Scribd
Upload
4K views2 pages

Billing Format

Uploaded by

olajideo538
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4K views2 pages

Billing Format

Uploaded by

olajideo538
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

TOPIC: REPRODUCTION

CONTENT
Meaning and Types of Reproduction
Forms of Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction (Conjugation and Fusion of Gametes)
Meiosis and Importance of Meiosis

MEANING AND TYPES OF REPRODUCTION


Reproduction is the ability of an organism to give rise to new individuals of the
same species in order to ensure continuity of life.
There are two types of reproduction
a. asexual reproduction
b. sexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction: is the process whereby an organism produces an offspring by
itself. I.e. only one parent is presence. No gametes involved thus there is no
fusion of nuclei, but the cells that give rise to the offspring usually divide by
means of mitosis. Offspring produced are identical to the parent in all respect and
are called clones
Sexual Reproduction: is a type of reproduction that involves two parents and the
fusion of the male and the female gamete to form a zygote. Offspring produced show
new variation. The sex cells (gametes) are produced by meiotic cell division and
after fertilization the new individual continue to grow and produce new cells by
mitosis.

EVALUATION
What is reproduction?
Why is reproduction necessary?
Differentiate between the two types of reproduction.

FORMS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION


Binary Fission: Fission is the simplest form and involves the division of a single
organism into two complete organisms, each identical to the other and to the
parent. Fission is common among unicellular organisms such as bacteria, many
protists and some algae.
Budding: The parent organism develops an outgrowth which subsequently forms the new
individual organism. These buds break off from the parent without causing any
injury and live an independent life. Budding is common in yeast and hydra
Spore Formation: Spores are DNA-containing capsules capable of sprouting into new
organisms; unlike most seeds, spores are produced without sexual union of gametes,
when dispersed, each spore is capable of developing into a new organism. Spores are
common in lower organisms especially fungi such as rhizopus and penicillum.
Fragmentation: A part of the parent organism breaks up and develops into a new
independent organism. This type of reproduction is also called regeneration.
Fragmentation is common in spirogyra and coelenterates.
Vegetative Propagation: It occurs in higher plants. In this process, a new plant
grows from any portion of an old one other than the seeds. There are two methods of
vegetative propagation, this include natural and artificial vegetative
propagations.
Natural vegetative propagation involves the use of vegetative parts such as stems,
leaves, roots or buds. The part involved must have a store of food and sometimes
able to act as a perennating organ i. e. enable the plant to survive from one
growing season to the next. Organs of vegetative propagation include;
Bulbil: Axillary buds growing from the veins of leaves e. g. Bryophyllum and
Begonia.
Runners or stolons: Stems that creep horizontally on soil surface. Buds and
adventitious roots develop from the nodes of the parent plants e. g. sweet potato,
grass.
Rhizomes: Underground horizontal stem. It has scaly leaves which cover lateral buds
at the nodes. Lateral buds grow into new aerial shoots e. g. ginger, canna lily.
Corms: Underground stems which grow vertically in the soil. Buds develop from the
axils of scale leaves, grow upward and form leaves and flowers e. g. cocoyam.
Stem tubers: Underground stems which have swollen tips. Axillary buds on tubers
give rise to new aerial shoots e. g. yam, sweet potato
Suckers: Short underground horizontal branches e. g. banana, pineapple
Bulb: Underground condensed shoots with compressed stems and scaly leaves e. g.
onion, garlic.
Artificial propagation is the use of parts of the parent plant to multiply the
plants. Budding, grafting, layering, cutting and marcotting are types of artificial
propagation.

You might also like