interior
• Interior design with artificial
lamps for decoration
• Create mood with colour lamps
• direct & indirect lighting design
• Residence, restaurant, hotels,
• Discotheque, theatre etc.
4.2Electric light sources
1. Incandescent lamp
• Also known as filament bulb
• Invented 1879- Thomas Edison
• A current passes through a tungsten
filament
• Heated & emit light due to
• Thermo-luminance effect
• 5% light & 95% heat
• Efficiency > 10-16 Lm/watt
Advantages:
• Use in household works
• For functional & decorative purpose with
luminaries
• Warm color & many colors
• Different watts
• Same socket with simple fixture
• Concentrated to desire surface
2. Fluorescent lamp
• Also known as tube lamp
• Invented 1930 – French scientist
• Electric discharge takes place Advantages:
between 2 electrodes through low • Use in school, college, hospital,
office, commercial & industrial
pressure mercury vapour buildings
• & excited gas emit an ultraviolet ray • Functional purpose with high level
which absorbed by fluorescent ( of general lighting
phosphor) coating & reemit at visible • Much more efficient than
wave length incandescent
• Long lasting, cool light, use less
• Energy > 21% light & 79% heat electricity, efficient
• Efficiency > 40-70 Lm/watt • Diffuse light & uniform
• 40W> 2400 Lm • Comfortable to human eyes
Disadvantages: • Less glare & less shadow
• Compare to incandescent lamp
• Only one color – white
• Can not focus only one surface
• Long
• Not use for decorative purpose
3.Energy efficient lamp - CFL
• Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) - energy-

saving light
• CFL - designed to replace fluorescent lamp
• curved tube which fit into space of an
incandescent bulb
• CFL - use 1/5 to 1/3 the electric power
than fluorescent lamp
• save 5 times in electricity
• 5 watt CFL = 25 W fluorescent lamps
• last 8 to 15 times longer
• higher price than an incandescent lamp,
• Use in household & office, commercial &
industrial buildings
4. Other lamps:
• Light emitting Diodes
(LED)
• Sodium and Mercury
discharge lamps
4.3 Interior lighting design
• 5 TYPES OF LIGHTING
SYSTEM IN INTERIOR:
1. Direct lighting
2. Indirect lighting
3. Direct Indirect (Diffuse lighting)
4. Semi-direct
5. Semi-indirect
5 TYPES OF LIGHTING SYSTEM IN INTERIOR:
1. Direct Lighting:
About 90-100%light is received
by direct lighting system.
2. Indirect lighting:
DIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM
Light received is reflected
from ceiling, wall, etc. only
10% of light is received on
lower part while 90% toward
ceiling. This type of light is
pleasing for eyes.
INDIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM
3. Direct indirect lighting:
This system provides general
diffusing light and about 10-60%
light is received by this system.
DIRECT-INDIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

4. Semi-indirect lighting :
This type of lighting is more
decorative and less functional and
about 10-30% direct light and 60-
90% reflected light is received by
this system.
SEMI-INDIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

5. Semi-direct lighting:
This type of lighting system is
more functional and less
decorative type. About 60-90%
direct light is received and 10-
30% reflected light is received.
SEMI-DIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM
Different types of luminaries used in
the theatre/ studios/ cinema hall:
1. Spot light:
• Spotlight is used in theatre for
focusing the character in the play.
• These lights have high intensity.
Similarly these are used to create
dramatic environment.
• These are placed above, side and
front of the stage. These are placed
in the row arrangement.
• These lights can be controlled both
manually and mechanically.
2. Dimmer:
• Dimmer are used to
control the light
intensity.
• Dimmer does not
close at a time
whereas it closes
light slowly.
3. Recessed light:
• Recessed light are
attached to the false
ceiling.
• It is closed at the time
of show.
4. Footlight:
• Footlight are place at
the pathway or
stairs. It lights the
pathway.
Assignment
1. What are the components of day light
factors?
2. Describe about the lighting systems used in
interior.
3. Write about the luminaries used in theatres
and halls.
4. Report on LED and Sodium And Mercury
discharge lamps. ( in word or PDF format)

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3.

• Distribution of Daylight directly

• Atrium & light well allow deep

• U,H,E hollow rectangular etc

Day lighting opening system:

1. Side lighting – from wall

• Low sill height

• Better uniform distribution of

• Provide outdoor view as

• Wide Opening provide greater

• Long & narrow opening generally

• South slope – Sunlight & wet ( due to

S.NO PLACE LATITUDE ILLUMINANCE (Lux)

1 LONDON 52 N 5000 Lux Near polar

S.No Space Illumina

• Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) - energy-

DIRECT-INDIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

SEMI-INDIRECT LIGHTING SYSTEM

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