Air Conditioner Test Report

By:
TDBU
Engineering Advancement
Power Systems Technologies

Richard Bravo
David Martinez
Robert Yinger
Loic Gaillac

November 27, 2006

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Work Performed ................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Testing Results.................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Stall Voltage ............................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2 Metering Devices........................................................................................................ 9
1.3.3 Thermal Protection Switch ....................................................................................... 10
1.3.4 Contactor Dropout .................................................................................................... 12

2.0 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................... 14

2.1. Measurements ................................................................................................................... 15

3.0 AIR CONDITIONER TEST TRANSIENT ............................................................................. 18

3.1 Long Notch Type of Transient.......................................................................................... 18
3.2 Delayed Recovery Type of Transient ............................................................................... 18
3.3 Circuit Breaker Clearing Type of Transient ..................................................................... 19

4.0 A/C #1 - TEST RESULTS........................................................................................................... 20

4.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 20
4.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 20
4.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 21
4.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 21
4.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 22
4.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 22
4.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 23

5.0 A/C #2 - TEST RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 25

5.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 25
5.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 25
5.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 26
5.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 26
5.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 27
5.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 27
5.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 28
6.0 A/C #3 - TEST RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 29
6.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 29
6.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 29
6.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 30
6.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 30
6.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 31
6.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 32
6.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 32

7.0 A/C #4 - TEST RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 34

7.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 34
7.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 35
7.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 35
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7.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 36
7.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 36
7.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 37
7.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 38

8.0 A/C #5 - TEST RESULTS.......................................................................................................... 40

8.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 40
8.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 41
8.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS\ ............................................................................................. 41
8.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 42
8.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 42
8.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 43
8.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 44

9.0 A/C #6 - TEST RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 45

9.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 45
9.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 46
9.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 47
9.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 47
9.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 48
9.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 49
9.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 50

10.0 A/C #7 - TEST RESULTS........................................................................................................... 52

10.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 52
10.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 53
10.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 53
10.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 53
10.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 54
10.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 54
10.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 55

11.0 A/C #8 - TEST RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 56

11.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 56
11.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 56
11.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 57
11.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 57
11.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ...................... 58
11.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................... 58
11.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............... 59

12.0 A/C #9 - TEST RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 61

12.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 61
12.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 62
12.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 62
12.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 62
12.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ..................... 63
12.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................ 64
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12.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............ 65

13.0 A/C #10 - TEST RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 66

13.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................... 66
13.2 TEST PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 67
13.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS............................................................................................... 67
13.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS ...................................................................... 67
13.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ..................... 68
13.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS............................ 69
13.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS ............ 69

14.0 APPENDIXES............................................................................................................................. 71
14.1 APPENDIX # 1................................................................................................................. 71
14.1.1 ATTACHMENT #1 -- AIR CONDITIONER TESTING PROCEDURES ............ 71
14.2 APPENDIX #2.................................................................................................................. 72
14.2.1 AIR CONDITIONER # 1 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 72
14.2.2 AIR CONDITIONER # 2 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 75
14.2.3 AIR CONDITIONER # 3 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 78
14.2.4 AIR CONDITIONER # 4 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 81
14.2.5 AIR CONDITIONER # 5 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 84
14.2.6 AIR CONDITIONER # 6 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 87
14.2.7 AIR CONDITIONER # 7 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 90
14.2.8 AIR CONDITIONER # 8 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 93
14.2.9 AIR CONDITIONER # 9 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ......... 96
14.2.10 AIR CONDITIONER # 10 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ..... 99
14.3 APPENDIX #3................................................................................................................ 102
14.3.1 INRUSH REFERENCE GRAPH ........................................................................... 102

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Introduction

SCE and other utilities have been having occurrences of delayed voltage recovery following
faults on the electrical system. Under normal conditions, voltage recovers to nominal levels in
less than one second after the fault is cleared. In several cases in the past few years, voltage
recovery has been delayed for over 30 seconds after normal fault clearing in some substations,
especially when the air temperature and electrical system loading was high. This delayed
voltage recovery is being attributed to stalling of air conditioner units. Delayed voltage recovery
may lead to a system voltage collapse in the worst case.

This delayed undervoltage recovery behavior has been seen in the SCE system since 1989 but
has not caused serious problems. In recent years, these delayed undervoltage recovery events
have been increasing. During the summer of 2006, SCE experienced 36 delayed voltage
recovery events. In some cases, these delayed voltage recoveries are out of compliance with the
WECC supply voltage limit, which dictates that voltage should not be more than 20% below
nominal for more than 20 cycles.

SCE customers are also affected by the delayed voltage recovery. This causes SCE customers
inconvenience and potential loss of business when these events arise. Although there is no
indication of an imminent total system voltage collapse at this time, SCE is approaching this
problem in a conservative way by studying the phenomenon and exploring potential solutions.

1.2 Work Performed

SCE began air conditioner testing in 2005 to determine how the units would respond when
exposed to various under-voltage transient conditions. The test results help SCE to properly
model the electrical system and determine possible solutions. SCE tested ten (10) air conditioner
units, in its Pomona Electric Vehicle Technical Center (EVTC), typically found in the service
territory. The diversity of the tested air conditioner units included sizes (tonnage), compressor
technology (reciprocating and scroll), refrigerant technology (R22 and R-410A), vintage (new
and old), and efficiencies (10 thru 13 SEER).

The ten (10) air conditioner units were tested under different undervoltage transients including
the Long Notch, Delayed Recovery and Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient. The Long
Notch transient (drop in voltage that was held for 30 seconds) was used to establish the threshold
voltage where the air conditioner compressor stalled. The Delayed Recovery transient (drop in
voltage followed by a 30 seconds recovery to nominal voltage) simulates the typical delayed
voltage recovery event observed in SCE system. The Circuit Breaker transient (short duration
drop in voltage held for 3, 6, 9, and 12 cycles) simulates the typical transient generated by the
tripping and reclosing of circuit breakers commonly used in the SCE system.

In addition, SCE performed additional testing on the air conditioners for the WECC Load
Modeling Task Force which included frequency oscillations, voltage oscillations, and different
arrangements of undervoltage transients. The WECC is currently developing software models to
simulate air conditioners in power system analysis programs. Current models do not properly
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simulate stalling air conditioner behavior during undervoltage transients. SCE developed the Air
Conditioner Testing Procedures for the testing of air conditioners with input from EPRI
Solutions and Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). These procedures were used by EPRI
Solutions (under contract with APS) and BPA. Together SCE, BPA, and EPRI Solutions will
test more than 40 residential air conditioners and share the test data under the umbrella of the
WECC Load Modeling Task Force. The detailed test procedures are attached to this report as
Appendix #1.

1.3 Testing Results

This summary section contains the testing results for the air conditioning units when exposed to
the delayed recovery type of transients, similar to that observed during the delayed voltage
recovery events at SCE.

1.3.1 Stall Voltage

The ten tested air conditioning units had similar stalling voltages within ±5% (voltage
level where compressor ceased to turn) at each of the tested temperatures. These
voltages varied with the outdoor air temperature that the compressor and condensing
coils were subjected to. The stall response time (time it takes the air conditioner
compressor to stop turning) on the tested air conditioners was approximately 6 cycles
after the under-voltage condition occurred. Test results indicated that the stalling
voltage average at 80 °F is 61%, at 100 °F is 65%, and at 115 °F is 69%. Table 1
indicates the stalling windows (voltages between the stall threshold voltage and the
contactor dropout voltage) for the ten tested air conditioner units when exposed to the
delayed recovery type of transients. Air conditioner unit #10 did not stall at 80 °F and
it operated down to the voltage where the contactor opened without stalling. Opening
of the contactor did not prevent the air conditioner units from stalling; it just delayed
stalling until the contactor reclosed (see more details in 1.3.4)

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Air Conditioner Test Report
Stall Window (80°F) Stall Window (100°F) Stall Window (115°F)
Stall Contactor Stall Contactor Stall Contactor
Threshold Dropout Threshold Dropout Threshold Dropout
AC #1 64% 50% 66% 50% 68% 50%
AC #2 56% 50% 61% 50% 66% 50%
AC #3 59% 35% 67% 35% 73% 35%
AC #4 62% 50% 67% 50% 75% 50%
AC #5 57% 50% 62% 50% 67% 45%
AC #6 59% 45% 64% 40% 68% 40%
AC #7 57% 50% 61% 50% 67% 50%
AC #8 64% 45% 67% 55% 69% 50%

AC #9 67% 55% 70% 55% 73% 55%

AC #10 none 45% 64% 50% 68% 55%

Table 1 – Stall Window

The major influence on the three stall parameters, current (ISTALL) and real power
(PSTALL) and reactive power (QSTALL), was the supply voltage. The higher the terminal
voltage when the stall occurs, the higher the stall parameter values. The values of these
parameters were also proportional to the unit size.

Graph 1 below indicates the typical current (I) behavior of an air conditioner unit when
exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. The normal running current (IFLA) is
approximately 17, 22, and 27 Amps at nominal voltage (100% or 240 V) for the three
simulated outdoor temperatures 80, 100, 115 °F respectively. The normal running
current was found to be inversely proportional to the supply voltage, the lower the
voltage the higher the normal running current. This behavior continues down to where
the unit starts stalling (stalling threshold voltage). The current jumped from as low as
17 Amps (at nominal voltage and 80 °F) to 100 Amps (at 70% applied voltage) when
the unit stalled. The stall current (ISTALL) was found to be directly proportional to the
applied voltage, the higher the voltage applied to the compressor terminals during the
stall the higher the stall current (blue, green, and red plot lines). This behavior
continues down to where the contactor drops out (contactor drop out voltage).

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AC #5 Current (I) Characteristics

110
80F / 100F / 115F
100

90

80

70
I (AMP)

60

50

40 100F 115F
80F

30

20

10

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Graph 1 – Stall Current

Graph 2 indicates the typical power (real P and reactive Q) behavior of an air
conditioner unit when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. The normal
running real power (P) is approximately 4000, 5000, and 6000 Watts and the normal
running reactive power (Q) is approximately 900, 1100, and 1300 VARs at nominal
voltage (100% or 240 V) for the three simulated outdoor temperatures 80, 100, 115 °F
respectively. The normal real power (NORMAL WATTS plot line) did not change
significantly when the applied voltage decreased all the way down until the unit stall
point. The normal reactive power (NORMAL VARS plot line) was found to be
inversely proportional to the applied voltage down to approximately 85% then started
being proportional to the applied voltage until the unit stalled (stall threshold voltage).
The real power jumped from 4000 Watts (at nominal voltage and 80 °F) to as high as
12,000 Watts (at 70% applied voltage) when the unit stalled. The reactive power
jumped from 900 VARs (at nominal voltage and 80 °F) to as high as 12,000 VARs (at
70% applied voltage) when the unit stalled. When stalled, both the real and reactive
powers were found to be directly proportional to the applied voltage, the higher the
voltage the higher the Watts and VARs. This behavior continues down to where the
contactor drops out (contactor drop out voltage).

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AC #5 Power (Real & Reactive) Characteristics
14000

80F / 100F / 115F

12000

10000
WATTS & VARS

8000
115F

6000 100F

80F
4000

100F 115F
2000
80F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Graph 2 – Stall Real and Reactive Power

1.3.2 Metering Devices

Air conditioner systems usually use either thermostatic expansion valves (TXV) or
orifice metering devices to control the proper flow of refrigerant in the high-pressure
side of the cooling coil (indoor coil). Controlling the proper flow of refrigerant in the
high-pressure side is critical because too much flow can cause the cooling coil to freeze
and therefore not produce any cooling. The orifice-metering device has a unique
advantage that is brings the pressure quickly into equalization after the compressor
shuts down. The TXV helps the cooling coil maintain proper flow using a
sophisticated feedback system but pressure equalization is achieved at a much slower
rate (1 to 2 minutes) than the orifice. The TXV helps the cooling coil have the proper
flow when the system is undercharged, maintaining its efficiency. It offers no
improvement when the system is overcharged. Since TXVs are commonly used in new
air conditioner installations, most of the air conditioner units tested had TXV valves.

When stalled, the compressor ceases to turn and therefore does not generate pressure.
The high-pressure (liquid line) and low-pressure (vapor line) need to equalize in order
for the compressors to restart smoothly. Most air conditioners rely on thermostats
(which commonly have a 5 minutes delay) to avoid short cycling which allows pressure
equalization before a restart is attempted.

Most of the tested air conditioner units with scroll compressors went into IDLE
(drawing the same running amps without producing any cooling) or NO-LOAD
(drawing about ½ the running amps without producing any cooling) condition after a
circuit breaker clearing generated type of transient. It seems that some mechanical
device prevented them from restarting normally. We opened a scroll compressor and
found a pressure relief valve between the high pressure and low-pressure chambers.
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This valve is designed to prevent too much pressure from building up in the high-
pressure side, releasing it into the low-pressure chamber. This valve may have stuck
open when the compressor went into either IDLE or NO-LOAD condition because the
unit draws current but no pressure is built up, and no cooling is produced. The air
conditioner unit had to be turned off and then back on again to resume normal running
condition.

Pressure Relief Valve

Graph 3 – Pressure Relief Valve

Some air conditioner units have high-pressure and low-pressure switches that are in
series with the thermostat circuit to protect the compressor from harmful high-pressure
conditions. One of the units (air conditioner unit #5) shut itself down under normal
running conditions (at nominal voltage) due to high pressure when the outdoor
temperature reached 120°F. This indicated that this particular air conditioner unit,
under normal charging conditions, would not work properly at in areas where the
temperature reaches 120°F.

1.3.3 Thermal Protection Switch

All of the tested air conditioning units’ compressors have a thermal protection switch
that opens to protect the motor from overheating due to extended stall currents.
Without the thermal protection switch, the motor might overheat and fail when high
currents are present for long periods. When exposed to the delayed recovery type of
transients, most of the tested air conditioner compressors (except A/C #7) stalled for as
short as 1.0 second and as long as 20 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor (as seen in Graph 2). Air conditioner unit #7 stalled
for as long as 11.6 seconds without opening the thermal protection switch during the 30
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second transient. In this unit, when the voltage rose above 162 V, the compressor
resumed normal running condition. Air conditioner unit #9’s (used unit) thermal
protection switch opened only at the higher test temperatures (100 °F and 115 °F) and
only after the compressor stalled for more than 12 seconds. Air conditioner unit #10’s
thermal protection switch opened only at the highest test temperature (115 °F). All the
units restarted normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed except for air
conditioner units #6 and #8. These two units needed to be turned off and then on again
in order to run normally.

Graph 4 shows the thermal protection switch average tripping time versus the stall
voltage for each of the tested air conditioner units except for #7 and #9. Each air
conditioner unit had similar linear thermal protection switch tripping time slopes at the
three tested temperatures except for unit # 9, which behaved differently for each of the
three tested temperatures. The thermal protection tripping time was found to be
inversely proportional to the sag voltage, the lower the voltage the longer the thermal
protection switch tripping time. The thermal protection tripping time can be as short as
1.0 second and as long as 20 seconds as shown in graph below. The right end of each
plot is where the unit started stalling (stall threshold) and the left end is where the
contactor opens (contactor dropout voltage).

Thermal Protection Sw itch Triping Time

20.0 AC#4

AC#6
18.0 AC#5

16.0 AC#10
AC#3
14.0 AC#1
Time (Sec.)

12.0

10.0
AC#2
8.0
AC#8
6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
%

%
0%

5%

0%
10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

10

Stall Voltage (%V)

AC#1 AC#2 AC#3 AC#4 AC#5 AC#6 AC#8 AC#10

Graph 4 – Thermal Protection Switch Tripping Time

Table 2 indicates the stalling window (between the stall threshold voltage and contactor
dropout voltage). The thermal protection switch (TPS) tripping time for each of the
tested units can be calculated with the tTPS formula shown below.

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tTPS = (m * V) + φ
Stall Window (80°F) Stall Window (100°F) Stall Window (115°F)
High Low High Low High Low
Slope (m) Constant ( φ)
AC #1 64% 51% 66% 51% 68% 51% -44.0000 35.8667
AC #2 56% 51% 61% 51% 66% 51% -31.2333 24.5817
AC #3 59% 36% 67% 36% 73% 36% -31.6667 25.8500
AC #4 62% 51% 67% 51% 75% 51% -49.6667 46.1333
AC #5 57% 51% 62% 51% 67% 46% -27.3333 30.1500
AC #6 59% 46% 64% 41% 68% 41% -47.8718 36.9962
AC #7 57% 51% 61% 51% 67% 51% -68.3333 49.0500
AC #8 64% 46% 67% 56% 69% 51% -22.7500 20.0442
-67.0000 44.1500 @ 80°F
AC #9 67% 56% 70% 56% 73% 56% -62.3077 46.3846 @ 100°F
-26.0000 22.9000 @ 115°F
AC #10 none 46% 64% 51% 68% 56% -105.5208 74.7625

Table 2 – Stall Calculation

1.3.4 Contactor Dropout

All the tested air conditioners have a main power contact relay (called the contactor)
that has a 24 VAC coil connected in series with the thermostat contact. All of the
contactors were found to have a quick response time (2 cycles to open/close when
voltage is applied). These units use standard contactors (off the shelf type) which were
not specifically designed for air conditioner use. From the tests, the contactor dropout
voltage varied from about 55% down to 35% as seen in the Graph 5. This means that
when the supply voltage goes below these values (below brown line on the graph
below) the contactor will open tripping off the compressor. While the contactor is
open, the compressor is off, but as soon as it recloses, the air conditioner compressor
stalls when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient.

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CONTACTOR DROPOUT VOLTAGE
100%

90%

80%

70%

% VOLTAGE 60% 55% 55%

50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%
50%
40% 40%
40% 35%

30%

20%

10%

0%
R

R
R

R
R

R
EE

EE

EE

EE

EE
EE

EE

EE

EE
EE

EE
0S

0S

0S

5S

3S
0S

2S

0S

0S
3S

3S
/1

/1
/1

/1

/1

2.

/1
/1

/1

/1

/1

/1
2

A
2

2
A

A
/2

/2

/2
/2

/2

/2

/2
10

10

10
2
/2

/4
/4

/4
e

e
Sc

Sc

Sc

Sc
R

Sc

Sc
Sc

Sc
#3

#2

#6

#6
#1

#8

#9

#7
#4

#5

0
C

C
C

#1
A/

A/

A/

A/
A/

A/

A/

C
C

C
A/

C
A/

A/

A/
A/C UNIT T YPE

Graph 5 – Contactor Dropout Voltage

Opening the contactor did not prevent the air conditioner units from stalling; it just
delayed it until the supply voltage reaches the contactor threshold voltage. Table 3
indicates the maximum stalling times after the contactor recloses for all of the tested air
conditioner units. This maximum time is when the voltage at the compressor is just
above the contactor dropout voltage.

Contactor Dropout Max. Stall Time After

Voltage (%) Contactor Reclosed (sec.)
A/C #1 Re / 22 / 10SEER 50% 11.5
A/C #3 Sc / 22 / 10SEER 35% 11.8
A/C #2 Sc / 22 / 12SEER 50% 5.5
A/C #4 Sc / 410A / 13SEER 50% 15.9
A/C #8 Re / 22 / 10SEER 55% 5.6
A/C #9 Re / 22 / 10SEER 50% 11.2
A/C #6 Sc / 22 / 10SEER 40% 11.4
A/C #6-OC Sc / 22 / 10SEER 40% 8.1
A/C #7 Sc / 22 / 12.5SEER 50% 6.4
A/C #5 Sc / 410A / 13SEER 50% 8.1
A/C #10 Sc / 410A / 13SEER 55% 6.6
Table 3 –Stalling Time after Contactor Reclosed

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2.0 OBJECTIVE

SCE and other utilities have had several occurrences of delayed voltage recovery following faults on
the electrical system. Under normal conditions, voltage recovers to normal levels in less than one
second after the fault is cleared. In several cases in the past few years, voltage recovery has been
delayed for over 30 seconds after normal fault clearing in the Valley Substation area. This delayed
voltage recovery is being attributed to stalling of air conditioner units. Testing of air conditioner units
is being conducted to determine how they behave when exposed to various under-voltage conditions.
These test results will help to properly model the electrical system and determine possible solutions to
this problem.

The objective of this testing is to investigate the air conditioner’s response to different under-voltage
transient conditions, especially under the delayed recovery type of transient. SCE has tested ten air
conditioner units typically found in the service territory. The diversity of the tested air conditioner
units included size (tonnage), compressor technology (reciprocating and scroll), refrigerant technology
(R22 and R-410A), vintage (new and old), and efficiency (10 thru 13 SEER) as seen in Table 4. The
test results will help to properly model the electrical system and determine possible solutions to
events.

Condenser
A/C # Mfg Unit Ton Comp. Refrig. SEER Vintage
1 Carrier 38CKS036 3 Re 22 10 New
3 Rheem RAKB036-JAZ 3 Sc 22 10 New
2 Carrier 38BRG036300 3 Sc 22 12 New
4 Carrier 38TXA036-30 3 Sc 410A 13 New
8 Goodman CLK048 4 Re 22 10 New
9 Day & Night 5680J048 4 Re 22 10 Used
6 Rheem RAB048-JAZ 4 Sc 22 10 New
6 Rheem (Over-Charged) RAB048-JAZ 4 Sc 22 10 New
7 Carrier 38TRA-048 4 Sc 22 12.5 New
5 Coleman AC3B048F1A 4 Sc 410A 13 New
10 Carrier 38TXA060-31 5 Sc 410A 13 New
Table 4 – Tested Air Conditioner Units

The same indoor unit (air handler) was used for all the tests except for the cooling coil, which was
replaced, depending on the system tonnage. Three different cooling coils were used for the three
different systems tonnages (3, 4, and 5-tons). The air handler’s fan speed was adjusted for the three
different system tonnages. Different air conditioner system piping was used for the different
refrigerants.

The test procedures described in section 3.0 were performed for each air conditioner unit. Each unit
test is composed of fifteen sub-tests from which SCE has analyzed the first five. Others are reviewing
the remaining test results.

Page 14 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
2.1. Measurements

The air conditioner instrumentation provided four voltages (V1, V2, V3, and V4) and four
currents (I1, I2, I3, and I4) as noted in Table 5. The voltages and currents were captured at the
condenser unit (outdoor unit). In addition to the voltages and currents required above, the real
power (W) and apparent power (VA) are also computed (see Table 6). The Yokogawa Power
Analyzer can mathematically calculate real, apparent powers and frequency.

Yokogawa
TAG DESCRIPTION MATH EXPRESSION
V1 Input Voltage 1 Trend(C1)
V2 Compressor Motor Running Winding Voltage 3 Trend(C3)
V3 Capacitor Voltage 5 Trend(C5)
V4 Compressor Motor Start Winding Voltage 7 Trend(C7)
I1 Input Current 2 Trend(C2)
I2 Compressor Motor Running Winding Current 4 Trend(C4)
I3 Fan Motor Current 6 Trend(C6)
I4 Compressor Motor Start Winding Current 8 Trend(C8)
Table 5 – Yokogawa Voltage and Current Points

Yokogawa
Tag Description MATH EXPRESSION
W1 Total Real Power 9 Trend(C1*C2)
W2 Compressor Motor Running Winding Real 11 Trend(C3*C4)
Power
W3 Compressor Motor Start Winding Real Power 13 Trend(C7*C8)
F Frequency 15 Trendf(C1)
VA1 Total Apparent Power 10 Trend(C1)*Trend(C2)
VA2 Compressor Motor Running Winding Apparent 12 Trend(C3)*Trend(C4)
Power
VA3 Compressor Motor Start Apparent Power 14 Trend(C7)*Trend(C8)
Table 6 – Yokogawa Real and Apparent Power Points

All of these voltages, currents, real power, apparent power, and frequency measurements are
synchronized. A macro was created to filter the data and calculate the reactive power (VARs)
and power factor (PF).

Page 15 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
Compressor
Motor (CM)
C

HUB/MAU NIC P2Q2

%UTILIZATION

GD RE I F
TAB
S
JA KB L C ENTER
RUN
M7 N8 O9 PRINT
GD GD GD HELP
BNC
4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA
HUB/MAU NIC
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

LEGEND
V4 %UTILIZATION

GD RE I F

JA KB LC
TAB

ENTER
RUN
M7 N8 O9 PRINT
HUB/MAU NIC GD GD GD HELP
BNC
4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

CSTART START CAPACITOR

%UTILIZATION

GD RE I F

JA KB L C
TAB

ENTER
RUN
P 3Q3 II22 CFAN FAN CAPACITOR
M7 N8 O9 PRINT

GD GD GD HELP
BNC
4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA

C CM COMMON LEG (L1)

V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

6
II4
4
S CM START LEG

R CM RUN LEG
CSTART
CM COMPRESSOR MOTOR

OFM OUTDOOR FAN MOTOR

S1 CONTACT ON LINE L1
HUB/MAU NIC

L1 LINE 1
CFAN
L2 LINE 2
%UTILIZATION

TAB

GD RE I F

BNC
JA KB LC

M7 N8 O9 PRINT

GD GD GD HELP

4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA
ENTER
RUN
CONTROL WIRING
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

V&I METER LEADS

V3 POWER WIRING
OFM V1 Input Voltage (Math1)

V2 Running Winding Voltage (Math3)

V3 Start Capacitor Voltage (Math5)

HUB/MAU NIC

V4 Start Winding Voltage (Math7)

I1 Input Current (Math2)

%UTILIZATION

TAB

I2 Running Winding Current (Math4)

GD RE I F

JA KB LC ENTER
RUN
M7 N8 O9 PRINT

GD GD GD HELP
BNC
4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

I3 Outdoor Fan Current (Math6)

II3
3 I4 Start Winding Current (Math8)

3
HUB/MAU NIC

S1 %UTILIZATION

TAB

GD RE I F

JA KB LC ENTER
RUN
M7 N8 O9 PRINT
GD GD GD HELP
BNC
4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

1 2
V2

24 VAC Control

HUB/MAU NIC

P1Q1 HUB/MAU NIC

L1 L2
%UTILIZATION

%UTILIZATION
TAB

GD RE I F TAB

JA KB LC ENTER GD RE I F
RUN
M7 N8 O9 PRINT JA KB LC ENTER
RUN
GD GD GD HELP M7 N8 O9 PRINT
BNC
4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA GD GD GD HELP
BNC
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT 4Mb/s GD T2 U3 ALPHA
V0 W
.X YZ SHIFT

II1
1 240 VAC Grid Simulator V1

Figure 6 – Typical Air Conditioner Diagram

Page 16 of 102 pages

 GRID SIMULATOR OUTDOOR UNIT

240 VAC
480 VAC

TRANSIENT DATA CAPTURE

GENERATION

TESTING BENCH

Figure 7 – Testing Layout Diagram

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

3.0 AIR CONDITIONER TEST TRANSIENT

This test report is focused mainly on the response of the air conditioner units to three different types of
transients the Long Notch, the Delayed Recovery and Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients. Other
tests were also performed for the WECC Load Modeling Task Force, which included voltage oscillations,
frequency oscillations, circuit breaker clearing transients with different voltage recoveries, and tests with
the contactor bypassed. The detailed test procedure can be found in APPENDIX # 1.

3.1 Long Notch Type of Transient

The Long Notch type of transient was used to determine both the stalling threshold voltage and the
contactor dropout voltage. This information was later used to implement the other two types of
transients, the Delayed Recovery and the Circuit Breaker Clearing.

Vac = 240 V
30 s e c.

Vac = ε V

t1 t2
Figure 8

3.2 Delayed Recovery Type of Transient

The Delayed Recovery type of transient was used to determine the air conditioners’ response to a
delayed voltage recovery event in the electrical grid. A 30 second ramp up recovery time was used
because this is similar to the transients observed in our system.

Vac = 240 V

Vac = ε V
30 s e c.
t1 t2
Figure 9

Page 18 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
3.3 Circuit Breaker Clearing Type of Transient

The Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients was used to determine the air conditioners response
to short interruptions caused by the opening and reclosing of circuit breakers. Transients of 3, 6, 9,
and 12 cycles were used because these are the switching times of circuit breakers commonly used on
the SCE electrical system.

Vac = 240 V

Vac = ε V
t = 3,6,9,12 cycle s
t1 t2
Figure 10

Page 19 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
4.0 A/C #1 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three transients. This air
conditioner unit stalled, drawing approximately 48 Amps at 129 VAC, for 21.5 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor when exposed to the long notch type of transients.
This air conditioner unit stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 175 VAC, for as long as 12.5 seconds
before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor when exposed to the delayed
recovery type of transients. It stalled, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened, when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of
transients. Opening the contactor did not help in preventing the compressor from stalling, it just delayed
the stall until the contactor reclosed. The good thing about this air conditioner unit is that it restarted
normally after any stall. The power contactor drop out voltage was 50%.

4.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Carrier Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit 38CKS036 Model 5KCP39EGS070S
Evaporator Coil CK3BA036 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 3 Current (I) 1.4
Compressor Type Reciprocating Power (HP) 0.25
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 1100
SEER 10 FLA (AMPS) 1.4
Condition New
Unit Cost $670.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Product Unlimited
COMPRESSOR Model HN51KC024
Manufacturer Bristol Rating (V) 240/277
Model 739024-1602-00 FLA (AMPS) 30
Type Reciprocating LRA (AMPS) 150
FLA (AMPS) 16 Resistance 40
LRA (AMPS) 82
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer GE
Charge (LBS) 4.6 Model HC98JA046D
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) - Capacitance (µF) 45
PMAXLow (PSI) -

4.2 TEST PARAMETERS

Page 20 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

The test parameters for this unit were not captured. The performance parameter table can be found
in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment # 1

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) - - -
TOUTLET (°C) - - -
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) - - -
TCASE (°C) - - -
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) - - -
PLOW (PSI) - - -
PHIGH (PSI) - - -
IRUNNING (A) 14.0 16.0 17.0
WRUNNING (W) 3100.0 3500.0 3800.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 1300.0 1300.0 1300.0

4.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This air conditioner system took approximately 10 cycles to come to normal steady running state,
from which 9 cycles exhibited LOCKED-ROTOR characteristics. The data below was recorded
for the air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 233 VAC
IINRUSH 97 A
W INRUSH 16,300 W
VARINRUSH 15,700 VAR
t 10 cycles

4.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened at 50% voltage sag. In general, opening the contactor did not prevent
the compressor from stalling; it just delayed the stalling until the contactor reclosed. The
compressor had the following responses right after the contactor reclosed:
♦ Long Notch type of transients
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 233 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 3.0 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 176 VAC, right after contactor
reclosed for as long as 11.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect
the compressor.
Page 21 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 233 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 2.9 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor.

4.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor has the following threshold voltages 60% at 80 °F, 67% at 100 °F and 115 °F
when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows for this
compressor are the following: 60% to 50% at 80 °F, 67% to 50% at 100 °F, and 67% to 50% at
115 °F. The thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor. The
compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 48 Amps at 129 VAC, for as
long as 21.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the
power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled drawing approximately 94 Amps
at 235 VAC, for as long as 3.0 seconds before the thermal protection opened to protect the
compressor. The following are the detail responses of the compressor for each of the
temperatures:
♦ °At 80 °F
ƒ The compressors stalled, drawing approximately 48 Amps at 129 VAC, for as long as 16.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 3.0
seconds, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 237 VAC, characteristics before the thermal
protection opened to protect the compressor
♦ At 100 °F.
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 48 Amps at 129 VAC, for as long as 21.5
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 3.0
seconds, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 235 VAC, before the thermal protection
opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 48 Amps at 130 VAC, for as long as 17.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 3.0
seconds, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 237 VAC, before the thermal protection
switch opened to protect the compressor.

4.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor has the following stall threshold voltages 64% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 68%
at 115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
for this compressor are the following: 65% to 50% at 80 °F, 67% to 50% at 100 °F, and 68% to
50% at 115 °F. The thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor.
The compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 175 VAC, for
as long as 12.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If
the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 63
Amps at 178 VAC, for as long as 11.5 seconds before the thermal protection opened to protect the
Page 22 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
compressor. The following are the detail responses of the compressor for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 61 Amps at 170 VAC, for as long as 10.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 62 Amps at 176 VAC, for as long as 10 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 173 VAC, for as long as 11.6
seconds before thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 62 Amps at 175 VAC, for as long as 11.0 seconds before the thermal
protection opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 175 VAC, for as long as 12.5
seconds before thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor .
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the unit stalled, drawing approximately 63
Amps at 178 VAC, for as long as 11.5 seconds before the thermal protection opened to
protect the compressor.

4.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor has the following threshold voltages 63% at 80 °F, 64% at 100 °F, and 66% at
115 °F when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: 63% to 50% at 80 °F, 64% to 50% at 100 °F, and 66% to 50% at 115
°F. The thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor. The
compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 235 VAC, for as
long as 2.8 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the
power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 94
Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.8 seconds before the thermal protection opened to protect the
compressor. The following are the detail responses of the compressor for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 95 Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.8
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 94 Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.8 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 234 VAC, for as long as 2.8
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 94 Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.9 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 94 Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
Page 23 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the unit stalled, drawing approximately 94
Amps at 235 VAC, for as long as 2.8 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened
to protect the compressor.

Page 24 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
5.0 A/C #2 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to the long notch and delayed recovery
type of transients. This compressor stalled, drawing approximately 47 Amps at 127 VAC, for as long as
20.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor, when exposed to the
long notch type of transients. This compressor stalled, drawing approximately 56 Amps at 152 VAC, for
as long as 7.7 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor, when
exposed to the delayed recovery type of transients. This compressor did not stalled when exposed to the
circuit breaker clearing type of transients; therefore, this unit is not sensitive to circuit breaker clearing
type of transients except when they go below the contactor dropout voltage. Opening the contactor did
not help to prevent the compressor from stalling, it just delayed stalling except for the long notch type of
transient where it did not stall at all. The good thing about this air conditioner unit is that it restarts
normally after any stall. The power contactor drop out voltage is 50%.

5.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Carrier Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit 38BRG036300 Model 5KCP39GFSS166S
Evaporator Coil CK3BA036 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 3 Current (I) 0.95
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 0.2
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 825
SEER 12 FLA (AMPS) 1.1
Condition New
Unit Cost $1,068.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Product Unlimited
COMPRESSOR Model HN51KC024
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240/277
Model ZR34K3-PFV-130 FLA (AMPS) 30
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 150
FLA (AMPS) 17.6 Resistance 40
LRA (AMPS) 88
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer Aurora
Charge (LBS) 6.5 Model PRCD 5575
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) 398.8 Capacitance (µF) 75
PMAXLow (PSI) 290

5.2 TEST PARAMETERS

Page 25 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.6 23.1 22.9
TOUTLET (°C) 10.9 11.8 12.5
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 27.4 39.2 47.0
TCASE (°C) 78.0 89.9 100.7
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.3 1.6 1.4
PLOW (PSI) 54.0 66.3 72.6
PHIGH (PSI) 199.4 261.6 317.5
IRUNNING (A) 12.0 15.0 17.0
WRUNNING (W) 2608.0 3164.0 3884.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 823.0 850.0 888.0

A more detail performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment # 2

5.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This air conditioner unit took approximately 14 cycles to come to normal running state. The data
below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 227 VAC
IINRUSH 99 A
W INRUSH 16,000 W
VARINRUSH 15,700 VAR
t 14 cycles

5.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened at 50% voltage sag. In general, opening the contactor did not prevent
the compressor from stalling; it just delayed the stalling until the contactor reclosed except when
exposed to long notch type of transients. The compressor had the following responses right after
the contactor reclosed:

♦ Long notch type of transients

ƒ The compressor never stalled after the power contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient

Page 26 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 61 Amps at 165 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 5.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 90 Amps at 228 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.3 seconds before resuming the normal running mode.

5.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This unit has the following threshold voltages 58% at 80 °F, 63% at 100 °F, and 68% at 115 °F
when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 58% to 50% at 80 °F, 63% to 50% at 100 °F, and 68% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened after each stall to protect the unit. The unit stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 47 Amps at 127 VAC, for as long as 20.2 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the unit. If the power contactor opened and then
reclosed, the compressor would return to the normal running mode. The following are the details
for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 47 Amps at 127 VAC, for as long as 20.2
seconds before the thermal protection switch opens to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and reclosed, the compressor resumed normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 47 Amps at 127 VAC, for as long as 17.0
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor resumed the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 47 Amps at 127 VAC, for as long as 14.7
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor resumed the normal
running mode.

5.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This unit has the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at 115 °F
when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 55% to 50% at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 65% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened after each stall to protect the unit. The compressor stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 56 Amps at 152 VAC, for as long as 7.7 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 61 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as
5.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect it. The following are the details
for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 55 Amps at 148 VAC, for as long as 6.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
Page 27 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 59 Amps at 160 VAC, for as long as 5.2 seconds before the thermal
protection opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 56 Amps at 152 VAC, for as long as 7.7
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 60 Amps at 161 VAC, for as long as 5.4 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 56 Amps at 154 VAC, for as long as 7.6
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 61 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as 5.5 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.

5.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This unit did not stall when exposed to the Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients except
when the contactor opened. Then it stalled when the contactor reclosed, drawing approximately 90
Amps at 228 VAC,

Page 28 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
6.0 A/C #3 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three test transients. This
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 138 VAC, for as long as 13.5 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor, when exposed to the long notch type of
transients in the stalling window. It stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 156 VAC, for as long as
14.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor, when exposed to the
delayed recovery type of transients. It stalled, drawing approximately 101 Amps at 227 VAC, for as long
as 0.5 seconds then unit restart normally or went into NO-LOAD condition, when exposed to circuit
breaker clearing type of transients. Opening the contactor did not help to prevent the compressor from
stalling, it just delayed it. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as
long as 12.7 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect it except when exposed to the
long notch type of transients where it returned to normal running mode. If the unit did not restart
normally or went into the NO-LOAD condition, then the compressor needed to be turned off and then on
again in order to restart normally. At the NO-LOAD condition, the compressor consumed ½ of the
normal running power but without producing any cooling. At high temperatures, the compressor is
sensitive to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients where most of the tests end up in the NO-LOAD
condition. The power contactor drop out voltage is 35%.

6.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Rheem Manufacturer Emerson
Condenser Unit RAKB036-JAZ Model K55HXKYH-9836
Evaporator Coil CK3BA036 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 3 Current (I) 1.3
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 0.2
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 1075
SEER 10 FLA (AMPS) 1.3
Condition New
Unit Cost $925.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Cutler-Hammer
COMPRESSOR Model C25CNY3T
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240/277
Model ZR36X3-PFV-230 FLA (AMPS) 25
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 150
FLA (AMPS) 19 Resistance 30
LRA (AMPS) 95
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer Digital Tech
Charge (LBS) 4.9 Model 43-101665-14
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) 398.8 Capacitance (µF) 50
PMAXLow (PSI) 290
6.2 TEST PARAMETERS

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.5 23.7 24.7
TOUTLET (°C) 9.1 11.0 12.9
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 26.3 38.5 46.7
TCASE (°C) 67.4 82.2 92.5
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.4 1.3 1.3
PLOW (PSI) 62.8 68.1 359.6
PHIGH (PSI) 224.6 300.2 73.7
IRUNNING (A) 14.0 17.0 20.0
WRUNNING (W) 3152.0 3911.0 4583.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 1200.0 1250.0 1348.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 3.

6.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This air conditioner unit took approximately 13 cycles to come to the normal steady running state.
The data below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 226 VAC
IINRUSH 106 A
W INRUSH 17,200 W
VARINRUSH 16,800 VAR
t 13 cycles

6.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened with a 35% voltage sag. The compressor, at times, goes into a NO-
LOAD condition. The compressor had the following responses right after the contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ The compressor never stalled after the power contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 154 VAC, for as long as 13
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 102 Amps at 226 VAC, for less
than 0.4 seconds right after the power contactor reclosed then return to the normal running
mode.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 101 Amps at 227 VAC, for less
than 0.4 seconds right after the power contactor reclosed then went into a NO-LOAD
condition.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 102 Amps at 226 VAC, for less
than 1 second right after the power contactor reclosed causing the thermal protection switch
to open to protect the compressor. The compressor did not go into a NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times the compressor returned to the normal running mode after the contactor reclosed.

6.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This unit has the following threshold voltages 60% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 70% at 115 °F
when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 60% to 35% at 80 °F, 65% to 35% at 100 °F, and 70% to 35% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The compressor did not always restarted
normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed and at times it went into the NO-LOAD
condition. The compressor needed to be turned off and then on again in order to restart normally.
The unit stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 138 VAC, for as long
as 13.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. Sometimes
the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 46 Amps at 114 VAC, for the complete transient
period without opening the thermal protection switch. If the power contactor opened and then
reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal running mode. The following are the details for
each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 138 VAC, for as long
as 13.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 61 Amps at 126 VAC through the
complete transient period and then the thermal protection switch opened when the voltage
returned to normal at the end of the transient. The unit did not restart normally.
ƒ At times it stalled, drawing approximately 46 Amps at 114 VAC, for the complete transient
period and then returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 138 VAC, for as long
as 13.1 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 51 Amps at 125 VAC, for as long
as 1.1 seconds and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 46 Amps at 115 VAC through the
complete transient period and the returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 61 Amps at 149 VAC, for as long
as 6.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened. When the thermal switch

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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reclosed the unit stalled for a second time for as long as 4.6 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened again to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 45 Amps at 114 VAC, for the
transient period and then returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the unit returned to the normal running
mode.

6.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor has the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at
115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 55% to 35% at 80 °F, 60% to 35% at 100 °F, and 65% to 35% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor. The compressor
stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 156 VAC, for as long as 14.2
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power
contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 63 Amps at
157 VAC, for as long as 9.1 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor. Opening the contactor did not help in preventing the compressor from stalling, it just
delayed it. In general, the unit restarted normally after any stalling except in one case where it
went into the NO-LOAD condition. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 156 VAC, for as long as 14.2
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 63 Amps at 157 VAC, for as long as 9.1 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 61 Amps at 153 VAC, for as long as 12.2
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ In one test, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 137 VAC, for as
long as 0.8 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened. When the thermal
protection switch closed, the unit went into NO-LOAD condition.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 60 Amps at 154 VAC, for as long as 12.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 63 Amps at 159 VAC, for as long as 8.8 seconds before the thermal
protection opened to protect the compressor.

6.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This unit had the following threshold voltages 50% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at 115 °F
when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 50% to 35% at 80 °F, 60% to 35% at 100 °F, and 65% to 35% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch rarely opened after stalling to protect the compressor. The unit stalled in
the stalling window, drawing approximately 101 Amps at 227 VAC, for as long as 0.5 seconds
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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
before return to the normal running state or the NO-LOAD condition. If the power contactor
opened and then reclosed the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 102 Amps at 227 VAC,
long as 0.5 seconds. Then it either resumed the normal running state or went into the NO-LOAD
condition. Opening the contactor did not prevent the compressor from stalling, it just delayed it.
The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 101 Amps at 227 VAC, for as long as 0.5
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 102 Amps at 227 VAC, for as long as 0.5 seconds. Then it either the
thermal protection switch opened or it went into the NO-LOAD condition. In both cases,
the compressor did not restart normally.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 102 Amps at 226 VAC, for as long
as 0.5 seconds before it returned to the normal running state.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 103 Amps at 227 VAC, for as long
as 0.4 seconds before it went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opens and then recloses, the unit stalled for as long as 0.3 seconds ,
drawing approximately 101 Amps at 226 VAC. It then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ Usually the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 102 Amps at 226 VAC, for as long
as 0.5 seconds and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times the unit stalled, drawing approximately 102 Amps at 226 VAC, for as long as 0.5
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 0.4
seconds, drawing approximately 103 Amps at 227 VAC. Then either the unit returned to
the normal running state or it went into the NO-LOAD condition.

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7.0 A/C #4 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three test transients. When
exposed to the long notch type of transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 44 Amps at 140 VAC, for as long as 28.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor but sometimes it stalled for the complete 30 second transient period
without opening the thermal protection switch. At times, the compressor stalled for a short period of time
(1.0 second) then went into the NO-LOAD condition. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 60
Amps at 195 VAC, for as long as 19.6 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor, when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. It stalled, drawing approximately 82
Amps at 229 VAC, for as long as 0.5 seconds then the compressor either returned to normal running mode
or went into the NO-LOAD condition, when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients. In
general, opening the contactor did not prevent the compressor from stalling; it just delayed it except when
exposed to the long notch transient where it resumed normal running mode. If the power contactor
opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 21.0 seconds before the thermal protection
switch opened to protect it except when exposed to the long notch type of transients where it resumed the
normal running mode. When the contactor opened under the circuit breaker clearing type of transients,
the compressor stalled for as long as 0.5 second then usually went into the NO-LOAD condition. If the
unit did not restart normally or went into the NO-LOAD condition, then the compressor needed to be
turned off and then on again in order to restart normally. The compressor in the NO-LOAD condition
consumed ½ of the normal running power but without producing any work (cooling). At high
temperatures, the compressor is more sensitive to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients where
most of the tests end up in the NO-LOAD condition. The power contactor drop out voltage is 55%.

7.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR
Manufacturer Carrier Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit 38TXA036-30 Model 5KCP39GF
Evaporator Coil CK3BA036 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 3 Current (I) 0.95
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 0.2
Refrigerant R-410A RPM 825
SEER 13 FLA (AMPS) 1.1
Condition New
Unit Cost $1,687.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Product Unlimited
COMPRESSOR Model HN51KC024
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240/277
Model ZP31K5-PFV-130 FLA (AMPS) 30
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 160
FLA (AMPS) 16.7 Resistance 40
LRA (AMPS) 79
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R410A Manufacturer GE
Charge (LBS) 6.88 Model 97F9969
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) 623.7 Capacitance (µF) 45
PMAXLow (PSI) 406.1

7.2 TEST PARAMETERS

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.4 22.9 22.9
TOUTLET (°C) 10.8 10.9 12.1
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 27.8 39.0 47.8
TCASE (°C) 89.5 94.8 108.7
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.6 1.2 1.2
PLOW (PSI) 106.9 117.8 127.1
PHIGH (PSI) 351.9 471.5 579.4
IRUNNING (A) 12.0 15.0 18.0
WRUNNING (W) 2763.0 3507.0 4272.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 647.0 700.0 846.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 4.

7.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

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It would take approximately 14 cycles to come to the normal steady running state. The data below
was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 228 VAC
IINRUSH 84 A
W INRUSH 14,400 W
VARINRUSH 13,100 VAR
t 14 cycles

7.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened with a 50% voltage sag. In one instance, the unit did not restart
normally and needed to be turned off and then on again in order to return to the normal running
mode. The compressor had the following responses right after contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ Never stalled after power contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 202 VAC, right after contactor
reclosed for as long as 15.9 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect
the compressor.
ƒ Restarted normally after thermal protection switch reclosed except for one case where it did
not restart normally and needed to be turned off and then on again in order to return to the
normal running state.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ At 80 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 84 Amps at 229 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 1.4 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
ƒ At 100 °F
o At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 85 Amps at 229 VAC right
after the contactor reclosed for as long as 0.4 seconds before it went into the NO-
LOAD condition.
o At times the compressor returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At 115 °F
o At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 83 Amps at 229 VAC right
after the contactor reclosed for as long as 0.4 seconds before it went into the NO-
LOAD condition.
o At times the compressor returned to the normal running mode.

7.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor has the following threshold voltages 62% at 80 °F, 68% at 100 °F, and 75% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
following: 62% to 50% at 80 °F, 68% to 50% at 100 °F, and 75% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opens to protect the compressor. The unit stalled in the stalling window,
drawing approximately 44 Amps at 140 VAC, for as long as 28.2 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. At times, it also stalled for as long as 0.9
seconds before it went into the NO-LOAD condition. In this condition, the compressor will never
restart normally, it will always consume ½ the normal running power but without producing any
work (no cooling). If the power contactor opened and then reclosed the compressor did not return
to the normal running state. The compressor needed to be turned off and then on again in order to
restart normally. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 42 Amps at 128 VAC, for the
complete transient period and then returned to the normal running state.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 44 Amps at 140 VAC, for as long
as 28.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The compressor did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to normal
running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 51 Amps at 159 VAC, for as long
as 0.9 seconds then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 51 Amps at 151 VAC, for as long
as 23.8 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 41 Amps at 126 VAC, for the
complete transient period without opening the thermal protection switch.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 56 Amps at 174 VAC, for as long
as 1.0 second and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 49 Amps at 151 VAC, for as long
as 16.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 40 Amps at 128 VAC, for the
complete transient period without opening the thermal protection switch.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed the unit returned to the normal running
state.

7.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 60% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 75% at
115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 60% to 50% at 80 °F, 65% to 50% at 100 °F, and 75% to 50% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor. The unit stalled in the
stalling window, drawing approximately 60 Amps at 195 VAC, for as long as 19.6 seconds before
the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. At high temperatures, this
compressor at times did not restarted normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed. It
needed to be turned off and then on again in order to restart normally. If the power contactor
opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 62 Amps at 200 VAC,
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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
for as long as 15.9 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 58 Amps at 186 VAC, for as long as 16.8
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 58 Amps at 185 VAC, for as long as 13.2 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The compressor did not restart
normally.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 60 Amps at 195 VAC, for as long as 19.6
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 61 Amps at 194 VAC, for as long as 13.4 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 59 Amps at 193 VAC, for as long
as 18.4 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 60 Amps at 191 VAC, for as long
as 16.9 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The compressor did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 62 Amps at 200 VAC, for as long as 15.9 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.

7.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 70% at
115 °F when exposed to the Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: 55% to 50% at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 70% to 50% at 115
°F. At times the thermal protection switch opened after stalling to protect the compressor. The
unit stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long as 0.5
seconds before it either returned to the normal running state or it went into the NO-LOAD
condition. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as
1.4 seconds drawing approximately 84 Amps at 229 VAC then either resumed the normal running
state or went into the NO-LOAD condition. The following are the details for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor did not stall in the 3 and 6 cycle tests.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long
as 0.5 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long
as 0.3 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The
compressor did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 84 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long as 1.4 seconds before it returned to the
normal running state.
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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 84 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long as 0.4
seconds and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 85 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long as 0.3 seconds. At times it went into the
NO-LOAD condition but at other times it returned to the normal running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ Usually the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 80 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long
as 0.4 seconds and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 81 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long
as 0.5 seconds before it returned to the normal running state
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 83 Amps at 229 VAC, for as long as 0.4 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
8.0 A/C #5 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three types of transients.
When exposed to the long notch type of transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 81 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long as 26.0 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor for as long as 30.0 seconds (drawing approximately 73 Amps at 124
VAC) before resuming the normal running mode. The compressor did not restart normally after the
thermal protection switch opened and needed to be turned off and then on again in order to resume the
normal running mode. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 99 Amps at 172 VAC, for as long
as 15.9 seconds before returning to the normal running mode, when exposed to the delayed recovery type
of transients in the stalling window. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 87 Amps at 145
VAC, for the complete 30 second transient time before going into the IDLE condition, when exposed to
the circuit breaker clearing type of transients in the stalling window. When the contactor opened under
the delayed recovery type of transients and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately
115 Amps at 193 VAC, for as long as 8.1 seconds before returning to the normal running mode. In
general, opening the contactor did not help prevent the compressor from stalling; it just delayed the stall.
If the unit did not restart normally or went into the IDLE condition, then the compressor needed to be
turned off and then on again in order to return to the normal running mode. The compressor in the IDLE
condition consumed the same power as with normal running but without producing any work (cooling).
The compressor was more prone to go into the IDLE condition when it stalled during the circuit breaker
clearing type of transients.

8.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR
Manufacturer Coleman Manufacturer Motor Division
Condenser Unit AC3B048F1A Model K55HXKWQ-9803
Evaporator Coil CK3BA048 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 4 Current (I) 1.5
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 0.25
Refrigerant R-410A RPM 850
SEER 13 FLA (AMPS) 1.5
Condition New
Unit Cost $1,630.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer GE
COMPRESSOR Model CR453CE3HBLAY
Manufacturer Benchmark Rating (V) 240/277
Model H83R413ABCA FLA (AMPS) 40
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 180
FLA (AMPS) 21.1 Resistance 50
LRA (AMPS) 150
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R410A Manufacturer CSC
Charge (LBS) 8.75 Model 328P7005H37P37A5X
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) - Capacitance (µF) 70
PMAXLow (PSI) -

8.2 TEST PARAMETERS

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.0 23.2 23.2
TOUTLET (°C) 9.4 11.2 12.2
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 26.7 38.1 46.2
TCASE (°C) 71.8 88.9 107.1
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.7 1.5 1.5
PLOW (PSI) 105.9 116.5 123.9
PHIGH (PSI) 353.5 474.7 693.6
IRUNNING (A) 17.0 22.0 26.0
WRUNNING (W) 4030.0 5047.0 6106.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 1100.0 1225.0 1443.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 5.

8.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS\

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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It would take approximately 13 cycles to come to the normal steady running state. The data below
was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 221 VAC
IINRUSH 148 A
W INRUSH 22,000 W
VARINRUSH 24,200 VAR
t 13 cycles

8.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened at 50% voltage sag. The compressor had the following responses
right after contactor reclosed:

♦ Long notch type of transient

ƒ At 80 °F and 100 °F, the compressor restarted normally after the contactor reclosed.
ƒ At 115 °F, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 146 Amps at 223 VAC, for as
long as 2 seconds after the contacts reclosed before returned to the normal running state.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 116 Amps at 193 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 8.1 seconds before it returned to the normal running
condition.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ At 80 °F
o At times the compressor went into the IDLE condition.
o At times the compressor returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At 100 °F
o At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 141 Amps at 221 VAC, for 2.0
seconds right after the power contactor reclosed before the thermal protection switch
open to protect the compressor.
o At times the compressor returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At 115 °F
o The compressor stalled for a couple of cycles right after the power contactor reclosed
and then went into the IDLE condition.

8.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 58% at 80 °F, 63% at 100 °F, and 70% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 58% to 50% at 80 °F, 63% to 50% at 100 °F, and 70% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor but not always after the unit stalled. The
compressor did not always restart normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed and needed
to be turned off and then on again in order to restart normally. The compressor stalled in the
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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
stalling window, drawing approximately 81 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long as 26.0 seconds before
the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor and at times stalled for the
complete transient period (30 seconds drawing approximately 73 Amps at 124 VAC) without
opening the thermal protection switch. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the
compressor returned to the normal running mode. The following are the details for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 143 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long
as 6.6 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 73 Amps at 124 VAC, for the
complete transient period without opening the thermal protection switch.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the unit returned to normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 81 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long
as 26.0 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The unit did not restart normally.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 74 Amps at 124 VAC, for the
complete transient period without opening the thermal protection switch.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 78 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long
as 19.6 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The unit did not restart normally.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 75 Amps at 123 VAC, for the
complete transient period without opening the thermal protection switch.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the unit returned to the normal running
mode.

8.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at
115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 55% to 50% at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 65% to 50% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor after stalling except when the
compressor stalled right after the contactor reclosed. The compressor stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 99 Amps at 172 VAC, for as long as 15.9 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 115 Amps at 193 VAC, for as long
as 8.1 seconds before returned to normal running mode. Opening the contactor did not help in
preventing the compressor from stalling, it just delayed it until the contactor reclosed. The
following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 101 Amps at 172 VAC, for as long as 14.6
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.

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ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, The compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 108 Amps at 180 VAC, for as long as 6.8 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 101 Amps at 174 VAC, for as long as 15.1
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the unit.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 108 Amps at 180 VAC, for as long as 6.8 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 99 Amps at 172 VAC, for as long as 15.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the unit.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 8.1
seconds, drawing approximately 115 Amps at 193 VAC, before it returned to the normal
running mode.

8.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at 115 °F
when exposed to the Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 65% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal protection
switch never opened after stalling to protect the compressor. The compressor stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 87 Amps at 145 VAC, for the complete transient time then went
into the IDLE condition, except at 80 °F where it did not stall. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor usually went into the IDLE condition and at times returned to the
normal running state. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor did not stall in the stalling window.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor at times went into the
IDLE condition and at other times resumed the normal running state.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 80 Amps at 134 VAC, for the complete
transient period then the compressor went into the IDLE condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor usually stalled, drawing
approximately 147 Amps at 221 VAC, for as long as 2 seconds before going into the IDLE
condition.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 87 Amps at 145 VAC, for the complete
transient period then the compressor went into the IDLE condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor went into the IDLE
condition.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
9.0 A/C #6 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three types of transients.
When exposed to the long notch type of transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 64 Amps at 124 VAC, for as long as 30.0 seconds before either the thermal protection
switch opened to protect the compressor or it resumed the normal running mode. At times, the
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 123 VAC, for short period of time (1.0 second)
and then went into the NO-LOAD condition. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 80 Amps at
166 VAC, for as long as 14.8 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor, when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transients in the stalling window. At times, the
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 50 Amps at 103 VAC, for a short period of time (1.0 second)
then went into the NO-LOAD condition. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 128 Amps at
223 VAC, for about 0.5 seconds before either returning to the normal running mode or went into the NO-
LOAD condition, when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients in the stalling window.
In general, opening the contactor did not help to prevent the compressor from stalling; it just delayed it
except when exposed to the long notch transient where it did not stall and returned to normal running
mode. When the contactor opened under the delayed recovery type of transients and then reclosed, the
compressor stalled for as long as 11.4 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor. When the contactor opened under the circuit breaker clearing type of transients and then
reclosed, the compressor stalled and then either returned to normal running mode or went into the NO-
LOAD condition. If the unit did not restart normally or went into the NO-LOAD condition, then the
compressor needed to be turned off and then on again in order to restart normally. The compressor at the
NO-LOAD condition consumed ½ of the normal running power but without producing any work
(cooling). At high temperatures, the compressor is more sensitive to transients where most of the tests
ended up in NO-LOAD condition or the unit did not restart normally after the thermal protection switch
reclosed.

This air conditioner unit was also tested under overcharge conditions. The stalling behavior was similar
for all cases except that the stalling threshold voltage increased to 60% at 80 °F, 70% at 100 °F, and 78%
at 115 °F. The power contactor dropout voltage did not change and is 45%.

9.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR
Manufacturer Rheem Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit RAB048-JAZ Model 5KCP39GG
Evaporator Coil CK3BA048 Voltage (V) 220/240
Size (Tons) 4 Current (I) 1.5
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 1.5
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 1075
SEER 10 FLA (AMPS) 1.5
Condition New
Unit Cost $1,171.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Cutler-Hammer
COMPRESSOR Model C25CNY42
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240/277
Model ZR47KC-PFV-235 FLA (AMPS) 30
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 150
FLA (AMPS) 26.5 Resistance 40
LRA (AMPS) 131
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer CSC
Charge (LBS) 6.4 Model 328P4505H37N37P5X
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) 398.8 Capacitance (µF) 50
PMAXLow (PSI) 290

9.2 TEST PARAMETERS

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 74.2 96.4 118.6
TOUTLET (°C) 90.8 118.8 147.2
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 107.5 141.2 175.7
TCASE (°C) 124.2 163.6 204.3
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 2627.4 3193.4 3847.6
PLOW (PSI) 3111.1 3777.9 4547.2
PHIGH (PSI) 3594.7 4362.3 5246.8
IRUNNING (A) 4078.3 4946.8 5946.4
WRUNNING (W) 4562.0 5531.3 6646.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 5045.6 6115.7 7345.6

A more detailed internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 --

Attachment # 6.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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Overcharged)
80°F 100°F 115°F
TINLET (°C) 74.2 96.4 118.6
TOUTLET (°C) 90.8 118.8 147.2
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 107.5 141.2 175.7
TCASE (°C) 124.2 163.6 204.3
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 2627.4 3193.4 3847.6
PLOW (PSI) 3111.1 3777.9 4547.2
PHIGH (PSI) 3594.7 4362.3 5246.8
IRUNNING (A) 4078.3 4946.8 5946.4
WRUNNING (W) 4562.0 5531.3 6646.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 5045.6 6115.7 7345.6

9.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This unit took approximately 13 cycles to come to the normal steady running state. The data
below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 222 VAC
IINRUSH 137 A
W INRUSH 21,300 W
VARINRUSH 21,900 VAR
t 15 cycles

9.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened at 45% voltage sag. The compressor had the following responses
right after contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ The compressor returned to the normal running state after the power contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
The compressor restarted normally right after the power contactor reclosed or after the thermal
protection switch reclosed.
ƒ At 80 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 167 VAC, right after
contactor reclosed for as long as 11.4 seconds before the compressor returned to the
normal running mode.
ƒ At 100 °F

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o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 83 Amps at 166 VAC, right after
contactor reclosed for as long as 11.4 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the unit.
ƒ At 115 °F
O The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 81 Amps at 160 VAC, right after
contactor reclosed for as long as 9.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the unit.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ At 80 °F
o Usually the compressor returned to normal running state after power contactor reclosed.
o Occasionally the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 127 Amps at 223 VAC,
then returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At 100 °F
o At times the compressor returned to the normal running state after the power contactor
reclosed.
o At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 124 Amps at 224 VAC, then
went into a NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At 115 °F
o At times the compressor returned to the normal running state after power contactor
reclosed.
o At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 122 Amps at 224 VAC, then
went into a NO-LOAD condition.

9.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

The compressor had the following threshold voltages 58% at 80 °F, 63% at 100 °F, and 70% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 58% to 45% at 80 °F, 63% to 45% at 100 °F, and 45% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor but did not always open after the compressor
stalled. The compressor did not always restarted normally after either the thermal protection
switch reclosed or the unit stalled. It needed to be turned off and then on again in order to restart
normally. The compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 112
VAC, for as long as 30 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to normal
running mode. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 51 Amps at 102 VAC, for the
complete transient time and then returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 69 Amps at 131 VAC, for as long
as 25.5 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The unit did not restart normally.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 123 VAC, for as long
as 1.0 second and then the unit went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 100 °F

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ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 54 Amps at 109 VAC, for the
complete transient time and then returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 124 VAC, for the
complete transient time and then at recovery the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 69 Amps at 136 VAC, for as long
as 0.7 seconds and then the compressor went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed again the compressor returned to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 57 Amps at 112 VAC, for the
complete transient time and then returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 79 Amps at 160 VAC, for as long
as 7.1 seconds and then the compressor went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.

9.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 58% at 80 °F, 63% at 100 °F, and 70% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 58% to 45% at 80 °F, 63% to 45% at 100 °F, and 70% to 45% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor but did not always open after stalling and
instead went into the NO-LOAD condition. At times, the compressor did not return to normal
running state after the thermal protection switch reclosed and need it to be turned off and then on
again in order to return to the normal running mode. The compressor stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 80 Amps at 166 VAC, for as long as 14.8 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. At times the compressor stalled as
long as 1 second, drawing approximately 50 Amps at 103 VAC, then went into the NO-LOAD
condition. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as
11.4 seconds , drawing approximately 82 Amps at 167 VAC, before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 81 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as 12.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 82 Amps at 167 VAC, for as long as 11.4 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long
as 14.0 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The compressor did not restart normally.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 50 Amps at 103 VAC, for as long
as 1.0 second. It then went into the NO-LOAD condition.

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ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 83 Amps at 166 VAC, for as long as 11.4 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 80 Amps at 166 VAC, for as long
as 14.8 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
The compressor did not restart normally.
ƒ At times the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 78 Amps at 153 VAC, for as long
as 0.9 seconds before the compressor went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 81 Amps at 160 VAC, for as long as 9.5 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.

9.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at
115 °F when exposed to the Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: 55% to 45% at 80 °F, 60% to 45% at 100 °F, and 65% to 45% at 115
°F. The thermal protection switch never opened after stalling to protect the compressor. This
compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 127 Amps at 223 VAC then
either it returned to the normal running mode or went into the NO-LOAD condition. This
compressor did not stall with the 3 cycle transient at 80 °F. If the power contactor opened and then
reclosed, the compressor usually stalled and went into the IDLE condition and at other times it
returned to the normal running mode. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor did not stall with the 3 cycle transients.
ƒ At times, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 127 Amps at 223 VAC, for as
long as 0.6 seconds and then the compressor went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ At times, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 128 Amps at 223 VAC for as long
as 0.5 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the unit either returned to the normal
running mode or stalled, drawing approximately 127 Amps at 223 VAC, for 0.5 seconds
before returning to the normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ Usually the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 124 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long
as 0.4 seconds before the compressor went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ Sometime the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 124 Amps at 224 VAC, for as
long as 0.4 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor either returned to the
normal running mode or stalled, drawing approximately 124 Amps at 224 VAC, for a
couple of cycles and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ Usually the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 122 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long
as 0.4 seconds and then the compressor went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ Sometime the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 122 Amps at 224 VAC, for as
long as 0.5 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.

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ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor either returned to the
normal running mode or stalled, drawing approximately 122 Amps at 224 VAC, for 0.3
seconds before it went into the NO-LOAD condition.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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10.0 A/C #7 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three types of transients.
When exposed to the long notch type of transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 74 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long as 30.0 seconds before returning to the normal running
mode. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 85 Amps at 163 VAC, for as long as 11.0 seconds
before returning to the normal running mode, when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transients in
the stalling window. The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 130 Amps at 223 VAC except at 80
°F, for about 0.5 seconds before returning to the normal running mode, when exposed to the circuit
breaker clearing type of transients in the stalling window. There were a couple of cases where the unit
went into the NO-LOAD condition at the circuit breaker clearing type of transient. If the power contactor
opened under the delayed recovery transient and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 83 Amps at 163 VAC, for as long as 6 seconds before returning to the normal running
mode. In general, opening the contactor did not help to prevent the compressor from stalling; it just
delayed it. If the compressor went into the IDLE condition, then the compressor needed to be turned off
and then on again in order to return to the normal running mode. The compressor at the NO-LOAD
condition consumed ½ of the normal running power but without producing any work (cooling).

10.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Carrier Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit 38TRA-048 Model 5KCP39GFS166S
Evaporator Coil CK3BA048 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 4 Current (I) 0.95
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 0.2
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 825
SEER 12.5 FLA (AMPS) 1.1
Condition New
Unit Cost $1,930.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Product Unlimited
COMPRESSOR Model HN51KCF024
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240/277
Model ZR47K3-PFV-135 FLA (AMPS) 30
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 150
FLA (AMPS) 22.7 Resistance 40
LRA (AMPS) 137
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer GE
Charge (LBS) 9.75 Model 97F9898
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 440
PMAX High (PSI) 398.8 Capacitance (µF) 60
PMAXLow (PSI) 290

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10.2 TEST PARAMETERS

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 21.7 22.2 21.7
TOUTLET (°C) 10.1 10.0 10.5
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 26.1 37.4 46.0
TCASE (°C) 67.5 84.3 98.4
TGAS (°C) - - -
TLIQ (°C) - - -
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.9 1.6 1.5
PLOW (PSI) 59.7 60.3 63.3
PHIGH (PSI) 192.4 254.6 312.9
IRUNNING (A) 15.0 19.0 22.0
WRUNNING (W) 3525.0 4279.0 5029.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 1050.0 1098.0 1159.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 7.

10.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This unit took approximately 12 cycles before entering its normal steady running state. The data
below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 222 VAC
IINRUSH 133 A
W INRUSH 22,000 W
VARINRUSH 19,700 VAR
t 12 cycles

10.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened at 50% voltage sag. The compressor had the following responses
right after contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ The compressor never stalled after the power contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 83 Amps at 163 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 6 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.

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♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ The compressor returned to the normal running mode after the power contactor reclosed
except in one case where it stalled. In this case, it drew approximately 121 Amps at 233
VAC, for a couple of cycles and then went into the NO-LOAD condition.

10.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 68% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 55% to 50% at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 68% to 50% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch seldom opened to protect the compressor and the compressor did not restart
normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed. The compressor stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 74 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long as 30 seconds before it returned
to the normal running state. On one occasion, the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor after stalling for 21 seconds and the compressor did not restart normally. If the power
contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal running mode. The
following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 68 Amps at 123 VAC, for as long as 30
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 74 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long as 30
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 72 Amps at 135 VAC, for as long as 30
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode except in one case where the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart
normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.

10.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at
115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 55% to 50% at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 65% to 50% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch never opened to protect the compressor and it returned to the normal
running mode after any stall. The compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing
approximately 85 Amps at 163 VAC, for as long as 11 seconds before it returned to the normal
running mode. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 83 Amps at 163 VAC, for as long as 6 seconds before it returned to the normal

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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running mode. In general, opening the contactor did not prevent the compressor from stalling, it
just delayed the stall. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 85 Amps at 163 VAC, for as long as 11
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 85 Amps at 159 VAC, for as long as 6 seconds before returning to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 81 Amps at 158 VAC, for as long as 10
seconds before returning to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 85 Amps at 164 VAC, for as long as 6 seconds before returning to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 79 Amps at 160 VAC, for as long as 10
seconds before returning to normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 83 Amps at 163 VAC, for as long as 6 seconds before returning to the
normal running mode.

10.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 55% at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at
115 °F when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: 55% to 50% at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 65% to 50% at 115
°F. The thermal protection switch never opened to protect the compressor. This compressor did
not stall at 80 °F. In general, the compressor did not stall except in a couple of cases where it
stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 130 Amps at 223 VAC, for as long as 0.5
seconds and then went into a NO-LOAD condition. If the power contactor opened and then
reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal running mode except in couple cases. In these
cases, it stalled, drawing approximately 121 Amps at 233 VAC, and then went into the NO-LOAD
condition. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor did not stall in the stalling window.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 130 Amps at 223 VAC, for as long as 0.5
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor mostly returned to the
normal running mode except in one case where it stalled. In this case it drew
approximately 121 Amps at 233 VAC, for couple of cycles and then went into the NO-
LOAD condition.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 127 Amps at 123 VAC, for as long as 0.4
seconds before it went into the NO-LOAD condition.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to a normal
running mode.
Page 55 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
11.0 A/C #8 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three types of transients.
When exposed to the long notch type of transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 64 Amps at 137 VAC, for as long as 8.1 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor but the unit did not restart normally. When exposed to the delayed
recovery type of transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing approximately 69
Amps at 154 VAC, for as long as 6.3 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor but the unit did not restart normally. When exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of
transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing approximately 111 Amps at 225 VAC,
before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor but the unit did not restart normally.
When the contactor opened under the delayed recovery type of transients and then reclosed, the
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 77 Amps at 169 VAC, for as long as 5.6 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor but did not restart normally. In general,
opening the contactor did not help to prevent the compressor from stalling; it just delayed the stall.

11.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Goodman Manufacturer A.O. Smith
Condenser Unit CLK048 Model F48F97A76
Evaporator Coil CK3BA048 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 4 Current (I) 1.5
Compressor Type Reciprocating Power (HP) 0.25
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 1075
SEER 10 FLA (AMPS) 1.8
Condition New
Unit Cost $953.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer GE
COMPRESSOR Model CR453CCHBAFG
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240/277
Model CR42K6-PFV-223 FLA (AMPS) 30
Type Reciprocating LRA (AMPS) 180
FLA (AMPS) 18.3 Resistance 40
LRA (AMPS) 102
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer GE
Charge (LBS) 7 Model 97F9638
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 440
PMAX High (PSI) - Capacitance (µF) 40
PMAXLow (PSI) -

11.2 TEST PARAMETERS

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.0 21.9 21.9
TOUTLET (°C) 10.9 11.8 13.0
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 26.6 37.6 45.9
TCASE (°C) 43.2 41.9 47.2
TGAS (°C) 7.9 9.3 11.7
TLIQ (°C) 33.0 44.5 52.5
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.7 1.5 1.7
PLOW (PSI) 65.3 69.0 74.3
PHIGH (PSI) 205.3 270.9 324.5
IRUNNING (A) 17.0 19.0 20.0
WRUNNING (W) 3762.0 4221.0 4535.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 1700.0 1750.0 1750.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 8.

11.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This unit took approximately 12 cycles before entering its normal steady running state. The data
below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 223 VAC
IINRUSH 119 A
W INRUSH 19,200 W
VARINRUSH 18,500 VAR
t 12 cycles

11.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened with a 53% voltage sag. In general, opening the contactor made the
compressor stall harder after the contactor reclosed with the unit not returning to the normal
running state. The compressor needed to be turned off and then on again in order to return to the
normal running state. The compressor had the following responses right after contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 115 Amps at 226 VAC, right after
contactor reclosed for as long as 2.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 77 Amps at 169 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 5.6 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened
to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 112 Amps at 225 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 1.7 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened
to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.

11.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 65% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 68% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 65% to 53% at 80 °F, 65% to 53% at 100 °F, and 68% to 53% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor but the compressor never
restarted normally. The compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 64
Amps at 137 VAC, for as long as 8.1 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled,
drawing approximately 115 Amps at 226 VAC, for as long as 2.2 seconds. The unit did not restart
normally. The following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 137 VAC, for as long as 7.5
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 115 Amps at 226 VAC, for as long as 2.2 seconds before the thermal
protection opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 137 VAC, for as long as 8.1
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 114 Amps at 227 VAC, for as long as 1.9 seconds before the thermal
protection opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 63 Amps at 137 VAC, for as long as 7.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 112 Amps at 226 VAC, for as long as 2.0 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.

11.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 65% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 68% at
115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
Page 58 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
are the following: 65% to 53% at 80 °F, 65% to 53% at 100 °F, and 68% to 53% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor but the unit never
restarted normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed. The compressor stalled in the
stalling window, drawing approximately 69 Amps at 154 VAC, for as long as 6.3 seconds before
the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 77 Amps at 169 VAC, for as long as
5.6 seconds. The unit did not restart normally. In general, opening the contactor did not prevent
the compressor from stalling it just delayed it. The following are the details for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 70 Amps at 151 VAC, for as long as 6.0
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 77 Amps at 166 VAC, for as long as 1.3 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 70 Amps at 153 VAC, for as long as 5.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 77 Amps at 169 VAC, for as long as 5.6 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 69 Amps at 154 VAC, for as long as 6.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 75 Amps at 168 VAC, for as long as 5.0 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.

11.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 65% at 80 °F, 65% at 100 °F, and 68% at
115 °F when exposed to the Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: 65% to 50% at 80 °F, 65% to 50% at 100 °F, and 68% to 50% at 115
°F. The thermal protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor but never
restarted normally after the thermal protection switch reclosed. The compressor stalled in the
stalling window, drawing approximately 111 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.9 seconds before
the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 112 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long
as 1.7 seconds. The unit did not restart normally. In general, opening the contactor did not
prevent the compressor from stalling it just delayed it. The following are the details for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 113 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.5
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 114 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.7 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 112 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.7
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 113 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.7 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 111 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.9
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit
did not restart normally.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 112 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 1.7 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The unit did not restart normally.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
12.0 A/C #9 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three types of transients.
When exposed to the long notch type of transients at the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 64 Amps at 49 VAC, for as long as 25.3 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor. In a particular test, the compressor stalled twice, the first for 5.3
seconds and the second for 1.0 second, and in both cases the thermal protection switch opened to protect
the compressor. When exposed to the delayed recovery type of transients in the stalling window, this
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 67 Amps at 166 VAC, for as long as 11.9 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor or it stalled drawing approximately 66 Amps
at 147 VAC, for as long as 10.9 seconds before returning to the normal running mode. When exposed to
the circuit breaker clearing type of transients in the stalling window except at 80 °F, this compressor
stalled, drawing approximately 114 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long as 1.7 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor. It also stalled, drawing approximately 113 Amps at
225 VAC, for as long as 0.9 seconds before returning to the normal running mode. When the contactor
opened under the delayed recovery type of transients and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 72 Amps at 157 VAC, for as long as 11.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor or stalled, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 175 VAC, for as long as
3.0 before returning to the normal running mode. In general, opening the contactor did not help to prevent
the compressor from stalling; it just delayed it.

12.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Day & Night Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit 5680J048 Model 5KCP39GJ352S
Evaporator Coil CK3BA048 Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 4 Current (I) 1
Compressor Type Reciprocating Power (HP) 0.1
Refrigerant R-22 RPM 825
SEER 10 FLA (AMPS) 1
Condition Used
Unit Cost $0.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Cutler-Hammer
COMPRESSOR Model C35BNB 240T
Manufacturer Copeland Weld Rating (V) 240
Model CRL1-0350-PFV FLA (AMPS) 40
Type Reciprocating LRA (AMPS) 240
FLA (AMPS) 24 Resistance 50
LRA (AMPS) 114
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R22 Manufacturer SPRAGUE/GE/GE
Charge (LBS) 11.25 Model HC95DE208 / 97F5362 / 97F5341
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 320 / 440 / 440
PMAX High (PSI) - Capacitance (µF) - / 25 / 15
PMAXLow (PSI) -

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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12.2 TEST PARAMETERS

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.4 22.8 24.1
TOUTLET (°C) 12.4 13.1 15.0
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 25.7 37.9 46.5
TCASE (°C) 31.1 42.0 51.5
TGAS (°C) 8.4 9.5 12.9
TLIQ (°C) 22.7 29.3 37.0
RFLOW (Kcfm) 1.5 1.5 1.5
PLOW (PSI) 67.4 70.7 77.6
PHIGH (PSI) 198.0 261.9 313.0
IRUNNING (A) 20.0 23.0 25.0
WRUNNING (W) 4347.0 4892.0 5380.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 2124.0 2221.0 2330.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 9.

12.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

This unit took approximately 5 cycles before entering its normal steady running state. The data
below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 224 VAC
IINRUSH 119 A
W INRUSH 23,050 W
VARINRUSH 13,200 VAR
t 5 cycles

12.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened with a 55% voltage sag. Opening the contactor did not help to
prevent stalling, it just delayed it. The compressor had the following responses right after the
contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ The compressor never stalled after the contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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ƒ At 80 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 71 Amps at 152 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 2.0 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
ƒ At 100 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 72 Amps at 157 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 11.2 seconds before the thermal protection switch
opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ At 115 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 82 Amps at 175 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 3.0 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ At 80 °F
o The compressor never stalled after the contactor reclosed.
ƒ At 100 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 115 Amps at 224 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.9 seconds then the unit returned to the normal
running mode.
ƒ At 115 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 113 Amps at 225 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.9 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.

12.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 65% at 80 °F, 70% at 100 °F, and 75% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 65% to 55% at 80 °F, 70% to 55% at 100 °F, and 75% to 55% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened after each stall to protect the compressor. The compressor stalled in the
stalling window, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 49 VAC, for as long as 25.3 seconds before
the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal running mode. The following are the details
for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 54 Amps at 138 VAC, for as long as 22.0
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ In a particular test, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 70 Amps at 148 VAC,
for as long as 5.3 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the
compressor. Then the thermal protection switch reclosed and the unit stalled again,
drawing approximately 69 Amps at 148 VAC, for 1.0 second before it returned to the
normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 64 Amps at 49 VAC, for as long as 25.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
Page 63 of 102 pages
 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ In a particular test the unit stalled, drawing approximately 68 Amps at 163 VAC, for the
complete transient period without opening the thermal protection switch to protect the
compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 63 Amps at 148 VAC, for as long as 17.7
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.

12.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 60% at 80 °F, 70% at 100 °F, and 70% at
115 °F when exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows
are the following: 60% to 55% at 80 °F, 70% to 55% at 100 °F, and 70% to 55% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch rarely opened to protect the compressor. The compressor stalled in the
stalling window, drawing approximately 75 Amps at 164 VAC, for as long as 11.9 seconds before
the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. At times, the compressor stalled,
drawing approximately 66 Amps at 147 VAC, for as long as 10.9 seconds without opening the
thermal protection switch and then returned to the normal running mode. If the power contactor
opened and then reclosed, the compressor either stalled, drawing approximately 72 Amps at 157
VAC, for as long as 3.0 seconds before returned to the normal running mode or stalled, drawing
approximately 82 Amps at 175 VAC, for as long as 11.2 seconds before the thermal protection
switch opened to protect the compressor. In general, opening the contactor did not prevent the
compressor from stalling it just delayed it. The following are the details for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 66 Amps at 147 VAC, for as long as 10.9
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 71 Amps at 152 VAC, for as long as 2.0 seconds before returning to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 67 Amps at 166 VAC, for as long as 9.0
seconds before returning to the normal running mode.
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 75 Amps at 164 VAC, for as long as 11.9
seconds before thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 72 Amps at 157 VAC, for as long as 11.2 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 72 Amps at 169 VAC, for as long as 4.7
seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 72 Amps at 156 VAC, for as long as 7.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 82 Amps at 175 VAC, for as long as 3.0 seconds before returning to the
normal running state.

12.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages no-stall at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 65% at
115 °F when exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: NONE at 80 °F, 60% to 45% at 100 °F, and 65% to 50% at 115 °F.
The thermal protection switch rarely opened to protect the compressor furthermore the compressor
restarted normally after each stall. This compressor never stalled at 80 °F. The compressor stalled
in the stalling window, drawing approximately 114 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long as 1.7 seconds
before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. At times, the compressor
stalled, drawing approximately 113 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 0.9 seconds before returning
to the normal running mode. If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor
either stalled, drawing approximately 115 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long as 0.9 seconds or
returned to the normal running mode. In general, opening the contactor did not prevent the
compressor from stalling it just delayed it. The following are the details for each of the
temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor never stalled in the stalling window.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor only stalled with the 12 cycles transient, drawing approximately 114 Amps
at 224 VAC, for as long as 1.7 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to
protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressors either stalled, drawing
approximately 115 Amps at 224 VAC, for as long as 0.9 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor only stalled at the 6 and 12 cycle transients, drawing approximately 113
Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 0.9 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 113 Amps at 225 VAC, for as long as 0.8 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
13.0 A/C #10 - TEST RESULTS

The air conditioner’s compressor stalled when the voltage was in the stalling window (between the stall
threshold voltage and contactor dropout voltage) when exposed to any of the three types of transients
except at 80 °F with the delayed recovery type of transients. When exposed to the long notch type of
transients in the stalling window, this compressor stalled, drawing approximately 88 Amps at 133 VAC,
for as long as 27.3 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor or
stalled, drawing approximately 88 Amps at 128 VAC, for 30 seconds before returning to the normal
running mode. When exposed to the delayed recovery type of transients in the stalling window, this
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 103 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as 11.5 seconds before
either the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor or it returned to the normal running
mode. When exposed to the circuit breaker clearing type of transients in the stalling window except at 80
°F, this compressor stalled, drawing approximately 153 Amps at 219 VAC, for as long as 0.9 seconds
before returning to the normal running mode. When the contactor opened under the delayed recovery
type of transients and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 120 Amps at 180
VAC, for as long as 6.6 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor or
stalled for as long as 0.7 before returning to the normal running mode. In general, opening the contactor
did not help to prevent the compressor from stalling; it just delayed it.

13.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

The tested air conditioner system has the following specifications:

MAIN SYSTEM FAN MOTOR

Manufacturer Carrier Manufacturer GE
Condenser Unit 38TXA060-31 Model 5KCP39FG S071 S
Evaporator Coil TBD Voltage (V) 208/230
Size (Tons) 5 Current (I) 1.4
Compressor Type Scroll Power (HP) 0.25
Refrigerant R-410A RPM 1100
SEER 13 FLA (AMPS) 1.4
Condition New
Unit Cost $2,253.00 CONTACTOR
Manufacturer Product Unlimited
COMPRESSOR Model 3100-30Q1028TT
Manufacturer Copeland Rating (V) 240
Model ZP54K3E-PFV-130 FLA (AMPS) 40
Type Scroll LRA (AMPS) 240
FLA (AMPS) 27.6 Resistance -
LRA (AMPS) 158
Phase 1 CAPACITOR
Refrigerant R410A Manufacturer GE
Charge (LBS) 11.5 Model 27L681
Voltage (V) 230/208 Rating (V) 370
PMAX High (PSI) 623.7 Capacitance (µF) 80
PMAXLow (PSI) 406.1

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

13.2 TEST PARAMETERS

This air conditioner unit has the following testing parameters.

80°F 100°F 115°F

TINLET (°C) 22.6 22.4 22.2
TOUTLET (°C) 12.9 13.5 15.3
TCOMP. AMB. (°C) 26.3 38.0 46.5
TCASE (°C) 86.6 109.0 130.7
TGAS (°C) 15.8 18.2 21.8
TLIQ (°C) 25.2 37.0 44.8
RFLOW (Kcfm) 2.3 2.0 2.2
PLOW (PSI) 90.4 95.8 105.8
PHIGH (PSI) 310.6 415.4 490.8
IRUNNING (A) 21.0 26.0 32.0
WRUNNING (W) 4561.0 5948.0 7234.0
VARRUNNING (VAR) 1602.0 1750.0 1941.0

A more detail internal performance parameter table can be found in APPENDIX #2 -- Attachment
# 10.

13.3 INRUSH TEST RESULTS

It would take approximately 22 cycles to come into its normal steady running state. The data
below was recorded for the whole air conditioner system.

Inrush
VINRUSH 218 VAC
IINRUSH 163 A
W INRUSH 25,950 W
VARINRUSH 24,300 VAR
t 22 cycles

13.4 POWER CONTACTOR TEST RESULTS

The power contactor opened at a 55% voltage sag. In general, the thermal protection switch never
opened to protect the unit from stalling after the contactor reclosed. The compressor had the
following responses right after contactor reclosed:
♦ Long notch type of transient
ƒ The compressor never stalled after contactor reclosed.
♦ Delayed Recovery type of transient

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ At 80 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 120 Amps at 180 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 6.6 seconds before the thermal protection opened to
protect the compressor.
ƒ At 100 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 111 Amps at 161 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.7 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
ƒ At 115 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 110 Amps at 165 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.7 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
♦ Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transient
ƒ At 80 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 162 Amps at 219 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 4.0 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
ƒ At 100 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 159 Amps at 219 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.9 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.
ƒ At 115 °F
o The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 155 Amps at 219 VAC, right after the
contactor reclosed for as long as 0.6 seconds before it returned to the normal running
mode.

13.5 30-SECOND LONG NOTCH TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 58% at 80 °F, 63% at 100 °F, and 70% at
115 °F when exposed to the long notch type of transients. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 58% to 55% at 80 °F, 63% to 55% at 100 °F, and 70% to 55% at 115 °F. The thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor, except in some cases where the compressor
stalled for the complete transient period and the thermal protection switch never opened. The unit
stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 88 Amps at 133 VAC, for as long as 27.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. In some cases the
compressor stalled, drawing approximately 88 Amps at 128 VAC, for the complete transient
period before it returned to the normal running mode. If the power contactor opened and then
reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal running mode. In general, opening the contactor
helped the unit by keeping it out of stalling under this type of transient. The following are the
details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 88 Amps at 128 VAC, for the complete
transient period (30.0 seconds) before returned to normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 100 °F

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 88 Amps at 133 VAC, for as long as 27.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 86 Amps at 134 VAC, for as long as 22.3
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. In one
instance the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 104 Amps at 155 VAC, four (4)
times without opening the thermal protection switch.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor returned to the normal
running mode.

13.6 DELAYED RECOVERY TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

This compressor had the following threshold voltages 63% at 100 °F and 68% at 115 °F when
exposed to the delayed recovery type of transient. Therefore, the stalling windows are the
following: 63% to 55% at 100 °F, and 68% to 55% at 115 °F. The unit did not stall at 80 °F. The
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. The compressor stalled in the stalling
window, drawing approximately 103 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as 11.5 seconds before the
thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. If the power contactor opened and
then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing approximately 120 Amps at 180 VAC, for as long
as 6.6 seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor. There were
a couple cases where the compressor stalled and then returned to the normal running mode. In
general, opening the contactor did not help keep the unit out of stalling under these transients. The
following are the details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor never stalled in the stalling window.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 120 Amps at 180 VAC, for as long as 6.6 seconds before the thermal
protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 106 Amps at 167 VAC, for as long as 11.4
seconds before returning to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 0.7
seconds, drawing approximately 111 Amps at 161 VAC, before returning to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ The compressor stalled, drawing approximately 103 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as 11.5
seconds before the thermal protection switch opened to protect the compressor.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 110 Amps at 165 VAC, for as long as 0.7 seconds before returning to the
normal running mode.

13.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER CLEARING TYPE OF TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
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This compressor had the following threshold voltages: none at 80 °F, 60% at 100 °F, and 68% at
115 °F when exposed to the Circuit Breaker Clearing type of transients. Therefore, the stalling
windows are the following: none at 80 °F, 60% to 50% at 100 °F, and 68% to 50% at 115 °F. The
thermal protection switch never opened to protect the compressor, furthermore the compressor
restarted normally after any stall conditions. This compressor never stalled at 80 °F. The
compressor stalled in the stalling window, drawing approximately 153 Amps at 219 VAC, for as
long as 0.9 seconds before it returned to a normal running mode. If the power contactor opened
and then reclosed, the compressor at times stalled, drawing approximately 162 Amps at 219 VAC,
for as long as 4.0 seconds before returned to normal running mode. In general, opening the
contactor did not prevent the compressor from stalling it just delayed it. The following are the
details for each of the temperatures:
♦ At 80 °F
ƒ The compressor never stalled in the stalling window.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 162 Amps at 219 VAC, for as long as 4.0 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.
♦ At 100 °F
ƒ Only stalled at the 12 cycle transients, drawing approximately 159 Amps at 219 VAC, for
as long as 0.8 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled for as long as 0.9
seconds, drawing approximately 159 Amps at 219 VAC, before it returned to the normal
running mode.
♦ At 115 °F
ƒ Only stalled at 6, 9, and 12 cycle transients, drawing approximately 153 Amps at 219 VAC,
for as long as 0.9 seconds before it returned to the normal running mode.
ƒ If the power contactor opened and then reclosed, the compressor stalled, drawing
approximately 155 Amps at 219 VAC, for as long as 0.6 seconds before it returned to the
normal running mode.

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

14.0 APPENDIXES

14.1 APPENDIX # 1

14.1.1 ATTACHMENT #1 -- AIR CONDITIONER TESTING PROCEDURES

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

14.2 APPENDIX #2

14.2.1 AIR CONDITIONER # 1 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #1 Current (I) Characteristics

70

80F / 100F / 115F

60

50

40
I (A M P )

115F
30
100F
80F

20

10

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #1 Real Power (P) Characteristics

10000
9000
8000 80F / 100F / 115F

7000
6000
P (W )

5000
115F

4000 100F
80F
3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #1 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

7000 80F / 100F / 115F

6000

5000
Q (V A R )

4000

3000

2000
115F
100F

1000 80F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

14.2.2 AIR CONDITIONER # 2 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #2 Current (I) Characteristics

70

60
80F / 100F / 115F

50
I (A M P )

40
115F
100F
30
80F
20

10

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #2 Real Power (P) Characteristics

10000
9000
8000
7000 80F / 100F / 115F

6000
P (W )

5000 115F
100F
4000
3000 80F

2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #2 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

7000

6000
80F / 100F / 115F

5000
Q (V A R )

4000

3000

2000 100F 115F

1000 80F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 77 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

14.2.3 AIR CONDITIONER # 3 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #3 Current (I) Characteristics

70

80F / 100F / 115F

60

50

40
I (A M P)

115F
100F
30 80F

20

10

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #3 Real Power (P) Characteristics

10000

9000

8000
80F / 100F / 115F

7000

6000
115F
P (W )

5000
100F
4000 80F

3000

2000

1000

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 79 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #3 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

7000
80F / 100F / 115F

6000

5000
Q (V A R )

4000

3000

115F
2000 100F
80F

1000

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 80 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

14.2.4 AIR CONDITIONER # 4 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #4 Current (I) Characteristics

70

80F / 100F / 115F

60

50

40
I (A M P )

30 100F
115F

80F
20

10

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #4 Real Power (P) Characteristics

10000
80F / 100F / 115F
9000
8000
7000
6000
P (W )

5000 115F

100F
4000
3000 80F

2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #4 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

7000
80F / 100F / 115F

6000

5000
Q (V A R )

4000

3000

2000 115F
100F

1000 80F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 83 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.2.5 AIR CONDITIONER # 5 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #5 Current (I) Characteristics

110
80F / 100F / 115F
100
90
80
70
I (A M P )

60
50
100F 115F
40
80F

30
20
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #5 Real Power (P) Characteristics

13000
80F / 100F / 115F
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
P (W )

7000
115F
6000
100F
5000
4000 80F

3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 85 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #5 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

13000
80F / 100F / 115F
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
Q (V A R )

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
100F 115F
2000
80F
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 86 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.2.6 AIR CONDITIONER # 6 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #6 Current (I) Characteristics

110
100
90
80F / 100F / 115F
80
70
I (A M P )

60
50
100F 115F
40
80F
30
20
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 87 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #6 Real Power (P) Characteristics

13000
12000
80F / 100F / 115F
11000
10000
9000
8000
P (W )

7000
6000 115F
100F
5000
4000 80F

3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #6 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000 80F / 100F / 115F

8000
Q (V A R )

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000 115F
100F
2000 80F

1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 89 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.2.7 AIR CONDITIONER # 7 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #7 Current (I) Characteristics

110
100
90
80F / 100F / 115F
80
70
I (A M P )

60
50
115F
40
30 80F 100F

20
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 90 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #7 Real Power (P) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000
80F / 100F / 115F
10000
9000
8000
P (W )

7000
6000 115F

5000
100F
4000 80F
3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

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 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #7 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
80F / 100F / 115F
8000
Q (V A R )

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000 115F

2000
1000 80F 100F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 92 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.2.8 AIR CONDITIONER # 8 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #8 Current (I) Characteristics

110
100
90
80
70 80F / 100F / 115F
I (A M P )

60
50
40
30 100F
115F
80F
20
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 93 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #8 Real Power (P) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
80F / 100F / 115F
8000
P (W )

7000
6000
5000 115F
100F
4000 80F

3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 94 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #8 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
Q (V A R )

7000 80F / 100F / 115F

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
100F 115F
1000 80F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 95 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.2.9 AIR CONDITIONER # 9 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #9 Current (I) Characteristics

110
100
90
80
80F / 100F / 115F
70
I (A M P )

60
50
40 115F
80F 100F
30
20
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 96 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #9 Real Power (P) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000 80F / 100F / 115F
10000
9000
8000
P (W )

7000
6000 115F

100F
5000 80F

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 97 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #9 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
Q (V A R )

7000
6000
80F / 100F / 115F
5000
4000
3000 115F
100F
2000 80F

1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 98 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.2.10 AIR CONDITIONER # 10 INTERNAL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

A/C #10 Current (I) Characteristics

140
NOTE: Did not stall @ 80F
130 only after contactor reclosed

120
110 100F / 115F
100
90
80
I (AMP)

70
60 115F
50
80F
40
100F
30
20
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 99 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #10 Real Power (P) Characteristics

16000
NOTE: Did not stall @ 80F
15000 only after contactor reclosed
14000 100F / 115F
13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
P (W )

8000
7000 115F

6000 100F
5000 80F

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 100 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report

A/C #10 Reactive Power (Q) Characteristics

16000
NOTE: Did not stall @ 80F
15000 only after contactor reclosed
14000
13000
12000
100F / 115F
11000
10000
Q (V A R )

9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
115F
2000 100F
1000 80F

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Voltage (%)

Page 101 of 102 pages

 Air Conditioner Stalling Effects Study
Air Conditioner Test Report
14.3 APPENDIX #3

14.3.1 INRUSH REFERENCE GRAPH

Va c = 240 V
VINRUSH

IINRUSH

tINRUSH

FLA

Va c = 0 V I = 0 A

Page 102 of 102 pages