Information

Technology

Dr.techn. Apitchaka Singjai

[email protected]
Software Engineering
 The way we work, learn, and
even socialize has been
transformed by information
technology.
Do you think understanding how
it works will be even more crucial
in the years to come?
DIGITAL LITERACY
 Information technology (IT) has become the
backbone of our modern world. It

Why is it encompasses hardware, software, and

networks that work together to store,
retrieve, transmit, and manipulate

important? information. IT plays a crucial role in every

aspect of our lives, from revolutionizing
communication and access to information to
DIGITAL LITERACY automating tasks and driving innovation
across all sectors. Understanding IT
empowers us to navigate this digital
landscape effectively, participate in the
NECESSARY"KEY" SKILL FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
STUDENTS, ACCORDING TOCOMPUTING RESEARCH global information exchange, and contribute
to the ever-evolving world of technology.
What
do we
study?
"Explore the fundamental concepts, history, and components of the rapidly
evolving field of Information Technology (IT) and its transformative impact on
society.”

DIGITAL LITERACY
Fundamental
Concepts
 Information
• Mainly refers to textual information, also
information sources published in print or digital
form.
• Buckland’s conceptual analysis of ‘information’
(1991) divide information literacy purposes into:
1) Information as process (informing or being
informed).
2) Information as knowledge (communicated
through the process).
3) Information as thing (physical entity).
6
 Literacy
“…the ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate and compute, using
printed and written materials associated with
varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum
of learning enabling an individual to achieve his
or her goals, develop his or her knowledge or
potentials, and to participate fully in the
community and wider society
(UNESCO, 2005).”
7
Information Literacy: Definition
• The ability to search for, select, critically evaluate
and use information for solving problems in
various contexts.
• A way of learning: lifelong learning.
(Bruce, 2003)

8
Information Literacy:
Goal for Learning

Object of Object of
Teaching Learning

9
 Information Literacy
• It can help processing the tacit knowledge to develop the new
explicit knowledge.
Explicit Knowledge - Data, information
- Documents
5% - Records
- Files

Tacit Knowledge - Experience

- Thinking
95% - Competence
- Commitment
- Deed 10
 Model 1: Information Literacy Process
• It can refer to knowledge,
Technology ability, and skills in accessing
to information technology,
evaluate the information and
use it smartly.
Critical thinking Synthesis
• Information literate person
needs to have various skills
such as critical thinking skills
and/or language skills,
computer skills, etc.
Problem solving Communication
11
 Model 2: Information Literacy Standards
Information Literacy: Defined by UNESCO
Access 1. Definition and articulation of information needs:
Recognize information needs
2. Location of information: Locate the information
Elements-standard

3. Assessment of information: Evaluate the quality of

Evaluation

information
4. Organization of information: Store and retrieve
information
5. Use of information: Make effective and ethical use of
information
Use

6. Communication and ethical use of 12

information :
Understand the socio-cultural, legal, and economic issues.
 Model 3: The Seven Pillars of Information
Literacy
• Seven core skills and competencies (ability) and
attitudes and behaviors (understanding) in the
model are the core information literacy
development in higher education.

13
 14

(Bent & Stubbings, 2011)

 Pillars Description

1. Identify
Able to identify a personal need for information
2. Scope
Can assess current knowledge and identify gaps
3. Plan Can construct strategies for locating information and data
4. Gather
Can locate and access the information and data they need
5. Evaluate
Can review the research process and compare and evaluate
information and data
6. Manage
Can organize information professionally and ethically
7. Present
Can apply the knowledge gained: presenting the results of
their research, synthesizing new and old information and data
to create new knowledge and presenting it in a variety of
ways
15
What is Information Technology?

Fundamental Elements Enabling Technologies Data Management

Information Technology IT leverages cutting-edge A core function of IT is the efficient
encompasses the hardware, technologies, such as computers, efficient storage, retrieval, and
software, and networks that enable computers, mobile devices, and the analysis of vast amounts of digital
enable the processing, storage, and and the internet, to automate tasks digital data to generate insights and
storage, and exchange of digital tasks and enhance human insights and support decision-
digital information. capabilities. making.

According to the Royal Institute Dictionary:

News, information declaration
News, fact, data, knowledge by survey, study, or teaching
 Information
• Data or Raw Data
– Commonly, it means “Fact” occurring
– Computer field, means fact which is
gathered and has its meaning.
– Information
– Use gathering information to work
through process for the benefit in
decision making.
17
 Data vs Information

Data Information
• Raw data is collected from • Information gained
various resources in and out through the process in the
of the organization or even format that is stored in a
situations occurring in daily systematic way.
life. • The results can be used to
• Raw data has no meaning support the decision
and is not ready to use until making.
it is processed in order to
gain the desires outcomes.
18
Information Sources of Information Technology
Information for IT is categorized into 3 sources as follows:
▫ Primary Source: The information gathered from direct
sources as the academic information technology.
▫ Secondary Source: The gathering information technology
which reproduced from the primary source as the summary
form.
▫ Tertiary Source: The information technology for searching
of primary and secondary sources with the benefits of
specific information, i.e. bibliography. 19
Information Sources of Information Technology

• Classified by storage media: classification

based on the media to store the information
or invented technology by human.
– Printed media
– Digital media
– Visual media
20
 Technology
 “Technology” is derived from 2 Greek words:
– Technique - refers to the art/craft, particular ability,
or method that used to achieve something.
– Logic - refers to be valid rational thoughts or
knowledge based on good judgement.
– Technology means “the purposeful application of
information in design, production, and utilization of
goods and services (Business Dictionary).”
Ex. Computer Technology, Information
Communication Technology, Network Technology
21
Information Technology

Definition:
All sorts of technology that
support information storing,
processing, manipulating,
and transmitting.
22
 Information + Technology

Fact / Data Process Information

Interpretation and value creation

Information Technology
IT integrates computer technology and
information communication technology (ICT) to
collect, search, store, create data, and publish
information efficiently with accuracy and speed. It can
be used to support the decision-making process.
23
Relating Technology

Computer Technology:
–An electronic machine operating by the
instructions stored in the internal
memory unit.
–The information technology system can
be used for importing data (input), data
processing, and data display (output).
24
Relating Technology
Communication Technology
• The communication technology, i.e. phone system, satellite system, radio,
television, and telegram.
• Communication technology helps disseminating information in different forms
or sources.

25
History
The History and Evolution of Information
Information Technology
Early Beginnings
1 The roots of Information Technology can be traced back to the invention of the first mechanical
mechanical computers in the 19th century.

Computing Revolution
2 The development of electronic computers in the mid-20th century sparked a
sparked a revolution, leading to the rise of personal computing.

Digital Transformation
The widespread adoption of the internet in the 1990s and 2000s
3
ushered in a new era of interconnectivity and digital
transformation.

Emerging Technologies
Today, IT continues to evolve with cutting-edge
4
advancements in areas like artificial intelligence,
cloud computing, and the Internet of Things.

Information Technology has come a long way since its early roots in mechanical devices and punch cards. Through the
computing revolution, the rise of personal computers, and the digital transformation driven by the internet, IT has
become a fundamental part of modern society, constantly evolving to embrace new and emerging technologies.
Transformative
Impacts on Society
The Role of Information Technology in Society

Information Technology (IT) has become deeply integrated into the fabric of modern society, serving as a powerful
enabler for a wide range of societal functions and transformations.

From facilitating seamless communication and collaboration to driving innovation and efficiency across industries, IT
plays a crucial role in shaping the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us.
The Impact of Information Technology on
Education
Enhancing Remote and Data-Driven Expanding Access
Learning Hybrid Learning Decisions

Information The COVID-19 IT-powered analytics Online courses, virtual

Technology has pandemic has and data visualization classrooms, and
transformed education accelerated the empower educators to distance education
by providing interactive adoption of remote make more informed initiatives leveraging IT
digital tools, online and hybrid learning decisions, tailor have increased access
resources, and models, enabled by instruction, and to quality educational
personalized learning video conferencing, optimize learning resources, especially
experiences that cloud-based outcomes based on for underserved
engage students and collaboration, and real-time student communities.
enhance knowledge adaptive learning performance data.
retention. platforms.
The Impact of Information Technology on
Healthcare
Improved Diagnostics Telehealth and Remote Care
Advanced imaging technologies and AI-powered Video consultations, remote patient monitoring,
analysis of medical data enable faster, more and digital therapeutics expand access to
accurate diagnoses, leading to better patient healthcare, especially for underserved or
outcomes. geographically isolated communities.

Electronic Health Records Streamlined Operations

Digitized patient records and cloud-based data IT-driven automation and optimization of
storage improve information sharing, facilitate administrative tasks, like scheduling and billing,
coordinated care, and enhance medical decision- increase efficiency and reduce healthcare costs.
making.
The Impact of Information Technology on
Business

Increased Data-Driven Insights Global Connectivity Cost Savings

Productivity IT-enabled process
IT-driven automation, Advanced analytics, Digital platforms, cloud automation, remote
streamlined workflows, business intelligence, computing, and work capabilities, and
and enhanced and data visualization ubiquitous internet reduced infrastructure
collaboration tools empower companies to access have expanded costs help businesses
enable businesses to make more informed, the reach of businesses, optimize their
accomplish more in less data-driven decisions allowing them to operations and achieve
time, boosting overall that drive strategic connect with customers significant cost savings.
productivity and growth and innovation. and partners worldwide.
efficiency.
The Impact of Information Technology on
Communication
Instant Global Reach Seamless Collaboration
Digital communication platforms and social media Cloud-based tools and video conferencing facilitate
enable instantaneous, borderless exchange of real-time, remote collaboration, empowering
information, ideas, and content, connecting people distributed teams to work together effectively.
worldwide.

Personalized Experiences Accessibility Expanded

Intelligent algorithms and data-driven Assistive technologies and multilingual support in
personalization enhance the relevance and communication apps and websites ensure inclusive
engagement of digital communication, tailoring access for users with diverse needs.
content and interactions.
The Importance of Information Technology
•Help organizing the enormous amount of information.
•Improve the efficiency of information technology
processing, such as the calculation of the complicated
number.
•Help storing and retrieving information.
•Help processing the information.
•Help accessing information faster and more efficiently.
•Help communication process by reducing barriers of
time and distance using the phone system and internet.
34
The Importance of Information Technology
• IT has the remarkable features in every field due to
the rapid growth of new technology.

• Internet is the network used for connecting the world

24-7 by communicating via e-mails, websites, online
chat, online games, web database, etc.

• Mobile uses information technology to similarly to

the computer, but more flexible, portable, with better
network connection. 35
The Importance of Information Technology
• Manufacture uses information technology to
increase productivity and effectively control
automated machines in the production process.

• Business sector needs information technology

system to support the administration tasks,
manage the resources, as well as analyzing data
to support their decision making.

36
 Positive Impact
• Support education
• Encourage new research
• Promote better health and well-being
• Promote human intelligence
• Promote economic
• Contribute to a better understanding among
people

37
 Negative Impact
• Technology crime
• Degenerate the relationship of human
• Cause anxiety
• Cause a risk to the business
• Allow the development of more advanced weapons
for massive destruction
• Cause the spread of culture and inappropriate
dissemination
• Cause moral problems
• Cause health problems

38
SUMMARY

The magic behind our digital world, utilizes IT’s goal is

hardware, software, and networks to manage
information, shaping how we communicate,
access knowledge, and do business.
TO LEVERAGE TECHNOLOGY TO
IMPROVE EFFICIENCY,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND PROBLEM-
SOLVING ACROSS VARIOUS
ASPECTS OF LIFE.
 References
Bent, M., & Stubbings, R. (2011). The SCONUL Seven Pillars of Information Literacy:
Core Model.
Buckland, Michael (1991). INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Westport,
Conn.: Praeger.
Law, N. W. Y., Woo, D. J., de la Torre, J., & Wong, K. W. G. (2018). A Global Framework
of Reference on Digital Literacy Skills for Indicator 4.4. 2.
Limberg, L., Sundin, O., & Talja, S. (2012). Three Theoretical Perspectives on
Information Literacy. Human IT, 11(2), 93–130.