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Extracted Pages From Lect - 6 - PLC - Classic - Control P

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28 views7 pages

Extracted Pages From Lect - 6 - PLC - Classic - Control P

Uploaded by

Møhãmëd Ghônîm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

Relay:
❖ It consists of coil, group of contacts and spring.
❖ At zero current in the coil, the contacts are normally open (NO)
or normally closed (NC).
❖ When current passes through the coil, it will be magnetized and
force the contacts to change its state from NO to close or from NC
to open.
❖ When the coil circuit is disconnected, the spring forces the
contacts to go back to its initial states.
❖ Hence the relay can only close or open the circuit, so it is used for
on/off control.
❖ Coil circuit is named control circuit and contacts circuit is named
power circuit.
How a Relay can be specified ?
❖ Number of pins.
❖ Relay coil voltage.
❖ Relay contact maximum withstand voltage and current. 6
Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

Main reasons of using relay in control circuits:


❖ Relay isolates the control circuit from the power circuit because both circuits
are linked together magnetically not by electrical wires.
❖ Control elements will be put in control circuit (any coil draws negligible
current in milliampere range) so they are lower in ampere.
Disadvantages of relays:
❖ Hard wired (in case of system function modification, the control
circuit needs to be rewired).
❖ Larger size.
❖ Difficult in fault diagnostics and maintenance.
❖ Occurrence of bad contact (the contacts are damaged because of
spark and mechanical impact in the instant of circuit on and off).
❖ Design and installation time is large.
❖ Noisy
Advantages of relays:
❖ Cheap.
❖ Static field and noise do not affect on it. 7
Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

Contactor:
❖ It has the same construction as relay but the main contacts of
the contactor can hold large current (higher rating).
❖ In contactor, there is a difference between main and auxiliary
contacts unlike relay.
❖ Each two auxiliary contacts have 4 pins in contactor and 3 pins
in relay (because there is a common point between NO and NC
contacts in relay).
❖ Usually contactor is used in power applications (single-phase and
three-phase applications) and relay is used in control applications or
may be used in low power single-phase applications.
How a contactor can be specified ?
❖ Number of poles (number of main contacts).
❖ Number of original auxiliary contacts ( it is known that additional
auxiliary contacts may be added).
❖ Coil voltage.
❖ Main contact maximum withstand voltage and current. 8
Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

Circuit Breaker:
❖ It is also used to on/off the circuit as relay and contactor.
❖ Relay and contactor can only hold full load and overload
currents, but the circuit breaker can hold the short circuit
current as well as the full load and overload currents.

❖ If short circuit occurs, spark occurs, and a very large current


will pass through the circuit until interrupting the spark else
the device itself will be damaged.

❖ Usually circuit breaker is used in short circuit and the relay


or contactor (according to the rate of the circuit) are used to
control the circuit under full load and overload current.

❖ Circuit breaker can be used as an emergency stop and it


should be used also in disconnecting the circuit during the
maintenance time. 9
Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

Overload:
❖ The main objective is to protect the motor/load from
over current.
❖ It consists of three thermal coils connected in series to
the motor and it has a current range setting to be
adjusted according to motor current.
❖ In case of motor current is greater than the overload
current setting for any reason such as overload, phase
disconnection…etc, the overload thermal coils
temperature is increased then expanded and
disconnect NC contact inside the overload. The
overload NC contact is connected externally to the
contactor coil so it disconnects the main contactor
contacts and hence disconnects the motor.

10
Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

❖ Most common types are:

1. On Delay Timer
2. Off Delay Timer

1. On Delay Timer:

Normally Opened, Timed Closed Normally Closed, Timed Opened


Contacts Contacts 25
Industrial Classic control/ Relays control system:

❖ Most common types are:

1. On Delay Timer
2. Off Delay Timer

1. Off Delay Timer:

Normally Open, Timed Open Contacts Normally Closed, Timed Closed Contacts
26

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