Chapter

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

IN TWO VARIABLES

INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS

Have you ever asked yourself how businessmen make profits? How can farmers increase their yield or
harvest? How parents budget their income on food, education, clothing and other needs? How cellular phone
users choose the best payment plan?
How students spend their daily allowances or travel from home to school?

Find out the answers to these questions and determine the vast applications of systems of linear
equations and inequalities in two variables through this module.
 1. SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES AND THEIR GRAPHS

Equations like x – y = 7 and 2x + y = 8 are called simultaneous linear equations or

a system of linear equations if we want them to be true for the same pair of numbers.
The solution of such equations is an ordered pair of numbers that satisfies both equations.
The solution set of a system of linear equations in two variables is the set of all
ordered pairs of real numbers that makes every equation in the system true.

The solution of a system of linear equations can be determined algebraically or graphically.

To find the solution graphically, graph both equations on a Cartesian plane then find the point of
intersection of the graphs, if it exists. The solution to a system of linear equations corresponds to
the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graphs of the equations.

A system of linear equations has:

a. Only one solution if their graphs intersect.
b. Infinitely many solutions if their graphs coincide. intersect.
c. No solution if their graphs do not
 There are three kinds of systems of linear equations in two variables according to the number of
solutions. These are:
1. System of consistent and independent equations
This is a system of linear equations having exactly one solution. The slopes of the lines defined by the
equations are not equal; their y-intercepts could be equal or unequal; and their graphs intersect.
Example: The system of equations
2x + y = 5
3x – y = 9
is consistent and independent. The slopes
of their lines are not equal, their y-intercepts
could be equal or unequal, and their graphs
intersect.

2. System of consistent and dependent equations

This is a system of linear equations having infinitely many solutions. The slopes of the lines defined by
the equations are equal, their y-intercepts are also equal, and their graphs coincide.

Example: The system of equations

x–y=5
2x – 2y = 10
is consistent and dependent. The slopes
of their lines are equal, their y-intercepts
are also equal, and their graphs coincide.

3. System of inconsistent equations

This is a system of linear equations having no solution. The slopes of the lines defined by the equations
are equal or have no slopes, their y-intercepts are not equal; and their graphs are parallel.
Example: The system of equations
2x + y = -6
2x + y = 10
is inconsistent. The slopes of their lines are equal; their y-intercepts are not equal; and their graphs are
parallel.
Directions: Determine whether each system of linear equations is consistent and dependent, consistent and
independent, or inconsistent. Answer the questions that follow.
1. y = 2x + 3 and y = 2x + 1 2. 3x – y = -2 and y = 2x + 1

If x = 0; y = .............. Order pair.............. If x = 0; y = .............. Order pair..............

If x = 1; y = .............. Order pair.............. If x = 1; y = .............. Order pair..............

The solution of a system of linear equations The solution of a system of linear equations
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3. x – 2y = 1 and 2x – 4y = 2

If x = -1; y = .............. Order pair..............

If x = 1; y = .............. Order pair..............

The solution of a system of linear equations

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2. SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

2.1 solving systems of linear equations in two variables by using Substitution Method

Example: Solve the following system by using substitution method

1. 2x + y = 5 2. 3x + y = 2
-x + 2y = 5 y = 2 – 3x

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Practice 2.1 Solve the following system by using substitution method

1. x+y=8 2. x = -y + 7 3. y = 2x
y=x+6 x – y = -9 4x + 3y = 20

4. y = 2x + 5 5. 2x + 5y = 9 6. 3x + y = 2
3x – 2y = -5 -x + y = 2 9x + 2y = 7

7. x – y = -3 8. 4x + y = 6 9. 2x + y = 10
3x + y = 19 x – 2y = 15 4x + 2y = 5

10. -x + 3y = -2
-3x + 9y = -6
2.2 solving systems of linear equations in two variables by using Elimination Method
Example: Solve the following system by using elimination method

1. 5x + 3y = 17 2. 3x + 3y = 15
-5x + 2y = 3 2x + 6y = 22
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Practice 2.2 Solve the following system by using substitution method

1. 3x - 2y = 5 2. x + 3y = 7 3. 5x + 3y = -9
2x + 7y = 9 -x + 4y = 7 2x - 5y = -16

4. 3x + 2y = 22 5. 0.2x + 0.3y = 0.1 6. 4x - 3y = 4

9x – 8y = -4 0.03x – 0.01y = 0.07 10x + 9y = -7

7. x – 2y = 16 8. 4x + 3y = -40 9. x - 5y = 33
y + 3 = 3x 5x – y = -12 -4x + 7y = -41
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑥+1 𝑦−3 1
10. + = 2 and + =
4 3 7 2 2
3. Word problems on systems of linear equations with two variables.
Solving word problems on the systems of linear equations with two variables is problem-solving for
finding the answers of the problems, by changing them in the systems of linear equations with two variables.
For finding the answers, we must read the problems to see what is asked and what is told, to assuming the
unknown values or variables and creating the systems of linear equations with two variables, solving the
systems of linear equations with two variables and summarizing the answers.
Example 3.1: In a basket, there are 78 of mangoes and oranges in total. If the number of mangoes is 24 less
than the number of oranges, what is each number of mangoes and oranges in this basket?
Solution: When x is the number of mangoes.
And y is the number of oranges.
The number of mangoes and oranges altogether is 78.
Then x + y = 78 ---------------------------- (1)
The number of mangoes is 24 less than the number of oranges.
Then x – y = 24 ---------------------------- (2)
From (2) y = 24 + x ---------------------------- (3)
Substitute the value of y in (1)
x + (24 + x) = 78
2x + 24 = 78
2x = 78 – 24
x = 27
Substitute the value of x in (3)
y = 24 + 27
y = 51
So, there are 27 mangoes and 51 oranges.

Example 3.2: If one half of Ploy's money is 3 times of Praw's, and four time of Ploy's and Praw's money is
3,000 baht, how much money do Ploy and Praw have each?
Solution: When x is Ploy's money.
And y is Praw's money.
One half of Ploy's money is 3 times of Praw's
Then …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Four times the difference of Ploy's and Praw's money is 3,000 baht.
Then …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
From …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Substitute the value of x in (2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Substitute the value of x in (3)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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So, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Practice 3 Solve the following system

1. The sum of two numbers is -42 and their difference is 52. Find these two numbers.
2. The difference of two numbers is 16, and three times of the larger number is nine times of the smaller.
Find these two numbers.
3. A number is a two-digit number. The number of the tens digit is 2 more than twice the number of the
units digit. If the digits are reversed, the new number will be 45 less than the original number. Find the
original number.