Probability DPP -

Crash Course
Q1. A five digit number is formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition.
Find the probability that the number formed is divisible by 4.
Q2. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first 100 natural
numbers. Find the probability that all the three of them are divisible by both 2
and 3.
Q3. Two natural numbers are selected randomly from first 10 natural
numbers. Define events
A = both numbers are primes
B = both numbers are twin primes
C = sum of numbers is odd.
Find P(A), P(B), P(C), odds in favour of A & odds against B.
Q4. A bag contains 5 white & 4 red balls. 3 balls are drawn. Odds against all three
are red is

A 10 : 1

B 20 : 1

C 35 : 1

D 40 : 1
Q5. If then find the
value of p.
Q6. The probability of a student passing in mathematics is and in physics is
and the probability of passing in both physics and mathematics is Find the
probability that the student will pass at least one of the subjects and none of
the subject.
Q7. In a class of 125 students 70 passed in Mathematics, 55 in Statistics and 30
in both. Then find the probability that a student selected at random from the
class, has passed in only one subject.
Q8. The probability of hitting a target by three marksmen are
Then find the probability that one and only one of them will hit the target when
they fire simultaneously.
Q9. Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with
probabilities If this problem is given to them then what is
the probability that all of them will solve it correctly.

D
Q10. A dice is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed
to be 6. What is the conditional probability that the number 4 has appeared at
least once?
Q11. A bag contains 10 white and 15 black balls. Two balls are drawn in
succession without replacement. What is the probability that the first ball is
white and the second is black?
Q12. A coin is tossed three times in succession. If E is the event that there are at
least two heads and F is the event in which first throw is head, then find
Q13. ‘X’ speaks truth in 60% and ‘Y’ in 50% of the cases. Find the probability that
they contradict each other narrating the same incident.
Q14. A speaks truth in 60% of the cases and B in 90% of the cases. In what
percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same
fact?
Q15. Box 1 contain 3 white & 2 black balls while Box 2 contain 2 white & 3 black
balls. Two ball are randomly shifted from Box 1 to Box 2, now probability of
drawing a black ball from Box 2 is

D
Q16. A and B throw alternately with a pair of dice. A wins if he throws 6 before B
throws 7 and B wins if he throws 7 before A throws 6. Find the chance of
winning if A makes the first throw.
Q17. A bag contains n + 1 coins. It is known that one of these coins shows heads
on both sides, whereas the other coins are fair. One coin is selected at random
and tossed. If the probability that toss results in heads is then find the
value of n.
Q18. A bag contains 4 red and 3 black balls. A second bag contains 2 red and 4
black balls. One bag is selected at random. From the selected bag, one ball is
drawn. Find the probability that the ball drawn is red.
Q19. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the result is head, a pair of unbiased dice is
rolled and the number obtained by adding the number on the two faces is noted.
What is the probability that the noted number is either 7 or 8?
Q20. A lot contains 20 articles. The probability that the lot contains exactly two
defective articles is 0.4 and the probability that the lot contains exactly 3
defective articles is 0.6. Articles are drawn from the lot at random one by one,
without replacement and are tested till all the defective articles are found. What
is the probability that the testing procedure ends at the 12th testing?
Q21. In an entrance test, there are multiple choice questions. There are four
possible answers to each question, of which one is correct. The probability that
a student knows the answer to a question is 90%. If he gets the correct answer
to a question, then find the probability that he was guessing.
Q22. A company has two plants to manufacture bicycles. The first plant
manufactures 60% of the bicycles and the second plant 40%. Out of that 80% of
the bicycles are rated of standard quality at the first plant and 90% of standard
quality at the second plant. A bicycle is picked up at random and found to be of
standard quality. Find the probability that it comes from the second plant.
Q23. In a test, an examinee either guesses or copies or knows the answer to a
multiple-choice questions with four choices. The probability that he makes a
guess is and the probability that he copies the answer is The
probability that his answer is correct, given that he copied it is Find the
probability that he knew the answer to the question, given that he correctly
answered it.
Q24. A box contains N coins, m of which are fair and the rest are biased. The
probability of getting a head when a fair coin is tossed is while it is when
a biased coin is tossed. A coin is drawn from the box at random and is tossed
twice. The first time it shows a head and the second time it shows a tail. What
is the probability that the coin drawn is fair?
Q25. Die A has 4 red and 2 white faces whereas die B has 2 red and 4 white
faces. A coin is flipped once. If is shows a head, the game continues by
throwing die A; if it shows tail, then die B is to be used. If the probability that
die A is used is when it is given that red turns up every time in first n
throws, then find the value of n.
Q26. Find the probability distribution of X, the number of heads in two tosses of
a coin (or a simultaneous toss of two coins)
Q27. An urn contains 4 white and 6 red balls. 4 balls are drawn at random from
the urn. Find the probability distribution of the number of white balls.
Q28. An unbiased die is thrown twice. Find the probability distribution of the
number of sixes.
Q29. A pair of fair dice is thrown 4 times. Find the probability of getting a
doublet at least 2 times.
Q30. The probability that a student can get a chance in IIT is . He tries 5 times
to get a chance. Find the probability that he tries to get a chance in IIT at least 3
times.
Probability DPP -
Crash Course
Solutions
Q1. A five digit number is formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition.
Find the probability that the number formed is divisible by 4.
Solution:
Q2. If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first 100 natural
numbers. Find the probability that all the three of them are divisible by both 2
and 3.
Solution:
Q3. Two natural numbers are selected randomly from first 10 natural
numbers. Define events
A = both numbers are primes
B = both numbers are twin primes
C = sum of numbers is odd.
Find P(A), P(B), P(C), odds in favour of A & odds against B.
Solution:

Given, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

Here, prime numbers = {2, 3, 5, 7}
Twin primes = {(3, 5), (5, 7)}
Sum of numbers is odd when one even and one odd number is added
Solution:

Odds in favour of A =

Odds against B =
Q4. A bag contains 5 white & 4 red balls. 3 balls are drawn. Odds against all three
are red is

A 10 : 1

B 20 : 1

C 35 : 1

D 40 : 1
Solution:
Q5. If then find the
value of p.
Solution:
Q6. The probability of a student passing in mathematics is and in physics is
and the probability of passing in both physics and mathematics is Find the
probability that the student will pass at least one of the subjects and none of
the subject.
Solution:
Q7. In a class of 125 students 70 passed in Mathematics, 55 in Statistics and 30
in both. Then find the probability that a student selected at random from the
class, has passed in only one subject.
Solution:
Q8. The probability of hitting a target by three marksmen are
Then find the probability that one and only one of them will hit the target when
they fire simultaneously.
Solution:
Q9. Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with
probabilities If this problem is given to them then what is
the probability that all of them will solve it correctly.

D
Solution:
Q10. A dice is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed
to be 6. What is the conditional probability that the number 4 has appeared at
least once?
Solution:
Q11. A bag contains 10 white and 15 black balls. Two balls are drawn in
succession without replacement. What is the probability that the first ball is
white and the second is black?
Solution:
Q12. A coin is tossed three times in succession. If E is the event that there are at
least two heads and F is the event in which first throw is head, then find
Solution:
Q13. ‘X’ speaks truth in 60% and ‘Y’ in 50% of the cases. Find the probability that
they contradict each other narrating the same incident.
Solution:
Q14. A speaks truth in 60% of the cases and B in 90% of the cases. In what
percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same
fact?
Solution:
Solution:
Q15. Box 1 contain 3 white & 2 black balls while Box 2 contain 2 white & 3 black
balls. Two ball are randomly shifted from Box 1 to Box 2, now probability of
drawing a black ball from Box 2 is

D
Solution:
Solution:
Q16. A and B throw alternately with a pair of dice. A wins if he throws 6 before B
throws 7 and B wins if he throws 7 before A throws 6. Find the chance of
winning if A makes the first throw.
Solution:
Solution:
Q17. A bag contains n + 1 coins. It is known that one of these coins shows heads
on both sides, whereas the other coins are fair. One coin is selected at random
and tossed. If the probability that toss results in heads is then find the
value of n.
Solution:
Q18. A bag contains 4 red and 3 black balls. A second bag contains 2 red and 4
black balls. One bag is selected at random. From the selected bag, one ball is
drawn. Find the probability that the ball drawn is red.
Solution:
Q19. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the result is head, a pair of unbiased dice is
rolled and the number obtained by adding the number on the two faces is noted.
What is the probability that the noted number is either 7 or 8?
Solution:
Q20. A lot contains 20 articles. The probability that the lot contains exactly two
defective articles is 0.4 and the probability that the lot contains exactly 3
defective articles is 0.6. Articles are drawn from the lot at random one by one,
without replacement and are tested till all the defective articles are found. What
is the probability that the testing procedure ends at the 12th testing?
Solution:
Solution:
Q21. In an entrance test, there are multiple choice questions. There are four
possible answers to each question, of which one is correct. The probability that
a student knows the answer to a question is 90%. If he gets the correct answer
to a question, then find the probability that he was guessing.
Solution:
Q22. A company has two plants to manufacture bicycles. The first plant
manufactures 60% of the bicycles and the second plant 40%. Out of that 80% of
the bicycles are rated of standard quality at the first plant and 90% of standard
quality at the second plant. A bicycle is picked up at random and found to be of
standard quality. Find the probability that it comes from the second plant.
Solution:
Q23. In a test, an examinee either guesses or copies or knows the answer to a
multiple-choice questions with four choices. The probability that he makes a
guess is and the probability that he copies the answer is The
probability that his answer is correct, given that he copied it is Find the
probability that he knew the answer to the question, given that he correctly
answered it.
Solution:
Solution:
Q24. A box contains N coins, m of which are fair and the rest are biased. The
probability of getting a head when a fair coin is tossed is while it is when
a biased coin is tossed. A coin is drawn from the box at random and is tossed
twice. The first time it shows a head and the second time it shows a tail. What
is the probability that the coin drawn is fair?
Solution:
Q25. Die A has 4 red and 2 white faces whereas die B has 2 red and 4 white
faces. A coin is flipped once. If is shows a head, the game continues by
throwing die A; if it shows tail, then die B is to be used. If the probability that
die A is used is when it is given that red turns up every time in first n
throws, then find the value of n.
Solution:
Q26. Find the probability distribution of X, the number of heads in two tosses of
a coin (or a simultaneous toss of two coins)
Solution:
Q27. An urn contains 4 white and 6 red balls. 4 balls are drawn at random from
the urn. Find the probability distribution of the number of white balls.
Solution:
Q28. An unbiased die is thrown twice. Find the probability distribution of the
number of sixes.
Solution:
Q29. A pair of fair dice is thrown 4 times. Find the probability of getting a
doublet at least 2 times.
Solution:
Q30. The probability that a student can get a chance in IIT is . He tries 5 times
to get a chance. Find the probability that he tries to get a chance in IIT at least 3
times.
Solution:
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