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Presentation 1

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ddvp_gunawardana
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Microprocessor Based Systems

Industrial and Commercial Installation Systems


E40T001M18
The microprocessor was born…

• In 1971 two companies, both in the USA, introduced the world to its
future by producing microprocessors.

• They were a young company called Intel and their rival, Texas Instruments.
The essential requirements of a system
• For example, a motor car will usually require fuel, water for cooling
purposes and a battery to start the engine and provide for the lights and
instruments.

• Its process it to burn the fuel and extract the energy to provide
transportation for people and goods.

• The outputs are the wanted movement and the unwanted pollutants
such as gases, heat, water vapour and noise.
A microprocessor system

• Like any other system, a microprocessor has inputs, outputs and a


process as shown in Figure.

Waste Heat
His and hers garage door opener

• Here is a little task that a simple microprocessor can solve for us.

• When the woman arrives in her car, a light signal is flashed at the
sensor and only her garage door opens.

• When the man arrives home, his car flashes a light signal at the same
sensor but this time his garage door opens but hers remains closed.
Terminology

01. Integrated circuits (ICs)

• An electronic circuit fabricated out of a solid block of semiconductor


material.

• This design of circuit, often called a solid state circuit, allows for very
complex circuits to be constructed in a small volume.

• An integrated circuit is also called a ‘chip’.


02. Microprocessor (µp)

This is the device that you buy: just an integrated circuit as in Figure.
• On its own, without a surrounding circuit and applied voltages it is
quite useless.
03. Microprocessor-based system

• This is any system that contains a microprocessor, and does not


necessarily have anything to do with computing.

• Our garage door opening system is a microprocessor-based system or is


sometimes called a microprocessor controlled system.
04. Microcomputer

• The particular microprocessor-based systems that happen to be used as


a computer are called microcomputers.

• The additional circuits required for a computer can be built into the
same integrated circuit giving rise to a single chip microcomputer.
05. Microcontroller

• This is a complete microprocessor-based control system built onto a


single chip.

• It is small and convenient but doesn’t do anything that could not be


done with a microprocessor and a few additional components.
06. MPU and CPU

• An MPU is a MicroProcessor Unit or microprocessor.

• A CPU is a Central Processing Unit. This is the central ‘brain’ of a computer


and can be (usually is) made from one or more microprocessors.
07. Micro

• The word micro is used in electronics and in science generally, to mean ‘one-millionth’ or
1 x 10–6. It has also entered general language to mean something very small like a very
small processor or microprocessor.

• It has also become an abbreviation for microprocessor, microcomputer, microprocessor-


based system or a micro controller – indeed almost anything that has ‘micro’ in its name.

• In the scientific sense, the word micro is represented by the Greek letter µ (mu). It was
only a small step for microprocessor to become abbreviated to µP.

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