© Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–3. Determine the reactions at the supports, then draw

w
the moment diagram. Assume the support at B is a roller. EI
is constant.
A B

SOLUTION
Compatibility Equation:

(+ T) D B - B y f BB = 0 (1)

Use virtual work method:

L (x) ( - wx 2
) wL 4
a b dx = -
L EI L0
mM 2
DB = dx =
EI 8EI
L
L3
L EI L0 EI
mm (x)(x)
fBB = dx = dx =
3EI

wL 4 L3
From Eq. (1) - By = 0
8EI 3EI

3wL
By = Ans.
8

wL 2
MA = Ans.
8

5wL
Ay = Ans.
8

Ax = 0 Ans.

Ans.
3wL
By = ;
8
wL2
MA = ;
8
5wL
Ay = ;
8
Ax = 0

470
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

25 kN
10–5. Determine the reactions at the supports. Assume the 30 kN/m
support at A is fixed and B is a roller. Take
E = 200 GPa. The moment of inertia for each segment is
shown in the figure.
B C
A IAB 5 360(106) mm4
IBC 5 180(106) mm4
6m 4m

SOLUTION
L mM 6 ( x − 6 )( 205 x − 790 − 15 x 2 ) 8460
∆B = ∫ 0 EI
dx = ∫ 0 EI AB
dx + 0 =
EI AB
L m2 6 ( 6 − x )2 72
fBB = ∫ 0 EI
dx = ∫ 0 EI AB
dx + 0 =
EI AB

∆ B + By fBB = 0
8460 72
+ By =0
EI AB EI AB N1P N1
0 [
By = −117.5 kN Ans.
N1
P

N1
+
→ ∑ Fx = 0; Ax = 0 Ans.

0 [²²[
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0; Ay = 180 − 117.5 + 25 = 87.5 kN Ans.
a
+ ∑ M A = 0; − M A + 180(3) − 117.5(6) + 25 (10 ) = 0
0 [²
M A = 85 kN·m Ans. 

N1
N1
P P P

N1

Ans.
B y = - 117.5 kN; A x = 0; A y = 87.5 kN;
M A = 85 kN # m

472
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–13. Determine the reactions at the supports. Assume 60 kN/ m

A and C are pins and the joint at B is fixed connected. EI is
constant. B
A

6m
SOLUTION 30 kN/m
Compatibility Equation: Referring to Fig a, the necessary displacement can be 3m
determined using virtual work method, using the real and virtual moment
functions shown in Fig. b and c,
C
, 6m 3m
30X12) (X2)( 15X22)
'0 %) '0 '0
M- (0.5X1)(157.5X1
b € #N  DX  DX1 DX2
%) %)


506.25
 6m
%)
60 kN/m

'0 %) '0 '0

6 m (0.5X )(0.5X ) 3m
MM 1 1 (X2)(X2)
F##  DX  DX1 DX2
%) %)


27 3m

%)

Using the principle of superposition, 30 kN/m

60 kN/m
b #N  b € #N #X F##

506.25 27
/  #X 2 3
%) %)

#X  18.75 kN  18.75 kN  Ans.

Equilibrium: Referring to the FBD of the frame in Fig. d, 30 kN/m

 ; &X  0; !X 30(3) 18.75  0

! X  108.75 kN Ans.

a ; -!  0; #Y(6) 60(6)(3) 30(3)(1.5) 18.75(3)  0

#Y  211.875 kN  212 kN Ans.

C ; &Y  0; !Y 211.875 60(6)  0

! Y  148.125 kN  148 kN Ans.

6m 0.5 kN 60(6) kN
60 kN/m 3m 3m
6m
1 kN
90 kN 30(3) kN

M2 = –15x22
3m 1.5 m
157.5 kN 3m

M1 = 157.5x1 – 30x21 1 kN 1.5 m

30 kN/m 0.5 kN Cx = 18.75 kN

202.5 kN

480
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–14. Determine the reactions at the supports, then draw 6 kN/m

the moment diagrams for each member. EI is constant.
B
A
3m
2m

12 kN

2m

SOLUTION
C
Compatibility Equation: Referring to the real and virtual moment functions
indicated in Figs. a and b respectively.
L 2m 2m
1 # ( DC )v =
(0)(0) dx1 0(- 12x2)dx2
L0 EI L0 L0
mM
dx = +
EI EI

3m
( -x3 ) c - 1 3x23 + 24 2 d dx3
L0
+
EI
168.75 kN # m3
1 # ( Dc )v = 0 + 0 +
EI

168.75 kN # m3
( Dc )v = T
EI
L 2m 3m
( - x 3 )( - x 3 ) dx 3
1 # f CC =
2 m (0)(0)dx

L0 EI L0 L0 L0
mm (0)(0)dx 1 2
dx = + +
EI EI EI

1 # f CC = 0 + 0
9 m3
EI

9 m3
f CC = T
EI

Using the method of superposition, Fig. c,

( D c ) v + Cy fCC = 0
168.75 kN # m3 9 m3
(+T) + Cy a b = 0
EI EI

Cy = -18.75 kN = 18.75 kN c Ans.

Equilibrium. Referring to the FBD of the frame, Fig. d,

+ Fx = 0 ;
S A x - 12 = 0 A x = 12.0 kN Ans.

+ c Fy = 0 ; 18.75 - 6(3) - A y = 0 A y = 0.750 kN Ans.

a + MA = 0 ; 18.75(3) - 6(3)(1.5) - 12(2) - M A = 0 M A = 5.25 kN # m Ans.

The plot of the moment digram is shown in Fig. e.

481
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–14. Continued

Ans.
Cy = 18.75 kN;
Ax = 12.0 kN;
Ay = 0.750 kN;
MA = 5.25 kN # m

482
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–15. Determine the reactions at the supports, then draw

the moment diagram for each member. EI is constant. 4m
B
A

SOLUTION 2m

Compatibility Equation:
50 kN
( + ↓) 0 = ∆ A − Ay fAA (1)

2m
Use virtual work method:

L mM 2 ( 4 )( −50 x3 ) −400 C
∆A = ∫ 0 EI
dx = ∫ 0 EI
dx3 =
EI
4 (x )
2
2 (4) 2 (4)
2 2
L mM 85.33
= ∫ dx = ∫ dx1 + ∫ dx2 + ∫ dx3 =
1
fAA
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI 0 EI EI

400 85.33
From Eq. (1) 0= − Ay
EI EI

Ay = 4.688 kN Ans.

C x = 50 kN Ans.

C y = 4.688 kN Ans.

MC = 81.25 kN · m Ans.

Ans.
A y = 4.688 kN; Cx = 50 kN; Cy = 4.688 kN;
M C = 81.25 kN # m

483
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*10–16. Determine the reactions at the supports. Assume A 8 kN/m

is fixed connected. E is constant.
B

A IAB 5 1250 (106) mm4

9m 3m

20 kN
6 4
IBC 5 625 (10 ) mm
3m

SOLUTION C

Compatibility Equation. Referring to Fig. a, and using the real and virtual moment
function shown in Fig. b and c, respectively,
L 9m
(- x 3) 3 -(4x 23 + 60) 4
L0 EI L0
mM 8991
D Cv = dx = dx 3 = T
EIAB EIAB
L 9m

L0 EI L0
mm (- x 3)(-x 3) 243
f CC = dx = dx 3 = T
EIAB EIAB

Using the principle of superposition,

D Cv = D Cv + CyfCC

+ Cy a b
8991 243
(+ T) 0 =
EIAB EIAB

Cy = -37.0 kN = 37.0 kN c Ans.

Equilibrium. Referring to the FBD of the frame in Fig. d,

+ !Fx = 0 ;
S A x - 20 = 0 A x = 20 kN Ans.

a + !MA = 0 ; M A + 37.0(9) - 8(9)(4.5) - 20(3) = 0

M A = 51.0 kN # m Ans.

+ c !Fy = 0 ; A y + 37.0 - 8(9) = 0 A y = 35.0 kN Ans.

484
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–17. Determine the reactions at the supports, then draw 4m

the moment diagram for each member. EI is constant. 8 kN/m

B
A

3m

C
SOLUTION
Compatibility Equation. Referring to the virtual and real moment functions
indicated in Figs. a and b, respectively,
L 4m 3m
( x 1 )( - 4x 21 ) dx 1
1 # DA =
L0 EI L0 L0
mM 4(- 64)dx 2
dx = +
EI EI

256 kN # m3 786 kN # m3
1 # DA = - -
EI EI

1024 kN # m3 1024 kN # m3
DA = - = T
EI EI
L 4m 3m
1 # f AA =
( x 1 )( x 1 ) dx 1
L0 EI L0 L0
mm (4)(4)dx 2
dx = +
EI EI

1 # f AA =
21.33 m3 48 m3
+
EI EI

69.33 m3
f AA = c
EI

Using the principle of superposition, Fig. c

D A + A y f AA = 0

1024 kN # m3 69.33 m3
(+T) + Ay a - b = 0
EI EI

A y = 14.77 kN = 14.8 kN Ans.

Equilibrium. Referring to the FBD of the frame, Fig. d,

+ !Fx = 0 ;
S Cx = 0 Ans.

+ c !Fy = 0 ; Cy + 14.77 - 8(4) = 0 Cy = 17.23 kN = 17.2 kN Ans.

a+ !Mc = 0 ; 8(4)(2) - 14.77(4) - M c = 0

M c = 4.923 kN # m = 4.92 kN # m Ans.

The plot of the moment diagram is shown in Fig. e.

485
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–26. Determine the force in each member of the truss. 40 kN

The cross-sectional area of each member is indicated in the
figure. E%=  GPa.3)Assume
20029(10 ksi. Assume the members
the members are pin
are pin connected 1.2 m
connected at their ends.
at their ends. C
D 600 mm 2

2
mm
00
12
600 mm2 600 mm2
SOLUTION 12
00
0.9 m
mm

 ;
2
N., 1 (1.33)(53.33)(1.2) (1.33)(–30)(1.2)
b #"  4 600 mm2
!% 600% 1 1
30 kN
(1)(40)(0.9) (–1.667)(–66.67)(1.5) A B
5 4 5
1 2
40 kN
156.5 40 kN
 53.33 kN +53.33
600%

 ;
–66.67
N2, 1 2(1.33)2(1.2) 2(1)2(0.9) 2( 1.667)2(1.5) +40
F#"#"  4 5
!% 600% 1 1 2
83.33 kN
30 kN
–30
10.23

600%
b #" &#"F#"#"  0
156.5 10.23
&#" 2 3  0
600% 600%
&#"  15.289 kN  15.3 kN (C) Ans.

Joint C:

C ; &Y  0;
3
& 40 15.289  0; 40 kN
5 !#
&!#  41.2 kN (C) Ans. 15.3 kN

 ; &X  0;
4
(41.2) &$#  0;
5
&$#  32.9 kN (T) Ans.

Joint B:

C ; &Y  0;
3
15.289 2 3 (&$")  0;
5

&$"  25.482 kN  25.5 kN (T) Ans.

 ; &X  0;
4 41.2 kN
&!" 30 25.482 2 3  0;
5 83.33 kN
50.4 kN

&!"  50.4 kN (C) Ans.

Joint A:

C ; &Y  0;
3
41.2 2 3 &$!  0;
5

&$!  24.7 kN (T) Ans. Ans.

FCB = 15.3 kN (C); FAC = 41.2 kN (C);
FDC = 32.9 kN (T); FDB = 25.2 kN (T);
FAB = 50.4 kN (C); FDA = 24.7 kN (T)

501
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–27. Determine the force in member AC of the truss.

E
AE is constant.

3m

D
C

SOLUTION 3m

Compatibility Equation: Referring to Fig. a, and using the real force and virtual
force in each member shown in Fig. b and c, respectively, B
A 4m
nNL 1(16.67)(5) (-1.60)(-13.33)(4) 168.67
D AC = ! = + = 10 kN
AE AE AE AE

n2L ( 12 ) (5) 3 (- 1.60)2 4 (4) 3 (- 0.6)2 4 (3)

f AC AC = ! = 2c d + +
AE AE AE AE

21.32
=
AE

Applying the principle of superposition, Fig. a

D AC = D AC + FACfACAC

+ FAC a b
168.67 21.32
0 =
AE AE

FAC = - 7.911 kN = 7.91 kN (C) Ans.

502
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–27. Continued

Ans.
7.91 kN (C)

503
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

6 kN
*10–28. Determine the force in member BE of the
pin-connected truss. AE is constant.
E D

1.5 m

A C
B
2m 2m

12 kN
SOLUTION
Compatibility Equation. Referring to the virtual and real forces in each member
indicated in Figs. a and b, respectively,

1#D = a 3 (- 0.8)(8)(2) + (-0.6)(12)(1.5) + (-0.6)(- 6)(1.5)

nNL 1
BE =
AE AE

+ (1)(- 10)(2.5) 4

43.2 kN # m
D BE = -
AE

1 # f BEBE = a 3 2 ( 12 ) (2.5) + 2(-0.8)2(2) + 2(- 0.6)2(1.5) 4

n2L 1
=
AE AE

8.64 m
f BEBE =
AE
Using the principle of superposition, Fig. c,

D BE = D BE + FBE f BEBE

43.2 kN # m 8.64 # m
0 = - + FBE a b
AE AE

FBE = 5.00 kN (T) = 5 kN (T) Ans.

504
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–29. Determine the force in member AD of the pin- 8 kN 12 kN 8 kN

connected truss. AE is constant.

E D C

2m

B
A
2m 2m
SOLUTION
Compatibility Equation. Referring to the virtual and real forces in each member
indicated in Figs. a and b, respectively,

1#D = a ca- b(8)(2) + a - b(- 12)(2)

nNL 1 1 1
AD =
AE AE 12 12

+ (1) ( - 812 )( 212 ) d

26.3431 kN # m
D AD = -
AE

1 # f ADAD = a
n2L 1 2
c 4a - b (2) + 2 ( 12 )( 212 ) d
1
=
AE AE 12

9.6569 # m
f ADAD =
AE

Using the principle of superposition, Fig. a,

D AD = D AD + FAD f ADAD

26.3431 kN # m 9.6569 # m
0 = a- b + FAD a b
AE AE

FAD = 2.73 kN (T) Ans.

Ans.
2.73 kN (T)

505
 © Pearson Education Limited 2017. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

10–33. Determine the force in member GB of the truss. H G F

AE is constant.

3m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

SOLUTION 40 kN 60 kN 20 kN

Compatibility Equation: Referring to Fig. a, and using the real and virtual
force in each member shown in Fig. b and c, respectively,

b €'"  ;
N., 1
 4(–0.7071)(40)(3) ( 0.7071)(65)(3)
!% !%
3m
0.7071(55)(3) 0.7071(20)(3) 0.7071(–90)(3)
( 0.7071)( 90)(3) 1(35.36)(4.243)
3m 3m 3m 3m
(–1)(49.50)(4.243) 5 40 kN 60 kN 20 kN
123.64

!%

F'"'"  ;
N2, 0.70712(3) ( 0.7071)2(3) (–1)2(4.243)
 34 5 34 5 24 5
!% !% !% !%
(12)(4.243)
24 5 40 kN 60 kN 20 kN
!%
25.97

!%

Applying the principle of superposition, Fig. a

b '"  b '" &'"F'"'"

123.64 25.97
0  &'" 2 3
!% !%
&'"  4.76 kN (T) Ans.

35.36 kN 49.50 kN

–90 kN –90 kN
–0.7071 kN –0.7071 kN
–7

kN
7.

–1
92
78
20 kN
40 kN

1. kN
1
kN

kN

–9 1 kN N
k
–1
65 kN 65 kN 55 kN 55 kN
–0.7071 kN 0.7071 kN

65 kN 40 kN 60 kN 20 kN 55 kN

Ans.
4.76 kN (T)

509