Sharpwel Tutorials

Prof. Harish G. Narula

VIVA QUESTIONS
Chapter 1. DC Circuits

o.Write the expression for current in a

parallel combination
Ans:

= I, R

Also, V = IR
R R2
V-1RK)
1R IR+R
IR2
R+R Similarly IR
IR+R

I2 Ra

Q.What is the internal resistance of an Ammeter and what

should it be replaced with Short circuit or
Open Circuit?

Ans: 0 2 (Short circuit)

.What is the internal resistance of an Voltage source and what should it be replaced with Short
circuit or Open Circuit?

Ans: 0 2 (Short circuit)

.what is the internal resistance of an Voltmeter and what should it be replaced with Short circuit
or Open Circuit?

Ans: oo 2 (Open circuit)

d t i s the internal resistance of an Current Source and what should it be replaced with Short
circuit or Open Circuit ?
Ans: 2 (Open circuit)
oo

Q.Write the
the expressions
exprt for star connected resistors in terms of delta connected resistors

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 Prof. Harish G. Narula

Sharpwell Tutorials

Ri2 Rs
Ans: R RatRa+Ra

R RtRatR
Ra Ra
and
RR+RR connected
resistors

delta connected
resistors in terms ofstar
Write the expressions for

Ans:
R R2
Ri2 R+R+ R
R,R
R3 Rt+Rs+ R
R,R
and Ra Rs+RiR

laws
Q. State Kirchhoff's

Ans: at any
sum of currents
hence the algebrac
or a node cannot store energy, where three or
more
KCL states that a junction Node is a point
current =
outgoing current).
equal to zero 1.e., (mcoming
Junction 1s as
can be expressed
connections meet. Mathematicallythis
node n
Current coming out of
Currents entering node n Node n
i.e. if
No is equal to zero.
,

drop in a closed loop

n

KVL states that the algebraic

of voltages and potential comes back to the same point adding all the
sum
but
circuit travels through any path branches forming
one starts
from a point in a Mesh or loop is
defined as a set of
sum will be equal
to zero.
the
voltages and potential drops, expressed as:
This is mathematically
a closed path.
elementS
Voltage acrossthe
loop

Theorem
Q. State Superposition actin8
sources

theorem through a branch with multiple

states that current the source
Ans: Superposition branch with one of
to the algebraic sum of the
currents flowing through that
simultaneously isequal their internal resistance
SOurces replaced by
and remainin8
acting at a time

Thevenin's
Theorem
Q. State 10ad
the
as seen by
complex network with multiple
sources
states that any
Ans: Thevenin's theorem source n series with a resistance
wIth a voltage
resistance can be replaced
where, between open circuited terminals of R and
or VTH)) 1S the vollage
the voltage source ( o
177
166
Mob. 9892
134
n a r u l a . h a r i s h @ g m a i l . c o m
S h a r p w e u t o r i a l s

R (or RTH)
IS the
resistance acroSS the open Prof. Harish
G.
circuitedRR Narula

Complex
network Roe RTH
Voe TH

IRL RcVoc
t+R

o How to find Thevenin s voltage source value

Ans:
Open circuit R. (load resistance 1.e. the resistance
nodes as A and B. through which the current is to be
found) and name its
2 Use mesh analysis to find the loop current.
3 Find VAB (i.e. Voc or VTH) using KVL.

Q. How to find Thevenin's Resistance

Ans
1.Open circuit R and name the terminals
as A and B and also
resistance. replace the sources by their
intermal
2 Find RAB (R)
Q. State Norton's Theorem
Ans:

S
Source (y or Isc)theorem states that any complex network with
in parallel with multiple sources can be replaced with a current
a
resistance (Ry or Roc
CTe,e
Circuited R
1s the current
through the short circuit path of R and. is the resistance across the open
R

Complex sc RegPrH
network
+ Norton's equivalent
circuit

Q Explain the
Ans: Onship between the Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent Circuit

equiv The Thevenin's and

and
Norton's theorem the equivalent circuit
theorems. The Norton's
circuit can be are called as

derived from u
D e derived from the Thevenin's equivalent circuit as shown in rig. l.l0

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 Prof. Harish G. Narula
Sharpwell Tutorials

Isc oc Voe Isc xRni

or
Thus
ve can obtan the Norton's equivalent circuit from the
By using these
transformation cquations
Thevenin's cquivalent circuit
RH
ww
Complex
network A I O ArH
containing
resistanoes
and souroes

Voc
(RTH +R)
RHxlsc
R+RT
resistance
the Thevenin's and Norton's
Q. Explain the relationship between

Ans: They are same

value
Q. How to find Norton's Current source

Ans:

Short circuit the load resistance and mark the term

and B.

IL Use mesh analysis to find the loop currents Roo

II1. Find IAs or Isc using the loop currents.

Q. How to find Norton's Resistance

Ans.
Open circuit R and name the terminals as A and B and also replace the sources by their internal
resistan ce
Find RAB (R,).

Q. State the maximum power transfer theorem

Ans: Maximum power transfer the orem states that For maximum power to be dissipated in R, RL
should be equal to Roc

Q. Prove Maximum power transfer theorem

Proof Hoo
ww

VoT

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Sharpwell Tutorials

Prof. Harish
G. Narula
We know, RL Voc
Roc+R

PRL
RXRocOC+R *
For, max d R PR) = 0

0
dRL (R+R
(Roc+ R)
R

aR R,(Rc+ R)] 0
=

2 R

(Roc+ R (Roc+RJ
- 2 R+ 1 (Roc+ R)
(Roc +R

0
-2R +Roc +RL
=

RL Roc

Q. What is the node voltage if there is a voltage source between a node and the reference node

Ans: The node voltage is equal to the

value of such a voltage source

Q. What is a supermesh?

Ans: In case there is a current source in the common arm of two minor loops, it is called as a

supermesh

Q. How to solve supremesh?

Ans: KVL is taken across the major loop or the supermesh in such case and the current in the

equation
Common arm gives another

Q.What is a supernode?

Ance In case there is a voltage source between two nodes, it is called as a supernode

Tor voltage to current source transformation

Q. Explain the
formula
Ans: The relationship of the resistor, current source andnltnmns. is as showing in Fig. 1.13

vIR=1 A | IR=V

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