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8 views4 pages

UNIT1

Uploaded by

kirti Patel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIT – 1

Concepts of Programming Language

Introduction of Source Code, Object Code and Executable code

Source code is the text used to express instructions at a high-level


that is human readable. Source code is the program that we write in
an editor and save with an extension which is un-compiled (High
Level English Language). Source code is not CPU executable.

Object code is the output of a compiler after it processes the source


code. The object code is usually a machine code in a machine
language, which can be understood directly by a specific type of CPU
(central processing unit). Object code is CPU executable.

Executable code (also called the Binary code) is the output of a


linker after it processes the object code linked with other object code
files (e.g. libraries).

.EXE is a file extension for an executable file format.


An executable is a file that contains a program - that is, a particular
kind of file that is capable of being executed or run as a program in
the computer.
Algorithm

The step-by-step procedure to solve the problem is called an


Algorithm.

E.g.: Write an algorithm to add two numbers.


Step-1. Start
Step-2. Get the two numbers
Step-3. Add the two numbers
Step-4. Print the sum
Step-5. Stop
Flowchart

A flowchart is a graphical representation of the sequence of


operations
in sequential order used in presenting the flow of an algorithm.

Example of a Flowchart
Types of Programming Languages

1. Low Level Language (Machine Language)


2. Assembly Language
3. High Level Language

1. Low Level Language (Machine Language):


 Low level computer languages are machine codes or close to it.
 Computer can’t understand instructions given in high level
languages or in English. It can only understand machine
language i.e. language of 0 and 1.
 Machine language is sometimes also referred as the binary
language because it has base-2 i-e, the language of 0 and 1.
 Very few computer programs are actually written in machine
language.

2. Assembly Level Language:


 It is an intermediate language which is written using
mnemonics and 1’s and 0’s.
 It is a 2nd generation language.
 Since the computer cannot understand it directly, it needs to
be translated into machine-level language.
 It requires a program called Assembler for converting
assembly code to machine code.
3. High Level Language:
 High level language programs are written in English language.
 The programs cannot be executed directly. It needs to be
converted to machine level language for execution.
 It requires a translator called ‘Compiler’ or ‘Interpreter’ for
converting high-level to machine-level language.
 E.g.: BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL, COBOL, etc. They are also
known as Procedure-oriented languages.
 Programmer needs to specify complete instructions in order to
perform a task in high level language.
Note :C language is belonging to middle level language. C
language behaves as a bridge between machine level (low level)
languages and high level languages.

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